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Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the influence of factors on the development of diaphragmatic dysfunction ir early periods after cardiac surgery

Materials and methods: study included 830 patients after various cardiac surgery in Federal National Center of Cardiovascular Surgery (Penza, Russian Federation). In the early postoperative period (3,9 ± 0,9 days) all patients underwent chest x-ray while transporting from intensive care unit. We evaluated differences between diaphragm contors in two consecutive shots - with a deep breath and exhale fully In the early postoperative period diaphragmatic dysfunction was detected in 172 cases (20.7%). Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence or absence of a violation of the diaphragm function. The criterion of selection into the group with diaphragmatic dysfunction was size of amplitude motion, less than 10 mm. 1st group with normal mobility of the diaphragm included 658 patients (79.3%). 2nd group with dysfunction of the left dome of the diaphragm - 85 patients(10.2%). 3rd group with dysfunction of the right dome - 58 patients (7%). 4th group with bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction - 29 patients (3.5%). Logistic regression model included 4 variables, the significance of which is reflected by the published data: preparation of internal thoracic artery (ITA) for graft, valve surgery, the use of radiofrequency ablation, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. We made a multiple logistic regressive analysis of predictors for the development of diaphragmatic dysfunction.

Results: we have found that under the influence of complex predictors, greatest chance of dysfunction was observed in the group with bilateral violation of diaphragm mobility after two-sidec separation of ITA (OR 3.4; CI 1.60, 7.25). High chances of dysfunction were observed in groups with unilateral violation of diaphragm mobility after unilateral separation of ITA. Separation of left ITA had higher chances for diaphragmal dysfunction (OR 2.7; CI 1.36; 5.37) than in case of separation of right ITA (OR 2.0; CI 1.16, 3.47). After valve operations, radiofrequency ablation, and cardiopulmonary bypass chances of diaphragmatic dysfunction was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) in all study groups.

Conclusions: diaphragmatic dysfunction develops in 3.4 times greater in case of bilateral separation of ITA. Unilateral dysfunction of the diaphragm has a great chance in case of separation of ITA: left up to 2.7 times and right up to 2 times. Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass, valve operations and radiofrequency ablation for the development of diaphragmatic dysfunction is statistically insignificant.

 

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