Abstract: Aim: was to study the mutual influence of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and acute coronary syndrome and to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous coronary interventions in these conditions. Material and methods: for the period from March 21, 2020 to October 31, 2021, 5093 patients were treated for COVID-19. Including 208 patients with acute coronary syndrome with concurrent COVID-19 disease. All patients underwent following diagnostic procedures: computed tomography of the chest, electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiography and, if necessary, percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: we present data on the distribution of patients with COVID-19 according to the presence or absence of ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram and the degree of lung tissue damage, as well as information on the nature of coronary interventions and mortality in these groups. A high frequency of massive thrombosis of infarct-related coronary arteries was demonstrated in the group of patients with STEMI. Possible mechanisms of left ventricular dysfunction that persist after percutaneous coronary intervention are described. A positive effect of endovascular myocardial revascularization on the degree of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 was shown. Conclusions: development of acute coronary syndrome with concurrent coronavirus infection significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease. Despite of the success of endovascular treatment, worsening COVID-19 infection can be accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the condition of patients, leading to death.
Abstract: Introduction: basilar artery thrombosis (BAT) is the cause of about 1% of ischemic strokes (IS). About 27% of strokes in posterior circulation are associated with BAT. Mortality in BAT without recanalization reaches 85-95%. In 80.7% of patients with BAT at the onset of disease a decrease in level of consciousness is observed, in 34% of them – coma. Aim: was to show the possibility of performing thrombectomy (TE) in patients with BAT and reduced level of consciousness as the only effective way to prevent death in this pathology. Materials and methods: two case reports of successful TE from basilar artery in patients with IS and decrease in level of wakefulness to coma, are presented. Results: article describes two successful cases of TE in patients with angiographically confirmed BAT and decrease in the level of consciousness to moderate coma at the onset of disease. In two presented patients, TE made a complete restoration of BA blood flow. Good clinical outcomes were noted in both patients by 90th day of disease (modified Rankin scale 0-2 points). The Rivermead mobility index at discharge from hospital was 14 points, and the Bartel index by 90th day – complete independence from others in everyday life (from 90 to 100 points), and that once again indicates that TE in BAT is not only a life-saving procedure, but significantly improves functional and clinical outcomes of disease. Conclusions: basilar artery thrombosis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent reperfusion therapy as the only effective method of treatment. Endovascular treatment for basilar artery thrombosis should be considered in all patients, regardless the decrease in the level of consciousness at the onset of disease, because thrombectomy is a life-saving procedure. References 1. Reinemeyer NE, Tadi P, Lui F. Basilar Artery Thrombosis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; January 31, 2021. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532241/ 2. Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, et al. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(9): 790-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30233-3 3. Ikram A, Zafar A. Basilar Artery Infarct. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 10, 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551854/ 4. Gory B, Mazighi M, Labreuche J, et al. Predictors for Mortality after Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018; 45(1-2): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486690 5. Writing Group for the BASILAR Group, Zi W, Qiu Z, et al. Assessment of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion via a Nationwide Prospective Registry. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(5): 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0156 6. Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15(11): 1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 7. Liu Z, Liebeskind DS. Basilar Artery Occlusion and Emerging Treatments. Semin Neurol. 2021; 41(1): 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722638 8. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50(12): 344-418. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211 9. Baik SH, Park HJ, Kim JH, et al. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Subtypes of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Relationship to Recanalization Rate and Clinical Outcome. Radiology. 2019; 291(3): 730-737. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019181924 10. Weber R, Minnerup J, Nordmeyer H, et al. Thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke: differences in procedures and outcome compared to anterior circulation stroke in the prospective multicentre REVASK registry. Eur J Neurol. 2019; 26(2): 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13809 11. Kang DH, Jung C, Yoon W, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7(14): 009419. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009419 12. Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19(2): 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30395-3 13. Potter JK, Clemente JD, Asimos AW. Hyperdense basilar artery identified on unenhanced head CT in three cases of pediatric basilar artery occlusion. Am J Emerg Med. 2021; 42: 221-224.
Abstract: Lesions of the LCA stem are found in 2,5-4 % of patients with coronary heart disease who endured coronography, and are accompanied by more severe symptomatology, higher morbidity and mortality rates, and difficulty of radical correction. According to the generally accepted guidelines, the operation of coronary artery bypass has up to now been a method of choice in treatment of the LCA stem. Nevertheless, endovascular methods of treatment for LCA stem lesions have relatively long been used, while implementation into clinical practice of drug-eluding stents has considerably improved the remote outcomes, which made it possible to consider LCA stem stenting as a real alternative to ACB. Hence, the problem concerning indications for and contraindications to LCA stem stenting remains unsolved today. We retrospectively analysed a total of 75 endovascular interventions on the LCA stem in 67 patients, with an isolated lesion of the LCA stem being found only in 7,4 % of the patients. 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Abstract: One of the most significant problems in interventional cardiology is a correct drug-support after held procedure. First of all it is the prevention of stent thrombosis - application of anticoagulants and antiaggregants. The variety of these drugs on sale constantly grows - that leads to have clear ideas of their properties. Article presents the review of clinical researches devoted to the recently appeared and early not used in Russia, drug Angioks (Bivalirudin), which has the same efficiency as well-known drugs, but is more safe. References 1. Maraganore J.M., Bourdon P., Jablonski J., Ramachandran K.L., Fenton J.W. 2nd. Design and characterization of hirulogs: a novel class of bivalent peptide inhibitors of thrombin. Biochemistry. 1990; 29(30): 7095-101. 2. Bates S.M., Weitz J.I. Direct thrombin inhibitors for treatment of arterial thrombosis: potential differences between bivalirudin and hirudin. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998; 82(8B): 12P-18P. Review. 3. Sciulli T.M., Mauro V.F. Pharmacology and clinical use of bivalirudin. Ann. Pharmacother. 2002; 36(6): 1028-41. Review. 4. Topol E.J., Bonan R., Jewitt D., Sigwart U., Kakkar V.V., Rothman M., de Bono D., Ferguson J., Willerson J.T., Strony J., et al. Use of a direct antithrombin, hirulog, in place of heparin during coronary angioplasty. Circulation. 1993; 87(5): 1622-1629. 5. Bates E.R. Bivalirudin: an anticoagulant option for percutaneous coronary intervention. Expert. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 2004; 2(2): 153-62. Review. 6. Bittl J.A., Strony J., Brinker J.A., Ahmed W.H., Meckel C.R., Chaitman B.R., Maraganore J., Deutsch E., Adelman B. Treatment with bivalirudin (Hirulog) as compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina. Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 333(12): 764-9. 7. Bittl J.A., Chaitman B.R., Feit F., Kimball W., Topol E.J. Bivalirudin versus heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina: Final report reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study. Am. Heart. J.2001;142(6): 952-9. 8. Lincoff A.M., 9. Lincoff A.M., Bittl J.A., Harrington R.A., Feit F., Kleiman N.S., Jackman J.D., Sarembock I.J., Cohen D.J., Spriggs D., Ebrahimi R., Keren G., Carr J., Cohen E.A., Betriu A., Desmet W., Kereiakes D.J., Rutsch W., Wilcox R.G., de Feyter P.J., Vahanian A., Topol E.J. REPLACE-2 Investigators. Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA. 2003; 289(7):853-63. Erratum in: JAMA. 2003; 289(13):1638. 10. Gibson C.M., Morrow D.A., Murphy 11. Pinto D.S., Stone G.W., Shi C., et al. on behalf of the ACUITY Investigators. Economic evaluation of bivalirudin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition versus heparin with routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition for early invasive management of acute coronary syndromes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008; 25: 1758-1768. 12. Kastrati A., Neumann F.J., Schulz S., Massberg S. et al. Abciximab and heparin versus bivalirudin for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 365: 21: 1980-1989. 13. Stone G.W., Witzenbichler B., Guagliumi G., Peruga J.Z., Brodie B.R., Dudek D., Kornowski R., Hartmann F., Gersh B.J., Pocock S.J., Dangas G., Wong S.C., Kirtane A.J., Parise H., Mehran R. HORIZONS-AMI Trial Investigators. Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358(21): 2218-30. 14. Mahaffey K.W., Lewis B.E., Wildermann N.M., Berkowitz S.D., Oliverio R.M., Turco M.A., Shalev Y., Ver Lee P., Traverse J.H., Rodriguez A.R., Ohman E.M., Harrington R.A., Califf R.M. ATBAT Investigators. The anticoagulant therapy with bivalirudin to assist in the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (ATBAT) study: main results. J. Invasiv. Cardiol. 2003; 15(11): 611-6. 15. Waksman R., Wolfram R.M., Torguson R.L., Okubagzi P., Xue Z., Suddath W.O., Satler L.F., Kent K.M. Switching from Enoxaparin to Bivalirudin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST-segment Elevation who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Results from SWITCH- a multicenter clinical trial. J. Invasiv. Cardiol. 2006; 18(8): 370-5. 16. Andreas Koster, Bruce Spiess, Michael Jurmann, MD, Cornelius M. Dyke, Nicholas G. Smedira, MD, Sol Aronson and Michael A. Lincoff. Bivalirudin Provides Rapid, Effective, and Reliable Anticoagulation During Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization: Results of the «EVOLUTION OFF» Trial. Anesth Analg. 2006; 103(3): 540-4.
