Abstract:

Introduction: intramural hematoma of the aortic wall is a component of acute aortic syndrome, and is also considered a precursor of aortic dissection. Due to peculiarities of the natural course, there are significant disagreements in choosing the optimal strategy for the treatment of intramural hematoma.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of a differential tactical approach to the treatment of acute intramural aortic hematoma in various situations.

Material and methods: two clinical cases demonstrate different approaches to the treatment of intramural aortic hematoma.

Results: in given clinical examples, a conservative tactics of managing patients with intramural hematoma of the aorta "watch and wait" was applied. However, in the first case, an emergency surgical intervention was required, due to the complicated course of the disease, according to dynamic studies. The second case demonstrated the acceptability of a conservative approach with long-term monitoring of the condition of the aortic wall.

Conclusions: the balance between risks of surgery and the safety of conservative therapy is the cornerstone in deciding on the optimal tactics for treating this pathology.

Abstract:

Background: mortality in polytrauma with pelvic injuries and intrapelvic bleeding remains high and can be reduced through a multidisciplinary approach to hemostasis.

Aim: was to determine possibilities and tactics of using endovascular interventions to stop intrapelvic bleeding in polytrauma with pelvic injuries.

Material and methods: a search was made for scientific articles in the PubMed database and the Scientific Electronic Library (eLIBRARY.ru), published from 2017 to 2021. Transcatheter embolization of pelvic arteries is an effective method for stopping intrapelvic bleeding and is indicated for detecting extravasation of contrast in computed tomography and angiography. In patients with unstable hemodynamics, embolization can be used if it is possible to perform it no later than 30-60 minutes after the detection of intrapelvic bleeding. Resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta can serve as an important component of the damage control strategy and a bridge to the application of methods for the final control of abdominal and intrapelvic bleeding in patients with unstable hemodynamics and systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm hg.

Conclusion: methods of endovascular surgery do not oppose and do not exclude the use of extraperitoneal pelvic packing and/or external fixation of the pelvis to stop intrapelvic bleeding in case of polytrauma. The choice of methods of hemostasis and the algorithm for their application are determined by the degree of hemodynamic disturbances, the presence of combined injuries, the data of radiation diagnostics, and the technical and logistical resources of the trauma center.

Abstract:

Aim: was to compare results of using of direct stenting and coronary artery stenting after pre-dilation (CSaPD) in STEMI patients with occlusive coronary artery thrombosis in terms of frequency of no-reflow syndrome and adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during in-hospital period.

Material and methods: study included 620 patients with acute myocardial infarction with elevation of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram and occlusive thrombosis of the infarct-dependent coronary artery, who successfully underwent endovascular revascularization by stenting. The CSaPD group included 297 patients who underwent stenting after a preliminary balloon angioplasty. The direct stenting group consisted of 323 patients who underwent stenting without prior dilation. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of no-reflow syndrome, secondary endpoints were cardiac death, certain stent thrombosis, recurrence of myocardial infarction, as well as the combined MACE point. Patients of both groups were monitored during in-hospital period.

Results: there were no significant differences between the groups of CSaPD and direct stenting in main clinical-demographic and clinical-angiographic indicators, with the exception of the average length of hospitalization (11 [8;12] vs 8 [7;9], respectively, p = 0,04). Endpoint analysis revealed differences in the incidence of no-reflow syndrome (34 (11,45%) vs 9 (2,79%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,03), cardiac death (31 (10,44%) vs 7 (2,17%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,04), as well as the combined MACE point (37 (12,46%) vs 8 (2,48%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,02).

Conclusion: in STEMI patients with occlusive coronary artery thrombosis, direct stenting of the infarct-dependent artery during the restoration of coronary blood flow to TIMI I after passage of coronary guide-wire, significantly reduces the incidence of no-reflow syndrome (34 (11,45%) vs 9 (2,79%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting, respectively, p = 0,03) and cardiac death (31 (10,44%) vs 7 (2,17%) in the CSaPD and direct stenting groups, respectively, p = 0,04).

Abstract:

Introduction: one of directions in development of intravascular diagnostic methods is creation of stations or development of methods that allow combining or uniting possibilities of different modalities. This approach makes it possible to overcome limitations inherent in each method of invasive vascular diagnostics, including angiography. This work is devoted to the analysis of possibilities and first results of using the SyncVision station (Philips Volcano), which allows, in various combinations, to carry out joint registration of angiography data, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and instantaneous blood flow reserve (iFR) in various combinations - a non-hyperemic version of fractional flow reserve study.

Aim: was to describe possibilities provided by the use of joint recording of data from angiography, IVUS and real-time instantaneous blood flow reserve, the technique for performing these procedures, as well as to analyze the application of these methods in a department with a large volume of intravascular studies.

Material and methods: the first experience in Russian Federation of the clinical use of the SyncVision station, which is an addition to the s5i intravascular ultrasound system (Philips Volcano), is presented. The station allows you to implement five options that expand the operator's ability to analyze study data and develop a treatment strategy directly at the operating table: co-registration of angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data; co-registration of angiography data and instantaneous flow reserve (iFR); triple co-registration - angiography, IVUS and iFR; modification of the program for the quantitative calculation of coronary artery stenosis (QCA); real-time image enhancement software for interventional devices.

Results: studies using co-registration with angiography accounted for 21% of all IVUS procedures and 62,4% of iFR procedures. In 67,3% of all studies with angio-IVUS co-registration, the indication for this diagnostic variant was an extended lesion of artery, which required clarification of length of stenotic area, localization of reference segments, and diameter of artery at different levels. In 30 of these patients, triple co-registration was performed. To clarify the hemodynamic significance of lesion with an angiographically indeterminate or borderline picture, co-registration was performed in 13,2% of all cases, to study a bifurcation lesion with a significant difference in the reference segments and angiographically difficult to determine the entry of lateral branch - in 7,3%.

Based on results of triple co-registration, the decision to perform surgical treatment was made in 30 out of 42 patients (71,4%).

Conclusion: joint registration of IVUS data, coronary angiography, and instantaneous flow reserve (iFR) in real time, forms a new diagnostic modality that significantly expands possibilities of intraoperative examination and affects the planning or analysis of intervention results.

Abstract:

Introduction: in recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTO), contralateral injection is the most important stage, significantly increasing chance of technical success and reducing the incidence of complications.

Materials and methods: 60-year old male patients, with angina pectoris, 3 functional class. After the examination, decision was made to conduct coronary angiography. According to coronarography, occlusion of proximal third of right coronary artery (RCA) was revealed, with collateral filling from the left coronary artery (LCA) R2 and the development of collaterals CC0. According to the scintigraphy data, a «viable myocardium» was detected behind the occlusion zone. Patient underwent mechanical recanalization of RCA with contralateral contrast-agent injection, balloon angioplasty, drug-eluting stents (DES) 3,5?38 mm and 3,5?24 mm were sequentially implanted with a good angiographic result.

Result: contralateral contrast-agent injection during this recanalization helped to avoid complications associated with perforation of lateral branches and greatly facilitated the positioning of guidewire into true lumen of artery. Patient continued military service under the contract.

Conclusion: in case of proper examination, management, and selection of patients, recanalization of chronic occlusion can significantly improve patient's quality of life. It is worth noting that for many patients, social indications are also important, such as the possibility to continue military service or work in a specialty. However, medical indications should be considered first, since unjustified recanalization of chronic occlusion will not improve patient's condition, and a number of serious complications may occur during the operation.

Abstract:

Introduction: coronavirus (COVID) pandemic has caused temporary changes in work algorithms of different hospitals, that have not previously provided care for infectious patients. However, the consequences of COVID go beyond infectious pathology. Widespread use of therapeutic doses of anticoagulants as a necessary treatment option and resistant to treatment, cough as a typical symptom, led to an increase in spontaneous ruptures of epigastric arteries with hematomas of abdominal wall, which was an undesirable complication of the main disease.

Aim: was to demonstrate possibilities of endovascular methods in treatment of patients with spontaneous rupture of epigastric arteries on the background of COVID-19 and anticoagulant therapy.

Material and methods: at joinant infectious hospital, inpatient care was provided to 421 patients with coronavirus infection. At the same time, during treatment 9 patients had hematomas of abdominal wall and two of them had spontaneous rupture of rectus abdominis muscle and branches of inferior epigastric artery were damaged. In this article, we present both observations demonstrating the potential of endovascular surgery in treatment of such lesions in patients with COVID-19. Both patients, on the 6 and 10th day of inpatient treatment (severity of lung involvement was Grade 1 and Grade 2) during intense coughing, noted pain and swelling of anterior abdominal wall, accompanied by clinical and laboratory signs of blood loss. Computed tomography angiography (CT-A) revealed extravasation from small branches of inferior epigastric artery with an extensive hematoma that spread into the retroperitoneal space. In a hybrid operating room, a selective embolization of inferior (in one case, due to the high localization of the hematoma, inferior and superior) epigastric artery with an adhesive composition (N-butyl cyanoacrylate with iodolipol) was performed with successful angiographic and clinical results. Patients were discharged without complications on the 7th and 9th days of the postoperative period.

Conclusion: timely CT-diagnostic of severe bleeding, even in cases with atypical localization, and its management by selective embolization of damaged artery is the basis in treatment of spontaneous (cough-associated) ruptures of rectus abdominis muscle in patients with new coronavirus infection.

Abstract:

Introduction: dextrocardia - is a congenital heart disease, in which the heart is located in right half of chest. Incidence of ischemic heart disease in patients with dextrocardia is unknown, but some authors write that it is the same as in the general population. Guiding principles of endovascular treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries, consider dualcatheter angiography to be an obligatory option for successful recanalization.

Aim: was to estimate possibilities of DRON-access and various radial accesses in treatment of multivessel disease in a patient with dextrocardia, severe comorbidity, and single vascular access.

Material and methods: we present case report of a 63-year-old female patient, who previously had ischemic stroke with tleft-sided hemiplegia; she was examined before surgery for instability of the prosthesis of right hip joint. Coronary angiography through traditional radial access revealed multivessel lesions of coronary arteries: chronic total occlusion (CTO) of right coronary artery, stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in proximal and distal third; eccentric circumflex artery (Cx) stenosis. Further examination revealed: severe spastic paralysis of left hand, occlusion of left common femoral artery, chronic osteomyelitis of right leg with suppuration.

Medical consilium decided to perform staged endovascular revascularization of the myocardium.

For this purpose, to provide access for double-catheter recanalization of CTO and subsequent interventions, DRON-access (Distal radial and Radial One-handed accesses for interventions iN chronic occlusions of coronary arteries) and various radial accesses were used.

Results: at the first stage, using DRON-access, we performed double-catheter angiography and CTO recanalization of right coronary artery (RCA) with stenting. At the second stage, through traditional radial access, we performed angioplasty and stenting of LAD at two levels. After 3 months, control coronary angiography was performed through distal radial access: implanted stents had no signs of restenosis, there was no progression of atherosclerotic process. Patient was discharged to prepare for correction of instability of right hip joint prosthesis.

Conclusions: patients with severe and variable comorbidities require not only a multidisciplinary approach, but also, in various of clinical situations, need personalized approach. The use of DRON-access may allow operators to perform endovascular intervention using double-catheter angiography even in patients with single vascular access, which meets modern criteria for providing care for chronic coronary artery occlusions.

Abstract:

Introduction: although great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases, malignant tumors still remain among the leading death causes globally. Thus, improving diagnostic methods, as well as predicting response to cancer treatment is a relevant clinical medicine problem.

Aim: was to study the role of radiomics and radiogenomics in the diagnosis, clinical prognosis and treatment response assessment in oncological diseases on the basis of available scientific information sources.

Material and methods: analysis of 55 domestic and foreign literature sources. Images obtained by the methods of diagnostic radiology (CT, MRI, PET) represent the phenotypic manifestation substrate of malignant tumors and can be correlated with the expression profiles of certain genes.

Malignant tumors radiomics and radiogenomics involves the search for correlations of visualization quantitative signs with a genomic signature using computer algorithms for data analysis. The ultimate goal of this process is to establish a link between imaging features, tumor molecular genetic characteristics and treatment response assessment.

Conclusion: numerous studies illustrate the possibility of involving radiomics and radiogenomics in all stages of oncological care, from diagnosis to therapeutic response evaluation and relapse risk assessment in a particular patient, which contributes to a personalized approach in oncology and clinical decision-making system implementation.

Abstract:

Aim: was to study the impact of angiographic projection on patient and operator radiation dose during endovascular interventions aimed at diagnosing and treating cerebrovascular diseases.

Materials and methods: in experiment, radiation dose rate of phantom model (cGy?cm²/s) and equivalent dose rate from scattered radiation (mSv/h) measured in the area of conditional location of operator were studied when the angle of the X-ray tube was changed in modes of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and fluoroscopy. Radiation dose rate of endovascular surgeon (mSv/h) was assessed during 12 cerebral angiography procedures and 15 neuro-interventions in general angiographic projections. Values of the kerma-area product (Gy?cm²), fluoroscopy time (min), operator exposure dose (µSv) during 87 procedures of endovascular occlusion of aneurysm of cavernous and supraclinoid sections of internal carotid arteries (ICA) were retrospectively analyzed to indirectly assess the effect of angiographic projection on patient and surgeon occupational dose. Interventions were divided into 2 groups depending on the location of detected aneurysm. The 1st group included 35 operations in the right ICA, the 2nd group included 53 operations in the left ICA.

Results: in experimental study, highest values of radiation dose rate of the phantom model were found in frontal projection with cranial angulation, lowest - in lateral and oblique projections; The highest average dose rates from scattered radiation in operator's area were found in left lateral projections whereas the smallest in right lateral projection in DSA mode and also in frontal and right lateral projections in fluoroscopy mode.

When studying doses of scattered radiation during neuro-interventional procedures, it was found that when the position of the X-ray tube changes from 0° in the direction of left lateral projection, an increase in the average dose rate of the operator in the DSA mode is up to 2,6 times, with fluoroscopy - up to 2,4 times. The equivalent dose rate in left lateral projection is up to 1.5 times higher than in right lateral projection. In left oblique projection, there is an increase in dose rate up to 2,3 times compared to right oblique projection.When comparing radiation exposure indicators during aneurysm embolization procedures, a significant increase in operator exposure doses is observed in group of interventions in the left ICA.

Conclusion: when performing neuro-interventional procedures, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in radiation exposure to patient and operator without a significant loss in image quality along with maintaining optimal visualization of pathological changes by choosing angiographic projections with lower radiation doses.

Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of delayed endovascular treatment without stent implantation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) caused by massive thrombotic load and ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery.

Material and methods: out of 4263 primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed for STEMI for the period from January 2016 to September 2021, retrospective analysis included data of 21 patients with ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery and massive thrombotic load (TTG ? 3).

Results: method of delayed endovascular treatment, without stent implantation, in STEMI caused by massive thrombotic load and ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery, allowed to significantly improve parameters of epicardial coronary blood flow according to  TIMI and CFTC scales in 71% and 67% of examined patients (p <0,001, p=0,001); increase myocardial perfusion according to MBG in 62% of patients (p=0,001); reduce the severity of thrombotic load according to TTG scale in 71% of the subjects (p=0,001).

Conclusion: in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction caused by massive thrombotic load and ectasia of infarct-related coronary artery, the strategy of delayed endovascular treatment with-out stent implantation is safe and effective at the hospital stage.

Abstract:

Introduction: the importance of intravascular diagnostic methods and the frequency of their use in clinical practice is steadily increasing. However, in the Russian Federation, studies on the analysis of possibilities of intravascular imaging or physiology are sporadic, and statistical data are presented only in very generalized form. This makes it relevant to create a specialized register dedicated to these diagnostic methods.

Aim: was to present the structure, tasks and possibilities of the Russian registry for the use of intravascular imaging and physiology based on results of the first year of its operation.

Material and methods: In total, in 2021, forms were filled out for 2632 studies in 1356 patients.

Studies included all types of intravascular imaging and physiology - intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, measurement of fractional flow reserve and non-hyperemic indices.

The registry's web-based data platform includes 14 sections and 184 parameters to describe all possible scenarios for applying these methodologies. Data entry is possible both from a stationary computer and from mobile devices, and takes no more than one minute per study. Received material is converted into Excel format for further statistical processing.

Results: 13 departments participated in the register, while the share of the eight most active ones accounted for 97,5% of all entered forms. On average, 1.9 studies per patient were performed, with fluctuations between clinics from 1,6 to 2,9. Studies of the fractional flow reserve accounted for 40% of total data array, intravascular ultrasound - 37%, optical coherence tomography - 23%. Of all studies, 80% were performed on coronary arteries for chronic coronary artery disease, 18% - for acute coronary syndrome, 2% were studies for non-coronary pathology. In 41% of cases, studies were performed at the diagnostic stage, without subsequent surgery. In 89,6% of cases, this was due to the detection of hemodynamically insignificant lesions, mainly by means of physiological assessment. In 72% of cases, the use of intravascular imaging or physiology methods directly influenced the tactics or treatment strategy - from deciding whether to perform surgery or not to choose the optimal size of instruments or additional manipulations to optimize the outcome of the intervention. In the clinics participating in the register, the equipment of all major manufacturers represented on the Russian market was used.

Conclusions: the design of the online registry database is convenient for data entry. Participation in the registry of most departments that actively and systematically use methods of intravascular imaging and physiology ensured the representativeness of obtained data for analysis in interests of both practical medicine and industry, as well as for scientific research in the field of intravascular imaging and physiology. The register has great potential for both quantitative and qualitative improvement.

Abstract:

Introduction: pathological tortuosity of internal carotid arteries (ICA) is widespread; its frequency in population varies within 18-34%. Currently, there are several approaches for the determination of indications for surgical intervention in pathological ICA tortuosity. The main criteria are hemodynamic changes in the arterial flow and the presence of neurological symptoms, so an informative preoperative examination is an integral part in treatment strategy determination in patients' subsequent treatment.

Aim: was to estimate the condition of carotid arteries and substance of the brain in isolated pathological tortuosity and in combination with stenotic lesions, based on results of CT angiography.

Materials and methods: we analyzed results of examination and treatment of 70 patients. Ultrasound and CT angiography of brachiocephalic arteries were performed on a Philips iCT 256-slice multislice computed tomograph. During CT angiography, a non-contrast study, arterial and venous phases of contrast enhancement were performed with an intravenous bolus injection of 50.0 ml of isoosmolar iodinated contrast-agent at 4-5 ml/sec.

Patients were divided into two groups: patients with isolated pathological carotid tortuosity (28 pts) and patients with a combination of carotid tortuosity and stenotic lesions (42 pts). We assessed the effect of carotid tortuosity on the severity of the brain tissue alterations using statistical analysis.

Results: a lesser severity of changes in the substance of the brain was noted in patients in the group with isolated pathological tortuosity of ICA. In 9 cases, we did not detect focal lesions; in 15 cases, small foci of microangiopathy and individual cerebrospinal fluid cysts were noted, in 4 patients, we noted areas and zones of cystic-glial changes. S- and C-shaped deformation became the most frequent variants of tortuosity; the formation of 3 saccular aneurysms (two true and one false) was revealed.

Manifestations of ischemic damage of the brain substance in the group of patients with a combination of ICA tortuosity and stenotic lesion were more pronounced. Thus, in 11 cases, zones and areas of cystic-glial changes were determined within the framework of past cerebrovascular accidents; in 20 patients, foci of microangiopathy expressed in varying degrees, as well as individual cerebrospinal fluid cysts, were noted. In 11 cases, no focal lesions were detected in the brain.

Statistical processing showed a correlation between the condition of carotid arteries and the presence of focal brain damage - in the group with combination of pathological tortuosity and stenosis of ICA, more pronounced chronic ischemic brain damage was detected (p=0,012).

Conclusion: CT-angiography was noted to be highly informative in assessment of condition of carotid arteries and brain substance in patients with isolated pathological tortuosity, as well as in combination with a stenotic lesion of internal carotid arteries. With a combination of pathological tortuosity and a stenosis in internal carotid arteries, data were obtained on a more pronounced damage of the brain substance. According to computed tomography, clinical manifestations of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency were generally more pronounced compared to changes in the brain substance. However, there was a correlation between the increase in the degree of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and the aggravation of the state of the brain substance.

Abstract:

Introduction: percutaneous coronary intervention plays an important role in treatment of acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. However, the benefit of performing delayed PCI is controversial (>12h after onset of symptoms typical for STEMI).

Aim: was to compare results of PCI and medical therapy (MT) in patients, who had been admitted to the hospital with verified STEMI, diagnosed 12 hours after the onset of symptoms, and to estimate their effect on clinical outcomes.

Material and methods: data of 100 patients was analyzed, PCI was performed in 62 patients and 38 patients underwent medical therapy. The task was to compare clinical outcomes, which included mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results: all-cause mortality in groups of delayed PCI and MT was 4 (6,45%) and 9 (23,6%) respectively (p <0,05). It was also recorded that minor cases of cardiac death occurred in the group of delayed PCI in comparison with the MT group, 1 (1,6%) and 6 (15,7%) respectively (p <0,05).

Conclusion: delayed PCI (12 hours after the onset of the myocardial infarction in STEMI patients) leads to improvement in all-cause mortality and cardiac death rates compared with conservative treatment.

Abstract:

Article presents a retrospective analysis of using the modified way experience in removing the occlusive substrate from cerebral vessels in the ischemic stroke acute phase after failed standard thrombectomy.

Aim: to study the efficacy and advantages of thrombectomy technique from intracranial arteries in patients with acute ischemic stroke combining a stent-retriever with reperfusion catheter in comparison with the standard stent retriever thromboextraction.

Methods: we analyzed 54 hospital charts of patients who had underwent endovascular recanalization of intracranial large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into two equal groups, depending on thrombus removal method. Standard stent-retriever thrombectomy with a balloon guide-catheter was performed as the first stage in both groups. In 27 cases (1st group), after standard stent-retriever technique failed, we carried out combination of retriever extraction with distal aspiration and a guiding balloon-catheter. If we couldn’t safely insert stent-retriever into catheter of distal approach (during thrombectomy), we switched to vacuum aspiration from guiding balloon-catheter (vacuum-blocked) and removed stent-retriever, microcatheter and distal approach catheter simultaneously without reducing tension. In 27 patients (2nd group) after standard thrombectomy failed we repeated this technique several times.

Results: embolic complications relative risk was 2,249, 95% CI (1,126 - 4,492) and reperfusion mTICI 3 100% versus 74,07% rate was higher in the first group, in comparison with the second group. Other complications and hospital outcomes of disease did not differ between groups.

Conclusion: a stent retriever combined with distal aspiration and a simultaneous transition to vacuum-blocked extraction using after an unsuccessful standard thrombectomy increases the efficiency of complete reperfusion by 25%. Its use is 1,8 times safer than standard thrombectomy in terms of embolic complications.

Abstract:

Introduction: a case report of successful treatment of an extremely rare pathology (0,27-0,34%) - acute occlusion of both internal carotid arteries (ICA) is presented.

Aim: was to show possibilities of endovascular surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with bilateral acute ICA occlusion.

Materials and methods: a 38-year-old patient was hospitalized by ambulance with the diagnosis of AIS. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) revealed left ICA occlusion in the C2-C5 segment. Selective angiography of ICA was performed: right ICA - non-occlusive thrombosis C2-C3 segments; left ICA - thrombotic occlusion in C1 segment.

Results: thrombaspiration was performed from the left ICA and right ICA; full recovery of antegrade cerebral blood flow was achieved in both ICA, according to the modified treatment in cerebral infarction score (mTICI) - 3. Patient was discharged after 28 days. At the time of discharge, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 3. 6 months after discharge mRS was 1.

Conclusions: Selective angiography of both ICA in a patient with AIS enabled to detect right ICA thrombosis not detected by MCT, which in its turn changed the treatment tactics of the patient. Aspiration thromebctomy from both internal carotid arteries allowed to achiev full recovery of antergrade cerebral blood flow of both internal carotid arteries.

References

1.     The top ten cuases of death, WHO fact sheets 2020.

https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

2.     Shapoval IN, Nikitina SYu, Ageeva LI, et al. Zdravoochranenie v Rossii. 2019 [In Russ].

https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2019.pdf

3.     Aigner A, Grittner U, Rolfs A, et al. Contribution of established stroke risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults. Stroke. 2017; 48: 1744-1751.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016599

4.     Gafarova AV, Gromova EA, Panov DО, et al. Social support and stroke risk: an epidemiological study of a population aged 25-64 years in Russia/Siberia (the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program). Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2019; 11(1): 12-20 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-1-12-20

5.     Putaala J. Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults. Continuum. 2020; 26(2): 386-414.

https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000833

6.     Si Y, Xiang S, Zhang Y. et al. Clinical profile of etiological and risk factors of young adults with ischemic stroke in West China. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2020; 193.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105753

7.     Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, et al. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. The Lancet Neurology. 2018; 17(9): 790-801.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30233-3

8.     Chi X, Zhao R, Pei H, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging-documented bilateral small embolic stroke involving multiple vascular territories may indicate occult cancer: A retrospective case series and a brief review of the literature. Aging Med. 2020; 3(1): 53-59.

https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12105

9.     Dietrich U, Graf T, Sch?bitzb WR. Sudden coma from acute bilateral M1 occlusion: successful treatment with mechanical thrombectomy. Case Rep Neurol. 2014; 6: 144-148.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000362160

10.   Pop R, Manisor M, Wolff V. Endovascular treatment in two cases of bilateral ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014; 37: 829-834.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-013-0746-4

11.   Larrew T, Hubbard Z, Almallouhi E.et al. Simultaneous bilateral carotid thrombectomies: a technical note. Oper Neurosurg. 2019; 5(18): 143-148.

https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz230

12.   Storey C, Lebovitz J, Sweid A, et al. Bilateral mechanical thrombectomies for simultaneous MCA occlusions. World Neurosurg. 2019; 132: 165-168.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.236

13.   Braksick SA, Robinson CP, Wijdicks EFM. Bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion in rapid succession during thrombolysis. Neurohospitalist. 2018; 8: 102-103.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1941874417712159

14.   Jeromel M, Milosevic Z, Oblak J. Mechanical recanalization for acute bilateral cerebral artery occlusion - literature overview with a case. Radiology and Oncology. 2020; 54(2): 144-148.

https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0017

Abstract:

Introduction: half-year data on results of using new domestic NanoMed devices for closing atrial septal defects (ASD) were obtained. The occluder is a nitinol self-expanding and self-centering double disc device with a polyester membrane.

Aim: was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new domestic occluder for closing of atrial septal defect in a small group of patients over a 6-month follow-up period.

Material and methods: four pediatric patients underwent closure of atrial septal defects with domestic NanoMed occluders. Clinical examination and transthoracic echocardiography were performed at 24 hours, 1, 3, and 6 months. Endpoints included technical success of intervention, efficacy and safety of the procedure at follow-up instrumentation and physical examination.

Results: the average age of patients was 5,2 years (range 4 to 7 years). Mean ASD diameters and device waist sizes were 11,9 ± 1,2 mm and 13,7 ± 1,2 mm and 13,7 ± 1,2 mm, respectively. Technical and procedural success achieved in 100% of cases. During the six-month follow-up, no adverse events and residual flows were identified.

Conclusion: initial half-year data on the absence of adverse events and residual flows indicate the safety and effectiveness of the use of NanoMed occluders.

References

1.     Stout K, Daniels C, Aboulhosn J, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73(12): 1494-1563.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1028

2.     Pettersen MD, Du W, Skeens ME, Humes RA. Regression equations for calculation of z scores of cardiac structures in a large cohort of healthy infants, children, and adolescents: an echocardiographic study. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2008; 21(8): 922-934.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2008.02.006

3.     Gillespie MJ, Javois AJ, Moore P, et al. Use of the GORE CARDIOFORM septal occluder for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects: results of the multicenter U.S. IDE trial. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2020; 95(7): 1296-1304.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28814

4.     Sharifi M, Burks J. Efficacy of clopidogrel in the treatment of post-ASD closure migraines. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004; 63: 255.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.20144

Abstract:

Aim: was to develop a score scale for the prediction of complete tumor necrosis to assess the potential effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation of colorectal cancer focals in liver, on the base of results of the use of radiological diagnostic methods.

Materials and methods: a comparative analysis of results of radiological diagnosis of solitary colorectal cancer metastases in liver was carried out in 51 patients, depending on their characteristics before and at different times after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

The survey and interventions were carried out between 2014 and 2020 in accordance with standards of treatment approved in Belarus. Ultrasound and CT with bolus contrast enhancement were used as radiation diagnostic methods.

The initial morphological parameters of tumor focals were evaluated according to results of ultrasound examination. CT with bolus contrast was used to control the effectiveness of RFA (determining the frequency of complete tumor necrosis): on the day of discharge of patients from the hospital, after 1 month, and then - once every 3 months (quarterly) during the year.

Results: the dependence of the effectiveness of RFA (frequency of complete tumor necrosis) on initial characteristics of solitary focals of colorectal cancer in liver was revealed and confirmed by results of a comparative statistical analysis. On the basis of obtained data, a score scale for predicting the effectiveness of RFA was developed and validated. The sensitivity of the new technique was 80,0%; specificity - 82,9%.

Conclusion: for the first time, a scale for the prediction of complete tumor necrosis was developed to assess the potential effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation of solitary colorectal cancer focals in liver.

ROC-analysis of the scale validation results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the model are sufficient for its application in practice: 80,0% and 82,93%, respectively.

References

1.     Hideo T, Eren B. Role of thermal ablation in the management of colorectal liver metastasis. Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2020; 9(1): 49-58.

https://doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2019.06.08

2.     Machi J, Oishi AJ, Nancy LF, Robert HO. Sonographically guided radio frequency thermal ablation for unresectable recurrent tumors in the retroperitoneum and the pelvis. J. Ultrasound. Med. 2003; 22(5): 507-13.

https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2003.22.5.507

3.     Furrukh J, Cameron S, Iswanto S. The use of thermal ablation in the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis-proper selection and application of technology. Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2021; 10(2): 279-280.

https://doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-21-54

4.     Vasiniotis KN, Kaye EA, Sofocleous CT. Image-Guided Thermal Ablation for Colorectal Liver Metastases. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2020; 23(2): 100672.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvir.2020.100672

5.     Rafael D-N, Stephen F, Hassan M, Graeme P. Defining the Optimal Use of Ablation for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to the Liver Without High-Level Evidence. Curr. Treat. Options. Oncol. 2017; 18(2): 8.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-017-0452-6

6.     Мурашко К.Л., Сорокин В.Г., Громов Д.Г. Методы локального воздействия на очаговые образования печени, применяемые в онкорадиологии. Диагностическая и интервенционная радиология. 2020;14: 60-66.

Murashko KL, Sorokin VG, Gromov DG. Metody lokal'nogo vozdejstviya na ochagovye obrazovaniya pecheni, primenyaemye v onkoradiologii. Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya. 2020; 14: 60-66 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.25512/DIR.2020.14.2.07

7.     Binbin J, Hongjie L, Kun Y, Zhongyi Z. Ten-Year Outcomes of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases in Perivascular vs. Non-Perivascular Locations: A Propensity-Score Matched Study. Front. Oncol. 2020; 16(10): 553556.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.553556

8.     Lu DSK, Steven SR, Limanond P, et al. Influence of large peritumoral vessels on outcome of radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2003; 14(10): 1267-74.

https://doi.org/10.1097/01.rvi.0000092666.72261.6b

9.     Lu DS, et al. Effect of vessel size on creation of hepatic radiofrequency lesions in pigs: Assessment of the “heat sink” effect. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002; 178: 47-51.

https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.1.1780047

10.   You L, Hui H, Ziwei W, et al. Evaluation of models for predicting the probability of malignancy in patients with pulmonary nodules. Biosci. Rep. 2020; 28; 40(2): BSR20193875.

https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20193875

11.   Wang QQ, Yu SC, Qi X, et al. Overview of logistic regression model analysis and application. Zhonghua Yu. Fang. Yi. Xue. Za. Zhi. 2019; 6; 53(9): 955-960.

https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.09.018

12.   Adina NK, Trevor C, Ruwanthi K-D. Time-dependent ROC curve analysis in medical research: current methods and applications. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2017; 17(1): 53.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0332-6

13.   Nakas CT, Reiser B. Editorial for the special issue of “Statistical Methods in Medical Research” on “Advanced ROC analysis”. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2018; 27(3): 649-650.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280217742536

14.   Xieling C, Haoran X, Fu L, et al. A bibliometric analysis of natural language processing in medical research. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 2018; 18(1): 14.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0594-x

15.   Young C, Soung WJ, Jae YJ, Yong JK. Recent Updates of Transarterial Chemoembolilzation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020; 31; 21(21): 8165.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218165

16.   Riccardo L. Loco-regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2010; 52(2): 762-73.

https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23725

17.   Hinshaw JL, Lubner MG, Ziemlewicz TJ, et al. Percutaneous tumor ablation tools: microwave, radiofrequency, or cryoablation - what should you use and why? Radiographics. 2014; 34(5): 1344-62.

https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.345140054

18.   Pierre A, Roberto LC, Guillaume K, et al. Percutaneous tumor ablation. Presse. Med. 2019; 48(10): 1146-1155.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2019.10.011

19.   Fan Z, Hongying S, Xiangjun H, et al. Tumor Thermal Ablation Enhancement by Micromaterials. Curr. Drug. Deliv. 2017; 14(3): 323-333.

https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201813666160108114208

20.   Mehta A, Oklu R, Sheth RA. Thermal Ablative Therapies and Immune Checkpoint Modulation: Can Locoregional Approaches Effect a Systemic Response? Gastroenterol. Res. Pract. 2016; 9251375.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9251375

Abstract:

Aim: was to assess the frequency, predominant localization and severity of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries according to multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with suspicion on coronary heart disease (CHD).

Materials and methods: analysis of results of CT of coronary arteries (CT-CA) was carried out in 1590 patients. The average age was 53,9 ± 10,7 years. The number of men was 1133 (71,3%). Studies were carried out on 64- and 256-slice CT scanners.

Results: in patients with suspicion on coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries (CA) were not detected in 582 (36,6%) cases. Minimal and initial CA stenoses were observed in 80 (5%) and 416 (26,2%) patients, respectively. Moderate CA stenoses were found in 236 (14,8%) patients. Severe coronary artery stenoses were detected in 183 patients (11,5%). CA occlusions were observed in 84 (5,3%) cases. Most often, the stenotic process was detected in proximal segments of coronary arteries, in particular, in the left anterior descending artery.

Conclusions: MDCT makes it possible to determine in detail the severity and nature of atherosclerotic coronary lesions, as well as to assess the predominant location of plaques.

References

1.     Барбараш Л.С. Двадцатипятилетний итог развития кардиологии Кузбасса. Актуал. пробл. кардиол. и серд-сосуд. хир. 2016; 1: 6-13.

Barbash LS. The twenty-five-year result of the development of cardiology in Kuzbass. Actual problems of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. 2016; 1: 6-13 [In Russ].

2.     Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Flonso F, еt al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019; 139: 526-528.

3.     Островский Ю.П. и др. Сердечная недостаточность. Минск: Белорусcкая наука. 2016; 503.

Ostrovskiy YuP et al. Heart failure. Minsk: Belarusian science. 2016; 503 [In Russ].

4.     Paech DC, Weston AR. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of 64-slice or higher computed tomography angiography as an alternative to invasive coronaryangiography in the investigation of suspected coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2011; 11: 32.

5.     Hell MM, Bittner D, Schuhbaeck A, et al. Prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch coronary angiography with third-generation dual-source CT at 70 kVp tube voltage: feasibility, image quality, radiation dose, and effect of iterative reconstruction. J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr. 2014; 8(2); 418-425.

6.     Korean Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Cardiac CT. Korean J. Radiol. 2015; 16(2): 251-285.

7.     Liang J, Wang H, Hu L, et al. Diagnostic performance of 256-row detector coronary CT angiography in patients with high heart rates within a single cardiac cycle: a preliminary study. Clinikal Radiology. 2017; 72(8): 694.e7-694.e14.

8.     Терновой С.К., Веселова Т.Н. Выявление нестабильных бляшек в коронарных артериях с помощью мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии. Russ. Electr. J. Radiol. 2014; 4(1): 7-13.

Ternovoy SK, Veselova TN. MDCT in detection of unstable coronary plaques. Russ. Electr. J. Radiol. 2014; 4(1): 7-13 [In Russ].

9.     Foldyna B, Szilveszter B, Scholtz JE, et al. CAD-RADS-A New Clinical Decision Support Tool for Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography. Eur Radiol. 2018; 28(4): 1365-1372.

10.   Maroules CD, Goerne H, Abbara S, Cury RC. Improving quality and communication in cardiac imaging: the coronary artery disease reporting and data system (CAD-RADS™). Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2017; 10: 20.

11.   Ramanathan S, Al Heidous M, Alkuwari M. Coronary artery disease-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS): strengths and limitations. Clin Radiol. 2019; 74: 411-417.

12.   Basha MA, Aly SA, Ismail AA, et al. The validity and applicability of CAD-RADS in the management of patients with coronary artery disease. Insights Imaging. 2019; 10: 117.

13.   Manzke R, Grass M, Nielsen T, et al. Adaptive temporal resolution optimization in helical cardiac cone beam CT reconstruction. Med. Phys. 2003; 30: 3072-80.

14.   Lee JW, Kim JY, Han K, et al. Coronary CT Angiography CAD-RADS versus Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patients with Acute Chest Pain. Radiology. 2021.

15.   Koulaouzidis G, Powell A, McArthur T, et al. Computed tomography coronary angiography as initial work-up for unstable angina pectoris. Eur J Gen Med. 2012; 9(2): 111-117.

16.   Groothuis JG, Beek AM, Brinckman SL, et al. Low to Intermediate Probability of Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison of Coronary CT Angiography with First-Pass MR Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Radiology. 2010; 254(2): 384-392.

17.   Sultan OM, Hamed Al-obaidic LS, Abdulla DB, et al. Estimation of frequency and pretest probability of CAD in patients presenting with recent onset chest pain by multi-detector CT angiography. Egypt. J. Radiol. and Nucl Med. 2016; 47(1): 111-117.

18.   Wasilewski J, Niedziela J, Osadnik T, et al. Predominant location of coronary artery atherosclerosis in the left anterior descending artery. The impact of septal perforators and the myocardial bridging effect. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska. 2015; 12(4): 376-385.

Abstract:

Introduction: development of intravascular diagnostic methods has significantly increased the amount of information in the study of various vessels in comparison with standard angiography. Technological and software improvement of optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows expanding diagnostic capabilities and providing greater convenience for analyzing of results of this method of intravascular examination, which leads to an increase in its importance both for daily clinical practice and in scientific research.

Aim: was to describe the methodology of performing a new modification of OCT and to analyze accumulated experience, advantages and possibilities provided by this method.

Material and methods: the modern version of the complex for optical coherence tomography OPTIS allows to implement such new features as automatic indication of malapposition of stents, easy-to-perceive three-dimensional image of examination data in various versions, joint presentation (co-registration) of angiography and OCT data in real time. The first experience of clinical use of this system in the Russian Federation is presented, with an analysis of priority indications for the use of new possibilities. Using the angio-OCT-co-registration function, 309 studies of 205 arteries in 178 patients were performed, which accounted for 63,3% of all OCT procedures performed in our department. 

Results: priority indications for the use of the method were identified, which primarily include: cases of extended stenoses with an uncertainty in the hemodynamic significance of individual sections or the entire lesion as a whole; difficulties in constructing an optimal projection of the angiogram (without overlapping branches and significant shortening of the target area); bifurcation lesions; diagnostics of thrombus, dissections, plaque ruptures, severe calcification, including in acute coronary syndrome; selection of the optimal size of biodegradable scaffold and preparation of the artery for its implantation; intermediate or final control of results of coronary artery stenting. The use of co-registration of angiography and OCT contributes to a more accurate determination of the area of interest during repeated studies, which is especially important for the dynamic assessment of the patient's condition and for scientific research.

Conclusions: the development and modernization of optical coherence tomography causes an increase in its importance both in daily clinical practice and in scientific research. The possibility of spatial co-registration of OCT data with angiographic images, as well as new options for automatic processing of resulting images, including stent apposition assessment, significantly increase the operator's ability to quickly and accurately analyze examination data directly at the operating table.

References

1.     Demin VV. Clinical guide to intravascular ultrasound. Orenburg. Yuzhnyj Ural. 2005: 400 [In Russ].

2.     Raber L, Mintz GS, Koskinas KC, et al. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions. EuroIntervention. 2018; 14: 656-677.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJY18M06_011

3.     Johnson TW, Raber L, di Mario C, et al. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 2: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions. EuroIntervention. 2019; 15: 434-451.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJY19M06_02

4.     Van der Sijde JN, Guagliumi G, Sirbu V, et al. The OPTIS Integrated System: real-time, co-registration of angiography and optical coherence tomography. EuroIntervention. 2016; 12: 855-860.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV12I7A140

5.     Karanasos A, Van der Sijde JN, Ligthart J, et al. Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging with Angiographic Co-registration for the Guidance of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Radcliffe Cardiology.com. 2015. [Internet source]

6.     Demin VV, Demin DV, Seroshtanov EV, et al. Clinical issues of optical coherence tomography for coronary diagnosis. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangilogy. 2016; 44: 34-48 [In Russ].

7.     Ermolaev PA, Khramykh TP, Vyaltsin AS. Use of optical coherence tomography for intermediate coronary artery lesions. Circulation Pathology and Cardiac Surgery. 2019; 23(3): 47-56 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2019-3-47-56

8.     Onuma Y, Okamura T, Muramatsu T, et al. New implication of three-dimensional optical coherence tomography in optimising bifurcation PCI. EuroIntervention. 2015; 11: 71-74.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV11SVA15

9.     Alegr?a-Barrero E, Foin N, Chan PH, et al. Optical coherence tomography for guidance of distal cell recrossing in bifurcation stenting: choosing the right cell matters. EuroIntervention. 2012; 8: 205-213.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV8I2A34

10.   Tyczynski P, Ferrante G, Kukreja N, et al. Optical coherence tomography assessment of a new dedicated bifurcation stent. EuroIntervention. 2009; 5: 544-551.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV5I5A89

11.   Souteyrand G, Amabile N, Combaret N, et al. Invasive management without stents in selected acute coronary syndrome patients with a large thrombus burden: a prospective study of optical coherence tomography guided treatment decisions. EuroIntervention. 2015; 11: 895-904.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJY14M07_18

12.   Souteyrand G, Arbustini E, Motreff P, et al. Serial optical coherence tomography imaging of ACS-causing culprit plaques. EuroIntervention. 2015; 11: 319-324.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV11I3A59

13.   Mustafina IA, Pavlov VN, Ishmetov VSh, et al. Identification of plaque morphology in acute coronary syndrome by optical coherence tomography. Bashkortostan Medical Journal. 2017; 12; 4(70): 27-32 [In Russ].

14.   Allahwala UK, Cockburn JA, Shaw E, et al. Clinical utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the optimisation of Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold deployment during percutaneous coronary intervention. EuroIntervention. 2015; 10: 1154-1159.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV10I10A190

15.   Shugushev ZK, Maksimkin DA, Vorob'eva YuS, et al. Results of biodegradable vascular endoprotheses implantation in ischemic heart disease patients with type 2 diabetes. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 9(137): 19-24 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2016-9-19-24

16.   R?ber L, Radu MD. Optimising cardiovascular outcomes using optical coherence tomography-guided percutaneous coronary interventions. EuroIntervention. 2012; 8: 765-771.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV8I7A118

17.   Tanigawa J, Barlis P, Dimopoulos K, et al. Optical coherence tomography to assess malapposition in overlapping drug-eluting stents. EuroIntervention. 2008; 3(5): 580-583.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV3I5A104

18.   Radu M, J?rgensen E, Kelb?k H, et al. Optical coherence tomography at follow-up after percutaneous coronary intervention: relationship between procedural dissections, stent strut malapposition and stent healing. EuroIntervention. 2011; 7: 353-361.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJV7I3A60

19.   Trusov IS, Nifontov EM, Biryukov AV, et al. The use of optical coherence tomography imaging of the vascular wall of the coronary arteries before and after stenting. Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2019; 18(1): 77-85 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-1-77-85

20.   Demin VV, Galin PYu, Demin DV, et al. The comparison of intravascular ultrasound guided and angiography guided implantation of drug-eluting stents: The randomized trial ORENBURG. Part 1: Study design, direct clinical results. Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology. 2015; 9(3): 31-43 [In Russ].

21.   Demin VV, Murzajkina MM, Galin PYu, et al. Comparison between implantation of drug-eluting stents under control of intravascular ultrasound and angiography: The randomized trial ORENBURG. Part 2: The data of angiography and intravascular methods of visualization. Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology. 2016; 10(2): 31-47 [In Russ].

22.   Demin VV, Gusev SD, Murzaykina MM, et al. Immediate and early results of a clinical trial comparing different strategies of drug-eluting stents implantation under IVUS and angiographic guidance. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangilogy. 2016; 44: 49-59 [In Russ].

23.   Demin VV, Demin AV, Demin DV, et al. The drug-eluting balloons for coronary arterial restenosis: 7-year experience. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangilogy. 2016; 44: 59-71 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: it is well known that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superiority above computed tomography (CT) in identification of epileptogenic substrates due to higher resolution of images and the best differentiation between white and gray matter. But in some peculiar cases, CT can be the method of choice.

Aim: was to illustrate the role of CT in presurgical examination in children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Materials and methods: results of CT of 65 patients with focal epilepsy had been analyzed. All patients underwent multimodal presurgical examination with followed antiepileptic surgical operation and morphological analysis.  CT was performed on GE Lightspeed and Philips Ingenity Elite scanners.

Results: in presurgical period, native CT was performed in 11 (16,9%) patients and in 6 patients, structural brain changes responsible for epilepsy were identified. In 13 patients (20%) we’ve used CT angiography for estimation of angio-architectonic environment in the area of potential surgical intervention and in case of suspicion on arteriovenous malformation (AVM). CT on the 1st day of post-operative period was made in 48 (73,8%) of patients, and in 2 cases CT revealed structural changes that influenced further treatment tactics. At the background of exacerbation in 3 patients, repeated CT revealed sings of acute disorders of cerebrospinal fluid cirdulation.

Conclusion: computed tomography can be an effective diagnostic method in examination of patients with epilepsy, especially when verifying bone and vascular (CT-angiography) changes, is used for neuronavigation to control the position of invasive electrodes and exclude post-implantation hemorrhages, and also helps to identify early postoperative complications, thus influencing tactics and outcomes of surgical treatment of epilepsy. In children with focal epilepsy undergoing surgical treatment, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are complementary studies that provide adequate neuroradiological support.

References

1.     Fitsiori A, Hiremath SB, Boto J, et al. Morphological and Advanced Imaging of Epilepsy: Beyond the Basics. Children. 2019; 6(3): 43.

https://doi.org/10.3390/children6030043

2.     Baumgartner C, Koren JP, Britto-Arias M, et al. Presurgical epilepsy evaluation and epilepsy surgery. F1000Research. 2019; 8.

https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17714.1

3.     Skjei KL, Dlugos DJ. The evaluation of treatment-resistant epilepsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2011; 18: 150-170.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2011.06.002

4.     Middlebrooks EH, Ver Hoef L, Szaflarski JP. Neuroimaging in Epilepsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017; 17(4): 32.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-017-0746-x

5.     Takanashi J. MRI and CT in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Nihon Rinsho. 2014; 72(5): 819-26.

6.     Полянская М.В., Демушкина А.А., Костылев Ф.А. и др. Возможности режима SWI в магнитно-резонансной нейровизуализации у детей с фокальной эпилепсией. Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2020; 12(2): 105-116.

Polyanskaya MV, Demushkina AA, Kostylev FA, et al. The role of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in neuroimaging in children with focal epilepsy. Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions. 2020; 12(2): 105-116 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2020.025

7.     Cendes F, Theodore WH, Brinkmann BH, et al. Neuroimaging of epilepsy. Handbook of Clin. Neurol. 2016; 136: 985-1014.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53486-6.00051-X

8.     Roy T, Pandit A. Neuroimaging in epilepsy. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2011; 14(2): 78.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.82787

9.     Lapalme-Remis S, Cascino GD. Imaging for Adults With Seizures and Epilepsy. Continuum. 2016; 22(5): 1451-1479.

https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000370

10.   Duncan JS. Brain imaging in epilepsy. Practical Neurology. 2018: 002180.

https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002180

11.   Tranvinh E, Lanzman B, Provenzale J, Wintermark M. Imaging Evaluation of the Adult Presenting With New-Onset Seizure. Am J Roentgenol. 2019; 212(1): 15-25.

https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.18.20202

12.   Lompo DL, Diallo O, Dao BA, et al. Etiologies of non-genetic epilepsies of child and adolescent, newly diagnosed in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Pan African Medical Journal. 2019; 31.

https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.31.175.170

13.   Goel D, Dhanai JS, Agarwal A, et al. Neurocysticercosis and its impact on crude prevalence rate of epilepsy in an Indian community. Neurol India. 2011; 59(1): 37-40.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.76855

14.   Mengistu G, Ewunetu BD, Johnston JC, Metaferia GZ. Neuroimaging of Ethiopian patients with epilepsy: a retrospective review. Ethiop Med J. 2014; 52(2): 57-66.

15.   Patel N, Jain A, Iyer V, et al. Clinico - diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of computed tomography scan of brain in children with partial seizures. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2013; 16(3): 352.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.116928

16.   Cherian A, Syam UK, Sreevidya D, et al. Low seroprevalence of systemic cysticercosis among patients with epilepsy in Kerala, South India. J Infect Public Health. 2014; 7(4): 271-6.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2013.08.005

17.   Panov F, Li Y, Chang EF, et al. Epilepsy with temporal encephalocele: Characteristics of electrocorticography and surgical outcome. Epilepsia. 2015; 57(2): 33-38.

https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13271

18.   Van Rooijen BD, Backes WH, Schijns OEMG, et al. Brain Imaging in Chronic Epilepsy Patients After Depth Electrode (Stereoelectroencephalography) Implantation. Neurosurgery. 2013; 73(3): 543-549.

https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000431478.79536.68

19.   Lee DJ, Zwienenberg-Lee M, Seyal M, Shahlaie K. Intraoperative computed tomography for intracranial electrode implantation surgery in medically refractory epilepsy. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015; 122(3): 526-531.

https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.9.jns13919

20.   Schmidt RF, Lang MJ, Hoelscher CM, et al. Flat-Detector Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Intracerebral Vasculature for Planning of Stereoelectroencephalography Electrode Implantation. World Neurosurg. 2018; 110: 585-592.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.063

21.   Freyschlag CF, Gruber R, Bauer M, et al. Routine postoperative CT is not helpful after elective craniotomy. World Neurosurgery. 2018.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.079

22.   Fontes RB, Smith AP, Munoz LF, et al. Relevance of early head CT scans following neurosurgical procedures: an analysis of 892 intracranial procedures at Rush University Medical Center. J Neurosurg. 2014; 121: 307-312.

23.   Almohiy H. Paediatric computed tomography radiation dose: A review of the global dilemma. World J. Radiol. 2014; 6: 1-6.

https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v6.i1.1

Abstract:

Chemodectomas are rare, in most cases, benign neoplasms. They originate from the chemoreceptor cells of the carotid glomus in the bifurcation of the carotid artery. Chemodectoma treatment is surgical. Classical removal of the tumor carries a high risk of damage of arteries and nerves. We present a case report of high localization (C1) carotid chemodectoma removal in a hybrid operating room. Tumor was successfully removed after selective embolization of chemodectoma with protection of distal flow of the internal carotid artery. This approach helped to minimize intraoperative blood loss, as well as to shorten time of intervention.

References

1.     De Franciscis S, Grande R, Butrico L, et al. Resection of Carotid Body Tumors reduces arterial blood pressure. An underestimated neuroendocrine syndrome. International Journal of Surgery. 2014; 12: 63-67.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.052

2.     Serra R, Grande R, Gallelli L, et al. Carotid body paragangliomas and matrix metalloproteinases. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2014, 28(7): 1665-1670

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2014.03.022

3.     Luo T, Zhang C, Ning YC, et al. Surgical treatment of carotid body tumor: Case report and literature review. J. Geriatr. Cardiol. 2013; 10: 116-118.

https://doi.org/10.3969/j. issn.1671-5411.2013.01.018

4.     Sajid MS, Hamilton G, Baker DM. A multicenter review of carotid body tumor management. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2007: 34(2): 127-130.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.01.015

5.     Knight TTJr., Gonzalez JA, Ray JM, Rush DS. Current concepts for the surgical management of carotid body tumor. Am. J. Surg. 2006; 191: 104-110.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.10.010

6.     Scudder CL. Tumor of the inter carotid body. A report of one case, together with one case in the literature. Am J Med Sci. 1903; 126: 384-9.

7.     Dickinson PH, Griffin SM, Guy AG, McNeill IF. Carotid body tumor: 30 years experience. Dr J Surg. 1986; 73: 14-6.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800730107

8.     Amato B, Serra R, Fappiano F, et al. Surgical complications of carotid body tumors surgery: a review. Int Angiol. 2015; 34(6.1): 15-22.

9.     Lim JY, Kim J, Kim SH, et al. Surgical treatment of carotid body paragangliomas: outcomes and complications according to the Shamlin classification. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 3(2): 91-5.

https://doi.org/10.3342/ceo.2010.3.2.91

10.   Amato B, Bianco T, Compagna R, et al. Surgical resection of carotid body paragangliomas: 10 years of experience. American Journal of Surgery. 2014; 207(2): 293-298.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.06.002

11.   Sahin MA, Jahollari A, Guler A, et al. Results of combined preoperative direct percutaneous embolization and surgical excision in treatment of carotid body tumors. Vasa. 2011; 40(6): 461-6.

https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000149

12.   Thakkar R, Qazi U, Kim Y, et al. Technique and role of embolization using ethylene vinylalcohol copolymer before carotid body tumor resection. Clin. Pract. 2014; 4(3).

https://doi.org/10.4081/ср.2014.661

13.   Carroll W, Stenson K, Stringer S. Malignant carotid body tumor. Head Neck. 2004; 26(3): 301-306.

https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.20017

14.   Shamblin WR, Remine WH, Sheps SG, Harrison EG. Carotid body tumor (chemodectoma). Clinicopathologic analysis of ninety cases. Am J Surg. 1971; 122(6): 732-739.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(71)90436-3

15.   Arya S, Rao V, Juvekar S, Dcruz AK. Carotid body tumors: objective criteria to predict the Shamblin group on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29(7): 1349-54.

16.   Wu J, Liu S, Feng L, et al. Clinical analysis of 24 cases of carotid body tumor. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015: 50(1): 25-27.

https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1092

17.   Базылев В.В., Шматков М.Г., Морозов З.А. Стентирование сонных артерий как этап в лечении пациентов с билатеральным поражением каротидного бассейна и сопутствующим поражением коронарного русла. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2012; 5(5): 39-48.

Bazilev VV, Shmatkov MG, Morozov ZA. Carotid artery stenting as a stage in treatment of patients with bilateral carotid lesions and concomitant coronary affection. Kardiologiya i serdechno-sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2012; 5(5): 39-48 [In Russ].

18.   Базылев В.В., Шматков М.Г., Морозов З.А. и др. Сравнение показателей качества жизни пациентов, перенесших каротидную эндартерэктомию и стентирование сонных артерий. Диагностическая и интервиционная радиология. 2017; 11(11): 54-58.

Bazylev VV, Shmatkov MG, Morozov ZA, et al. Comparison of Indicators of quality of life in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting. Diagnosticheskaya i Interventsionnaya radiologiya. 2017; 11(11): 54-58 [In Russ].

Abstract:

This case describes successful combined treatment of patient with large hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC «B», occupying the entire right lobe of the liver, extending to the fourth segment and occupying the right lateral flank till small pelvis. As the first stage, selective tumor chemoembolization, mechanical chemoembolization of right portal vein branches with the aim of vicarious hypertrophy of remaining liver segments were performed. One and half months after performed procedure, the volume of remnant parenchyma was 31% of the total volume. According to the test with indocyanine green, the plasma elimination rate (ICG-PDR) was 12,2%/min, and the residual concentration at 15 minutes was 16%. Subsequently, was performed surgical intervention: Starzl laparotomy, revision of abdominal organs, cholecystectomy, right-sided hemihepatectomy + SI, drainage of the common bile duct according to Vishnevsky, lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament, drainage of abdominal cavity. Postoperative period was complicated by formation of an external biliary fistula and hepatic failure, regarded as class «B» according to criteria of the International Research Group for Liver Surgery (ISGLS), which required medical correction of patient's condition without use of extracorporeal detoxification methods. Later, patient was diagnosed with foci of recurrence of disease in the remaining parenchyma of the liver, for which endovascular treatment was carried out. Currently, patient is alive (6 years after surgery) and is receiving systemic treatment for the extrahepatic spread of the underlying disease.

References

1.     Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018; 68(6): 394-424.

https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492

2.     Llovet JM, Br? C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Seminars in liver disease. 1999; 19(3): 329-338.

3.     Vishnevsky VA, Ayvazyan KA, Ikramov RZ, et al. Sovremennye printsipy lecheniya gepatotsellyulyarnogo raka. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii 2020; 25(2): 15-26 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2020215-26

4.     Mizuguchi T, Kawamoto M, Meguro M, et al. Preoperative liver function assessments to estimate the prognosis and safety of liver resections. Surg Today. 2014; 44(1): 1-10.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-013-0534-4

5.     European Association for the Study of the Liver. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018; 69(1): 182-236.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019

6.     Kamiyama T, Orimo T, Wakayama K, et al. Survival outcomes of hepatectomy for stage B Hepatocellular carcinoma in the BCLC classification. World J Surg Oncol. 2017; 15(1): 156.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-017-1229-x

7.     Kim H, Ahn SW, Hong SK, et al. Korean Liver Cancer Association. Survival benefit of liver resection for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2017; 104(8): 1045-1052.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10541

8.     Samuel M, Chow PK, Chan Shih-Yen E, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 1: CD001199.

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001199.pub2

9.     Tremosini S, Reig M, de Lope CR, et al. Treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma: Towards personalized therapy. Dig Liver Dis. 2010; 42(3): 242-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1590-8658(10)60512-9

10.   Bolondi L, Burroughs A, Dufour JF, et al Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions. Semin Liver Dis. 2012; 32(4): 348-59.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1329906

11.   Kudo M, Arizumi T, Ueshima K, et al. Subclassification of BCLC B Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Strategies: Proposal of Modified Bolondi's Subclassification (Kinki Criteria). Dig Dis. 2015; 33(6): 751-8.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000439290

12.   Wada H, Eguchi H, Noda T, et al. Selection criteria for hepatic resection in intermediate-stage (BCLC stage B) multiple hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2016; 160(5): 1227-1235.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2016.05.023

13.   Wang W, Yang LY, Huang GW, et al. Genomic analysis reveals RhoC as a potential marker in hepatocellular carcinoma with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer. 2004; 90(12): 2349-55.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601749

14.   Yang LY, Wang W, Peng JX, et al. Differentially expressed genes between solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma and nodular hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(24): 3569-73.

https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v10.i24.3569

15.   Chen J, Lai L, Lin Q, et al. Hepatic resection after transarterial chemoembolization increases overall survival in large/multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(1): 408-417.

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13427

16.   Pirtskhalava TL, Granov DA, Maystrenko DN. Kombinirovannaya rezektsiya pecheni i nizhnei poloi veny pri gepatotsellyulyarnom rake. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii. 2016; 21(2): 52-55 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2016252-55

17.   Granov AM, Tarazov PG, Granov DA, et al. Uspeshnoe kombinirovannoe lechenie patsienta s retsidiviruyushchei gepatotsellyulyarnoi kartsinomoi. Vestnik khirurgii imeni II Grekova. 2015; 174(2): 98-100 [In Russ].

18.   Granov DA, Polehin AS, Tarazov PG, et al. Khimioehmbolizatsiya pechenochnykh arterii u bol'nykh gepatotsellyulyarnym rakom na fone tsirroza pered transplantatsiei pecheni: prognosticheskoe znachenie kontsentratsii al'fafetoproteina. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2020; 22(4): 52-57 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-4-52-57

Abstract:

Introduction: the main methods for diagnosing cardiac neoplasms, allowing to determine the localization, size, involvement of heart structures, to suggest the nature of the pathological process and to plan treatment tactics, are: echocardiography (EchoCG), contrast multispiral computed coronary angiography (MSCT CAG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography (PET CT). At the same time, any additional information about the pathological process can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment. So, for example, selective coronary angiography (CAG), which in this case can be performed to clarify the coronary anatomy and exclude concomitant coronary atherosclerosis, in hands of attentive and experienced specialist of endovascular diagnostic and treatment methods can make a significant contribution to understanding the nature of blood supply of heart neoplasm, thereby bringing closer the formulation of the correct diagnosis and, ultimately, improving results of surgical treatment.

Aim: was to study the nature of blood supply of heart myxoma based on results of a detailed analysis of data of selective coronary angiography in patients with this pathology.

Material and methods: since 2005, 20 patients underwent surgery to remove heart myxoma. The average age of patients was 56,6 + 8,0 (43-74) years. According to data of ultrasound examination, sizes of myxomas ranged from 10 to 46 mm in width and from 15 to 71 mm in length (average size ? 25,6 ? 39,1 mm). In 2/3 of all cases (15 out of 20,75%), the fibrous part of the inter-atrial septum (fossa oval region) was the base of myxomas. In 8 of 20 (40%) cases, tumor prolapse into the left ventricle through structures of the mitral valve was noted in varying degrees. In order to exclude coronary pathology, CAG was performed in 14 cases, in the rest - MSCT CAG.

Results: of 14 patients with myxoma who underwent selective coronary angiography, 12 (85,7%) patients had distinct angiographic signs of vascularization. In all 12 cases, the sinus branch participated in the blood supply of myxoma, begins from the right coronary artery (RCA) in 10 cases: in 7 case it begins from proximal segment of the RCA and, in 3 cases, from the posterior-lateral branch (PLB) of the RCA. In one case, the source of blood supply of neoplasm was the sinus branch extending from PLB of dominant (left type) circumflex artery of the left coronary artery (PLB CxA LCA). In one case, the blood supply to the neoplasm involved branches both from the RCA and CxA, mainly from the left atrial branch of CxA. Moreover, in all 12 cases, sinus branch formed two branches: branch of sinus node itself and left atrial branch. It was the left atrial branch that was the source of blood supply of myxoma. Analysis of angiograms in patients with myxoma of LA showed that left atrial branch in terminal section formed a pathological vascularization in the LA projection, accumulating contrast-agent in the capillary phase (MBG 3-4). In addition to newly formed vascularization, lacunae of irregular shape were distinguished, the size of which varied from 2 to 8 mm along the long axis. In 8 cases, hypervascular areas with areas of lacunar accumulation of contrast-agent showed signs of paradoxical mobility and accelerated onset of venous phase. In two cases, there were distinct angiographic signs of arteriovenous shunt. In 2 cases (when the size of the myxoma did not exceed 15-20 mm according to EchoCG and CT), angiographic signs allowing to determine the presence of LA myxoma were not so convincing: there was no lacunar accumulation of contrast-agent; small (up to 10 mm) hypervascular areas were noticed, the capillary network of which stood out against the general background of uniform contrasting impregnation and corresponded to MBG grade 1-2.

Conclusion: according to our data, angiographic signs of vascularization of myxomas are detected in most cases with this pathology (85,7%). The source of blood supply, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is branch of coronary artery, which normally supplies the structure of the heart, on which the basement of the pathological neoplasm is located. The aforementioned angiographic signs characteristic of myxomas deserve the attention of specialists in the field of endovascular diagnosis and treatment and should be described in details in protocols of invasive coronary angiography.

References

1.     Петровский Б.В., Константинов Б.А., Нечаенко М.А. Первичные опухоли сердца. М.: Медицина, 1997; 152.

Petrovskiy BV, Konstantinov BA, Nechaenko MA. Primary heart tumors. M.: Medicina, 1997 [In Russ].

2.     Balci AY, Sargin M, Akansel S, et al. The importance of mass diameter in decision-making for preoperative coronary angiography in myxoma patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2019; 28(1): 52-57.

https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivy217

3.     Omar HR. The value of coronary angiography in the work-up of atrial myxomas. Herz. 2015; 40(3): 442-446.

4.     Gupta PN, Sagar N, Ramachandran R, Rajeshekharan VR. How does knowledge of the blood supply to an intracardiac tumour help? BMJ Case Rep. 2019; 12(2): 225900.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-225900

5.     Marshall WHJr., Steiner RM, Wexler L. Tumor vascularity in left atrial myxoma demonstrated by selective coronary arteriography. Radiology. 1969; 93(4): 815-816.

6.     Lee SY, Lee SH, Jung SM, et al. Value of Coronary Angiography in the Cardiac Myxoma. Clin Anat. 2020; 33(6): 833-838.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23527

Abstract:

Currently, endovascular correction has become the method of choice in most cases of secondary atrial septal defects.

The obvious superiority lies in low trauma, a decrease in the incidence of early complications, atrial flutter and fibrillation, systemic thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality.

We present the initial experience of using new occluders for ASD closure.

References

1.     Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (Writing committee to develop guidelines on the management of adults with congenital heart disease). Developed in collaboration with the American society of echocardiography, heart rhythm society, international society for adult congenital heart disease, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, and society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52: 143-263.

2.     King TD, Thompson SL, Steiner C, et al. Secundum atrial septal defect. Nonoperative closure during cardiac catheterization. JAMA. 1976; 235: 2506-2509.

3.     Alexi-Meskishvili VV, Konstantinov IE. Surgery for atrial septal defect: from the first experiments to clinical practice. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003; 76: 322-327.

4.     Nassif М, Abdelghani М, Bouma J, et al. Historical developments of atrial septal defect closure devices: what we learn from the past. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 2016; 13(6).

5.     Регистрационное удостоверение на медицинское изделие от 30 марта 2020 года № РЗН 2020/9850: «Окклюдер кардиологический «NanoMed» по НАЕФ.942511.015 ТУ.

Registration certificate for medical device, March 30, 2020 No. RZN 2020/9850: «NanoMed cardiological occluder» ac. to NAEF.942511.015 [In Russ].

6.     Базылев В.В., Шматков М.Г., Пьянзин А.И., Морозов З.А. «Отдаленные результаты применения отечественных коронарных стентов с биоинертным углеродным покрытием «Наномед». Журнал Диагностическая и интервенционная радиология. 2020; 14(1); 47-54.

Bazylev VV, Shmatkov MG, Pianzin AI, Morozov ZA. Long-term results of using domestic coronary stents with bioinert carbon coating, «Nanomed». Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2020; 14(1); 47-54 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.25512/DIR.2020.14.1.05

7.     Базылев В.В., Шматков М.Г., Морозов З.А. «Сравнительные результаты использования коронарных стентов с лекарственным покрытием «НаноМед» и Orsiro. Журнал Диагностическая и интервенционная радиология. 2019; 13(4); 21-26.

Bazylev VV, Shmatkov MG, Morozov ZA. Comparison of results of the use of coronary stents with drug eluting, «Nanomed» and Orsiro. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2019; 13(4); 21-26 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.25512/DIR.2019.13.4.02

8.     Majunke N, Sievert H. ASD/PFO devices: what is in the pipeline? J Interv Cardiol. 2007; 20: 517-523.

9.     Aytemir K, Oto A, Ozkutlu S, et al. Early-midterm follow-up results of percutaneous closure of the interatrial septal defects with occlutech figulla devices: a single center experience. J Interv Cardiol. 2012; 25: 375-381.

10.   Haas NA, Happel CM, Soetemann DB, et al. Optimal septum alignment of the Figulla(R) Flex occluder to the atrial septum in patients with secundum atrial septal defects. EuroIntervention. 2016: 11(10):1153-60.

https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJY14M12_09

11.   Roymanee S, Promphan W, Tonklang N, et al. Comparison of the Occlutech (R) Figulla (R) septal occluder and Amplatzer (R) septal occluder for atrial septal defect device closure. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015; 36: 935-941.

12.   Sharifi M, Burks J. Efficacy of clopidogrel in the treatment of post-ASD closure migraines. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004; 63: 255.

Abstract:

Introduction: all over the world, the number of patients with peripheral arterial lesions is growing, the progression of the disease leads to the chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) with an increasement in mortality. To carry out revascularization, it is required to accurately determine the degree and length of lesions of arteries of limbs, with the creation of a «road map» of lesions and the choice of the least affected artery ? the target arterial pathway.

Aim: was to determine the effectiveness of CT angiography in diagnosing lesions of shin arteries in patients with critical lower limb ischemia (CLI) by calculating its sensitivity and specificity in comparison with digital subtraction angiography.

Materials and methods: the study included 26 patients (15 men and 11 women, average age of patients 69,3 ± 10,8 years) with critical lower limb ischemia, against the background of lesions of the femoro-popliteal segment of arteries, class D TASC II. All patients underwent CT angiography on a 64-spiral computed tomography scanner. Obtained data was compared with results of catheter angiography (digital subtraction angiography), used as a reference method.

Results: the sensitivity of CT angiography in determining the degree of lesion (stenosis or occlusion) of leg arteries was 100% and 94%, the specificity was 83% and 96%, respectively. The overall accuracy of CT angiography in the tibial segment was 87% for stenoses and 94% for occlusions. According to results of CTA, massive calcification was detected in 13% of cases from the total number of analyzed arteries. When evaluating these arteries according to DSA data, most of arteries (11 of 12) were occluded, and the length of occlusions in 8 cases was maximum according to the GLASS classification (the length was more than 1/3 of the artery length). The presence of strong correlations between CT angiography and digital angiography on the presence of occlusions, stenoses> 50% and their length was determined.

Conclusions: CT angiography is a highly informative method for diagnosing the degree and length of lesions of shin arteries in patients with critical lower limb ischemia.

References

1.     GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392(10159): 1789-1858.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7

2.     Reinecke H, Unrath, M, Freisinger E, et al. Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischaemia: still poor outcomes and lack of guideline adherence. European heart journal. 2015; 36(15), 932-938.

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv006

3.     National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lower limb arterial diseases. Expert group for the preparation of recommendations: chairmen of the expert group Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bokeria LA, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pokrovsky AV. Moscow, 2019 [In Russ].

http://www.angiolsurgery.org/library/recommendations/2019/recommendations_LLA_2019.pdf

4.     Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink M, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group (2018). 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries Endorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). European heart journal. 2018; 39(9): 763-816.

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095

5.     Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007; 33 (1): 1-75.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.09.024

6.     Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, et al. Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2019; 69(6S): 3-125.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016

7.     Pokrovsky AV, Yakhontov DI. The value of assessing the outflow tract in femoral-tibial reconstructions. Rossijskij Mediko-biologicheskij vestnik im. akademika I.P. Pavlova. 2013; 4: 104-112 [In Russ].

8.     Hamburg NM, Creager MA. Pathophysiology of Intermittent Claudication in Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation journal: official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2017; 81(3): 281-289.

https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-16-1286

9.     Bollinger A, Breddin K, Hess H, et al. Semiquantitative assessment of lower limb atherosclerosis from routine angiographic images. Atherosclerosis. 1981; 38(3-4): 339-346.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/0021-9150(81)90050-2

10.   Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, et al. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg. 1997; 26(3): 517-538.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(97)70045-4

11.   Graziani L, Silvestro A, Bertone V, et al. Vascular involvement in diabetic subjects with ischemic foot ulcer: a new morphologic categorization of disease severity. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007; 33(4): 453-460.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.11.022

12.   Radiation diagnostics of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. National leadership. (Ed. by LS Kokov; SK Ternovoj.) Moscow, GEOTAR-Media, 2011; 688 [In Russ].

13.   ?urovi? Sarajli? V, Toti? D, Bi?o Osmanagi? A, et al. Is 64-Row Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography Equal to Digital Subtraction Angiography in Treatment Planning in Critical Limb Ischemia? Psychiatr Danub. 2019; 31(5): 814-820.

14.   Al-Rudaini HEA, Han P, Liang H. Comparison Between Computed Tomography Angiography and Digital Subtraction Angiography in Critical Lower Limb Ischemia. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2019; 15(5): 496-503.

https://doi.org/doi:10.2174/1573405614666181026112532

15.   Lim JC, Ranatunga D, Owen A, et al. Multidetector (64+) Computed Tomography Angiography of the Lower Limb in Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: Assessment of Image Quality and Accuracy in a Tertiary Care Setting. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2017; 41(2): 327-333.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/RCT.0000000000000494

16.   Mohler ER, Jaff MR Peripheral Artery Disease 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. 2017; 208.

17.   Ayubova NL, Bondarenko ON, Galstyan GR, et al. Peculiarities of lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities and clinical outcomes of endovascular interventions in patients with diabetes mellitus with critical ischemia of the lower extremities and chronic kidney disease. Saharnyj diabet. 2013; (4): 85-94 [In Russ].

18.   Molitvoslovova NA, Manchenko OV, Jaroslavceva MV, et al. The relationship of calcification of the arteries of the lower extremities with the severity of distal neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Problemy jendokrinologii. 2013; 59(2): 7-11 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.14341/probl20135927-11

19.   Konijn LCD, Takx RAP, de Jong PA, et al. Arterial calcification and long-term outcome in chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients. Eur J Radiol. 2020; 132: 109305.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109305

Abstract:

Introduction: the problem of restenosis prevention and its early detection is very important in patients who underwent coronary intervention with bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). But when is it necessary to perform elective coronary angiography in order not to miss possible restenosis development? This question needs to be answered.

Aim: was to define the correct period to perform elective coronary angiography after bare-metal stent implantation in acute coronary syndrome.

Material and methods: the study included 124 patients who underwent coronary intervention with BMS implantation in ACS, in period of 1-14 months before current admission. All patients included in this study had indications for repeating coronary angiography and were diagnosed hemodynamically relevant in-stent restenosis. No risk factors of restenosis were revealed at these patients.

Results: average time of restenosis detection was 7,9±1,99 months. Average percent of restenosis among all included patients was 68,6±13,1%. We also revealed direct correlation of percent of restenosis with time of restenosis detection (r=0,5785, p <0,05). Correlation between time and percentage of restenosis and stent type or TIMI grade, was also estimated in this study.

Conclusion: according to results of our study, there are good reasons to repeat coronary angiography in 7-9 month after BMS implantation in ACS, even if patients have no risk factors of restenosis.

References

1.     Bokerija LA, Alekjan BG, Anri M. Rukovodstvo po rentgenojendovaskuljarnoj hirurgii serdca i sosudov. 3-e izd. Tom. 3. Rentgenojendovaskuljarnaja hirurgija ishemicheskoj bolezni serdca [Guide on endovascular surgery of heart and vessels. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. Endovascular surgery of ischemic heart disease]. Moscow: Bakulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2008. 648 pages [In Russ].

2.     Buccheri D, Piraino D, Andolina G, Cortese B. Understanding and managing in-stent restenosis: a review of clinical data, from pathogenesis to treatment. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8(10): 1150-1162.

3.     Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2017; 39(2): 119-177.

4.     Cortese B, Berti S, Biondi-Zoccai G, et al. Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology. Drug-coated balloon treatment of coronary artery disease: a position paper of the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014; 83(3): 427-35.

5.     Alfonso F, Byrne RA, Rivero F, Kastrati A. Current treatment of in-stent restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(24): 2659-73.

6.     Agostoni P, Valgimigli M, Biondi-Zoccai GG, et al. Clinical effectiveness of bare-metal stenting compared with balloon angioplasty in total coronary occlusions: insights from a systematic overview of randomized trials in light of the drug-eluting stent era. Am Heart J. 2006; 151(3): 682-9.

7.     Goncharov AI, Kokov LS, Likharev AYu. Otsenka effektivnosti stentirovaniya koronarnyh arterij razlichnymi tipami stentov u bol'nyh IBS. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal intervencionnoj kardioangiologii. 2009; 19: 23-24 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: сarotid chemodectoma is a benign, slowly growing, vascularized tumor that is one of the most common paragangliomas of head and neck. It is localized in the area of anterior surface of neck - in the area of carotid artery bifurcation. Despite the relative knowledge of the disease, surgical treatment of patients with these newgroth is difficult due to development of intraoperative hemorrhagic complications.

Aim: was to assess possibilities of primary embolization in the complex treatment of patients with chemodectoma.

Materials and methods: 70-year-old female patient was examined and treated. She was admitted with complaints on painless, pulsating, gradually progressive newgrowth of neck. After examination, carotid chemodectoma was diagnosed. The first stage was selective embolization of branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) feeding the tumor. Open chemodectomectomy was performed three days after embolization.

Results: analysis of literature sources and our case report showed that the volume of blood loss during an open operation for removal of chemodectoma using previous embolization is insignificant. This aspect also leads to a reduction of time of the intervention.

Conclusions: preoperative chemodectoma embolization significantly reduces the volume of blood loss and reduces the risk of developing other complications.

References

1.     Qaqish N, Gaillard F. Carotid body tumor. 2020.

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-body-tumour

2.     Martins R, Bugalho MJ. Paragangliomas/Pheochromocytomas: clinically oriented genetic testing. Int J Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 794187.

3.     Shamsi ZA, Shaikh FA, Wasif M. Hypoglossal Nerve Paraganglioma Depicting as Glomus Tumor of Neck. Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2021; 33(115): 113-117.

4.     Lv H, Chen X, Zhou Sh, et al. Imaging findings of malignant bilateral carotid body tumors: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2016; 11(4): 2457-2462.

5.     Hoang VT, Trinh CT, Lai AKh, et al. Carotid body tumor: a case report and literature review. J Radiol Case Rep. 2019; 13(8): 19-30.

6.     Wieneke JA, Wieneke AS. Paraganglioma: Carotid Body Tumor. Head Neck Pathol. 2009; 3(4): 303-306.

7.     Cobb AN, Barkat A, Daungjaiboon W, et al. Carotid Body Tumor Resection: Just as Safe without Preoperative Embolization. Ann Vasc Surg. 2018; 46: 54-59.

8.     Jackson RS, Myhill JA, Padhya TA, et al. The Effects of Preoperative Embolization on Carotid Body Paraganglioma Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 153(6): 943-50.

Abstract:

Introduction: more than 10 million ischemic strokes are recorded in the world every year - a disease, the mechanism of development of which is associated with impaired blood flow to the brain tissues, mainly due to embolism in intracranial arteries. One of treatment methods of ischemic stroke within the «therapeutic window», in the absence of contraindications, is systemic thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy has a number of limitations and contraindications, including ongoing or occurring bleeding of various localization within a period of up to 6 months.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of performing and the effectiveness of «off-label» simultaneous selective thrombolytic therapy and uterine arteries embolization in a patient with acute ischemic stroke with multiple distal lesions of middle cerebral artery branches against the background of ongoing uterine bleeding.

Case report: patient S., 42 years old, was hospitalized to the pulmonary department for bronchial asthma treatment with the aim of preoperative preparation before extirpation of the uterus, against the background of menometrorrhagia. At one of days of hospitalization, patient suffered from acute dysarthria, right-sided hemiparesis. When performing multislice computed tomography and angiography, multiple occlusions were revealed in the distal segments (M3-M4) of the left middle cerebral artery. The patient underwent simultaneous selective thrombolytic therapy of the left middle cerebral artery and uterine artery embolization.

Results: in the next few hours of the postoperative period, the patient experienced regression of neurological deficit: symptoms of dysarthria were arrested, almost complete restoration of motor activity in the right extremities, residual slight asymmetry of the face; bleeding from uterine stopped.

The patient was discharged on the 16th day with a slight neurological deficit. The follow-up period is 18 months. Neurological status with minor deficits: slight asymmetry of facial muscles; the strength of muscles of right limbs is reduced to 4-4,5 points. Ultrasound: a significant decrease in the size of the uterus and myomatous nodes. Menstrual cycle is restored.

Conclusions: a wide range of angiographic instruments and skills of endovascular surgeons made it possible to perform «off-label» simultaneous intervention in a patient with ischemic stroke and multiple distal lesions of branches of the middle cerebral artery against the background of ongoing uterine bleeding and giant myoma. The use of methods of endovascular hemostasis makes it possible to stop bleeding by overcoming contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. The use of thrombolytic therapy within the «therapeutic window» allows regression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple distal cerebral artery lesions.

References 

1.     GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18(5): 439-458.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1

2.     Клинические рекомендации по ведению больных с ишемическим инсультом и транзиторными ишемическими атаками. Москва; 2017: 92.

Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. Moscow; 2017: 92 [In Russ].

3.     Клинические рекомендации по проведению тромболитической терапии при ишемическом инсульте. Москва; 2015: 34.

Clinical guidelines for thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke. Moscow; 2015: 34 [In Russ].

4.     Chiasakul T, Bauer KA. Thrombolytic therapy in acute venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020; 1: 612-618.

5.     Yuan K, Zhang JL, Yan JY, et al. Uterine Artery Embolization with Small-Sized Particles for the Treatment of Symptomatic Adenomyosis: A 42-Month Clinical Follow-Up. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14: 3575-3581.

6.     Клинические рекомендации: миома матки. Москва; 2020: 48.

Clinical guidelines: uterine fibroids. Moscow; 2020: 48 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: the main indicator that determines the prognosis of cancer is the degree of prevalence of tumor process at the time of detection. In terms of the growth of primary morbidity among urological cancers, bladder cancer ranks third, and prostate cancer is second. Treatment of patients in advanced stages is palliative and aimed at improving the quality of life and increasing its duration.

Bleeding from the bladder or prostate in such cases is a life-threatening complication and one of the most common causes of death in advanced cancer.

Aim: was to evaluate the effectiveness of embolization of arteries of the bladder and prostate in cancer patients with bleeding from the lower urinary tract as a preparatory stage for the subsequent specialized therapy of the oncological process.

Materials and methods: from 2019 to August 2021, 38 embolizing interventions were performed in 36 patients with recurrent bleeding from the bladder with ineffective conservative hemostatic therapy. Of these, there were 30 men and 6 women. The average age was 63 ± 2,6 years. All patients at the prehospital stage were diagnosed with pelvic cancer with invasion of the bladder wall without the possibility of radical treatment. Particles with a size of 300-500 µm, embolization coils and fragmentated hemostatic sponge were used for embolization.

Results: immediate angiographic success in the form of stagnation of blood flow through the target arteries was achieved in 100% of operations. In most cases, the relief of macrohematuria was achieved at day 4 (average values of erythrocytes in urine are 3,66 in p/sp). 2 patients (5,6%) underwent a second endovascular intervention during hospitalization due to the many small afferents suppluying the bladder tumor from the a. pudenta interna. Bleeding stopped in these patients by the 8th day of hospital stay. The early postoperative period in 100% of patients was accompanied by mild postembolization syndrome, which was stopped by symptomatic therapy within 24 hours.

Conclusions: endovascular embolization in patients with oncopathology using the superselective technique has shown efficacy in stopping urological oncological bleeding, allows to achieve stable hemostasis in a short time and to continue specific treatment of cancer in patients of the 2nd clinical group.

References

1.     Kaprin AD, Starinskiy VV, Shakhzadova AO. The state of cancer care for the population of Russia in 2019. - M.: MNIOI them. P.A. Herzen - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Radiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. 2020. - ill. – 239 [In Russ].

2.     Schuhrke TD, Barr JW. Intractable bladder hemorrhage: therapeutic angiographic embolization of the hypogastric arteries. J Urol. 1976; 116(4): 523-525.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58892-8

3.     Granov AM, Karelin MI, Tarazov PG. X-ray endovascular surgery in oncourology. Bulletin of roentgenology and radiology. 1996; 1: 35-37 [In Russ].

4.     Taha DE, Shokeir AA, Aboumarzouk OA. Selective embolisation for intractable bladder haemorrhages: A systematic review of the literature. Arab J Urol. 2018; 16(2): 197-205.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2018.01.004

5.     Mohan S, Kumar S, Dubey D, et al. Superselective vesical artery embolization in the management of intractable hematuria secondary to hemorrhagic cystitis. World J Urol. 2019; 37(10): 2175 - 2182.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2604-0

6.     Tibilov AM, Baymatov MS, Kulchiev AA, et al. Arterial embolization in the treatment of inoperable bladder tumors complicated by bleeding. Materials of the V Russian Congress of Interventional Cardioangiologists. 2013; 35: 79 [In Russ].

7.     Bilhim T, Pisco JM, Tinto HR, et al. Prostatic arterial supply: anatomic and imaging findings relevant for selective arterial embolization. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2012; 23 (11): 1403-1415.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2012.07.028

8.     Bilhim T, Pereira JA, Tinto HR, et al. Middle rectal artery: myth or reality? Retrospective study with CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013; 35(6): 517-522.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-1068-y

9.     Korkmaz M, Sanal B, Aras B, et al. The short- and long-term effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with intractable hematuria. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016; 97: 197-201.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.020

10.   Liguori G, Amodeo A, Mucelli FP, et al. Intractable haematuria: long-term results after selective embolization of the internal iliac arteries. BJU Int. 2010; 106: 500-503.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09192.x

11.   Karpov VK, Kapranov SA, Shaparov BM, Kamalov AA. Superselective embolization of urinary bladder arteries in the treatment of recurrent gross hematuria in bladder tumors. Urology. 2020; 5: 133-138 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.18565/urology.2020.5.133-138

Abstract:

Background: atrial septal defect (ASD) is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and, accordingly, pressure in small circulation circle. It is noteworthy that these hemodynamic changes go in parallel with morphofunctional changes in small vessels of pulmonary artery system. At the same time, changes in hemodynamics of small circulatory circulation after endovascular closure in this category of patients and reversibility of pulmonary hypertension are not fully studied.

Aim: was to assess clinical course, indicators of cardiac chamber geometry and hemodynamics of small circulation circle after transcatheter closure of secondary ASD in adult patients with moderate and significant pulmonary hypertension in immediate and long-term periods.

Material and methods: from 2009 to 2020, 103 patients (mean age 48,3 ± 15,3 years) with secondary ASD underwent endovascular transcatheter closure of the defect. 60 (58,3%) patients had pulmonary hypertension. Depending on systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP), patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group consisted of 41 (68,3%) patients with mild PH (from 40 to 49 mm Hg); the second group included 10 (16,6%) patients with moderate PH (50 to 59 Hg); and the third group consisted of 9 (15%) patients with high SPAP (? 60 mm Hg). Average pulmonary artery systolic pressure in groups was: 43,6 ± 2,9 mm Hg; 52,1 ± 2,5 mm Hg; 64,4 ± 5,2 mm Hg, respectively. Average sizes of ASD (according to Pre-TEE data) were 18,7 + 6,1 mm; 22,1 ± 7,5 mm and 21,3 ± 5,3 mm, respectively. In all cases, echocardiographic signs of the right heart volume overload were detected. Follow-up was performed on an outpatient basis with an assessment of the clinical status and TTE in the long-term period.

Results: technical success of endovascular defect closure was 100%. Average size of the occluder was 26,3 + 6,96 (from 12 to 40) mm. Immediately after implantation of device, complete closure of ASD was observed in 55 (91,7%) cases. Residual flow (<3 mm) was observed in 5 cases (2 cases in the first group, 1 case in second group, and 2 cases in third group, (p >0,05)). In the vast majority of cases - 54 (90%) hospital period proceeded smoothly. All patients were examined in the long-term period (on average 12,5 + 6,5 months). The survival rate in groups was 100%. In the long- term follow-up remodeling of the right heart was observed in all patients. In the first group the size of RA decreased from 6,0 ± 0,5 cm to 3,3 ± 0,4 cm, RV size decreased from 4,7 ± 0,5 to 3,1 ± 0,4 cm; in the second group RA from 5,7 ± 0,7 cm to 3,8 ± 0,5 cm, RV - from 4,7 ± 0,9 to 3,8 ± 0,6 cm; in the third group RA - from 5,5 ± 0,6 cm and 4,2 ± 0,5 cm, the size of RV decreased from 4,5 ± 0,6 4,0 ± 0,5 cm, respectively. In all patients, significant decrease in SPAP was observed, in some cases up to normalization. In the first group, SPAP decreased from 43,7 ± 2,9 to 32,1 ± 2,6 mmHg, in the second group - from 52,1 ± 2,5 to 34,3 ± 2,6 mmHg; in the third group - from 64,4 ± 5,2 to 50,3 ± 4,8 mmHg. The most expressed decrease of pressure occurred in the second group of patients. At the same time, in the third group, dynamics of pressure reduction was significantly less expressed in comparison with the other two groups. At the same time in two patients of third group high PH remained in the long-term period, despite the successful closure of the defect.

Conclusion: results show that in case of left-right shunt in the absence of hypoxemia, transcatheter closure of ASD in adult patients with moderate and significant pulmonary hypertension is a pathophysiologically and clinically justified, is a highly effective treatment method that allows achieving significant improvement of both clinical manifestations and intracardiac and systemic hemodynamics. In patients with a significant degree of pulmonary hypertension and a high probability of the latter, the following tactical approaches may be considered:

1. primary closure of defect with further drug therapy;

2. primary drug therapy aimed on regulating of the anatomic-functional state of the arterial bed of the small circulation and hence reducing pulmonary vascular resistance followed by endovascular ASD-closure;

3. closure of the defect with a fenestrated occluder (in case of a negative test for temporary balloon occlusion), followed by drug therapy. This assumption can be considered in future research.

References

1.     Jain S, Dalvi B. Atrial septal defect with pulmonary hypertension: when/how can we consider closure? J Thorac Dis. 2018; 10(24): 2890-2898.

2.     Fraisse, et al. Atrial Septal Defect Closure: Indications and Contra-Indications. J Thorac Dis. 2018; 10(24): 2874-2881.

3.     Akagi T. Current concept of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in adults. J Cardiol. 2015; 65(1): 17-25.

4.     Kefer J. Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Interatrial Septal Defect in Adults: Procedural Outcome and Long-Term Results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012; 79(2): 322-30.

5.     Gruner C, Akkaya E, Kretschmar O, et al. Pharmacologic preconditioning therapy prior to atrial septal defect closure in patients at high risk for acute pulmonary edema. J Interv Cardiol. 2012; 25: 505-12.

6.     Abaci A, Unlu S, Alsancak Y, et al. Short- and long-term complications of device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: metaanalysis of 28,142 patients from 203 studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 82(7): 1123-1138.

7.     Humenberger M, Rosenhek R, Gabriel H, et al. Benefit of atrial septal defect closure in adults: impact of age. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32: 553-560.

8.     Ioseliani DG, Kovalchuk IA, Rafaeli TR, et al. Simultaneous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Endovascular Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Adults. Kardiologia. 2019; 59(2): 56-60 [In Russ].

9.     Correction to: 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019; 139(14): 833-834.

10.   Gali? N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016; 37(1): 67-119.

11.   Haas NA, Soetemann DB, Ates I, et al. Closure of secundum atrial septal defects by using the occlutech occluder devices in more than 1300 patients: the IRFACODE project: a retrospective case series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2016; 88: 71-81.

12.   Nakahawa K, Akagi T, Taniguchi M, et al. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in a geriatric population. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012.

13.   Marwick TH, Gillebert TC, Aurigemma G, et al. Recommendations on the Use of Echocardiography in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015; 28(7): 727-754.

14.   Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017; 18(12): 1301-1310.

15.   Bossone E, D'Andrea A, D'Alto M, et al. Echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension: from diagnosis to prognosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013; 26(1): 1-14.

16.   Miranda WR, Hagler DJ, Reeder GS, et al. Temporary balloon occlusion of atrial septal defects in suspected or documented left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: Hemodynamic and clinical findings. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019; 93(6): 1069-1075.

17.   Shin C, Kim J, Kim J-Y, et al. Determinants of serial left ventricular diastolic functional change after device closure of atrial septal defect. JACC. 2020; 75(11).

18.   Martin-Garcia AC, Dimopoulos K, Boutsikou M, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation severity after atrial septal defect closure or pulmonic valve replacement. Heart. 2020; 106(6): 455-461.

19.   Zwijnenburg RD, Baggen VJM, Witsenburg M, et al. Risk Factors for Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults After Atrial Septal Defect Closure. Am J Cardiol. 2019; 123(8): 1336-1342.

Abstract:

Aim: was to demonstrate possibilities of timely radiological diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis in a patient with a single lung after pleuropneumonectomy for fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.

Materials and methods: patient, 26 y.o. female, country inhabitant, grocery store clerk. She was hospitalized to the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with a diagnosis: “Tuberculosis spondylitis Th12-L2, focal tuberculosis S2 of the single right lung in the infiltration phase. M.Tb(-). Pleuropneumonectomy for fibrocavernous tuberculosis of left lung (December 18, 2018)”. To clarify etiology and lesion volume and to determine surgical treatment tactics, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of lungs and thoracolumbar spine and subsequent percutaneous trephine biopsy of the L1 vertebra were performed.

Results: according to MSCT data, destruction of Th12-L1-2 vertebral bodies was revealed; in single right lung, medium-intensity focal lesion with a diameter of 5 mm in C1, a small calcinate in C2, and a subpleural focal lesion in C4 were visualized. Small-focal dissemination was observed throughout the entire length of single lung. Bacteriological study of biological material taken during trephine biopsy revealed the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, confirmed by diagnostics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Taking into account the pulmonary pathology, operation was performed in the volume of resection of Th12-L1-2 bodies and antero-lateral spinal fusion with a Mesh body replacement implant with bone autoplasty from left-side access, transpedicular fixation (TPF) of Th11-L3 with a four-screw structure under intraoperative radiation control. As a result of treatment, patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition.

Conclusions: presented case report demonstrates the importance of timely radiological diagnosis in patients with combined infectious lesions of lungs and spine for obtaining of complete information about the state of respiratory and bone systems, using MSCT and interventional radiology methods and for determination of pathological process etiology. It made it possible to perform timely diagnosis and complex surgical intervention with the most sparing and light surgical access to affected vertebrae in tuberculosis spondylitis from the side of previous pleuropneumonectomy.

References

1.     Giller DB, Martel’ II, Imagozhev YG, et al. An experience of single lung resection and pneumonectomy after contralateral lung resection in treatment of tuberculosis. Khirurgiya (Mosk). 2021; (1): 15-21 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia2015935-42

2.     Giller DB, Giller GV, Imagozhev YG. Surgical collapse in the treatment of single lung tuberculosis. Khirurgiia. 2021; (1): 15-21 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202101115

3.     Mushkin AYu, Vishnevskiy AA, Peretsmanas EO, et al. Infectious Lesions of the Spine: Draft National Clinical Guidelines. Khirurgiya pozvonochnika. 2019; 16(4): 63-76 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2019.4.63-76

4.     Sovetova NA, Vasileva GYu, Soloveva NS. Tuberculous spondylitis in adults (clinical and radiographic manifestation). Tuberkulez I bolezni legkikh. 2014; (10): 33-37 [In Russ].

5.     Dunn RN, Ben Husien M. Spinal tuberculosis: review of current management. Bone Joint J. 2018; 1(100-B(4)): 425-431.

https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.100B4.BJJ-2017- 1040.R1

Abstract:

Introduction: basilar artery thrombosis (BAT) is the cause of about 1% of ischemic strokes (IS). About 27% of strokes in posterior circulation are associated with BAT. Mortality in BAT without recanalization reaches 85-95%. In 80.7% of patients with BAT at the onset of disease a decrease in level of consciousness is observed, in 34% of them – coma.

Aim: was to show the possibility of performing thrombectomy (TE) in patients with BAT and reduced level of consciousness as the only effective way to prevent death in this pathology.

Materials and methods: two case reports of successful TE from basilar artery in patients with IS and decrease in level of wakefulness to coma, are presented.

Results: article describes two successful cases of TE in patients with angiographically confirmed BAT and decrease in the level of consciousness to moderate coma at the onset of disease. In two presented patients, TE made a complete restoration of BA blood flow. Good clinical outcomes were noted in both patients by 90th day of disease (modified Rankin scale 0-2 points). The Rivermead mobility index at discharge from hospital was 14 points, and the Bartel index by 90th day – complete independence from others in everyday life (from 90 to 100 points), and that once again indicates that TE in BAT is not only a life-saving procedure, but significantly improves functional and clinical outcomes of disease.

Conclusions: basilar artery thrombosis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent reperfusion therapy as the only effective method of treatment. Endovascular treatment for basilar artery thrombosis should be considered in all patients, regardless the decrease in the level of consciousness at the onset of disease, because thrombectomy is a life-saving procedure.

References 

1.     Reinemeyer NE, Tadi P, Lui F. Basilar Artery Thrombosis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; January 31, 2021. Available at:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532241/

2.     Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, et al. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(9): 790-801.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30233-3

3.     Ikram A, Zafar A. Basilar Artery Infarct. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 10, 2020. Available at:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551854/

4.     Gory B, Mazighi M, Labreuche J, et al. Predictors for Mortality after Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018; 45(1-2): 61-67.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000486690

5.     Writing Group for the BASILAR Group, Zi W, Qiu Z, et al. Assessment of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion via a Nationwide Prospective Registry. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(5): 561-573.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0156

6.     Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15(11): 1138-1147.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6

7.     Liu Z, Liebeskind DS. Basilar Artery Occlusion and Emerging Treatments. Semin Neurol. 2021; 41(1): 39-45.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722638

8.     Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50(12): 344-418.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211

9.     Baik SH, Park HJ, Kim JH, et al. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Subtypes of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Relationship to Recanalization Rate and Clinical Outcome. Radiology. 2019; 291(3): 730-737.

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019181924

10.   Weber R, Minnerup J, Nordmeyer H, et al. Thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke: differences in procedures and outcome compared to anterior circulation stroke in the prospective multicentre REVASK registry. Eur J Neurol. 2019; 26(2): 299-305.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13809

11.   Kang DH, Jung C, Yoon W, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7(14): 009419.

https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009419

12.   Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19(2): 115-122.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30395-3

13.   Potter JK, Clemente JD, Asimos AW. Hyperdense basilar artery identified on unenhanced head CT in three cases of pediatric basilar artery occlusion. Am J Emerg Med. 2021; 42: 221-224.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.11.055

Abstract:

Introduction: congenital portosystemic venous shunts (CPVS) are rare vascular abnormalities that occur secondary to abnormal development or involution of fetal vasculature. They allow intestinal blood to enter the systemic circulation, bypassing the liver, which in the long term leads to various symptoms and complications. Today, thanks to advanced imaging techniques, the number of reported cases of CPVS is increasing, although for the most part these are single clinical cases or reports summarizing small series of cases. The overall incidence of CPVS is estimated at 1:30 000 births and 1:50 000 for those persisting beyond early childhood.

Material and methods: article consists of 44 foreign literature sources, that  highlight pathogenesis, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of CPVS.

Conclusion: early diagnosis and correction of this anomaly using any (endovascular or surgical) occlusion regresses symptoms and prevents long-term complications. At present, given the rarity of this pathology, there is no large statistical analysis and no standards, developed for the management of this category of patients. However, further collection of material, an emphasis on the pathophysiology and anatomy of these lesions, will help to provide more effective care for patients with congenital portosystemic venous shunts.

References

1.     Kim MJ, Ko JS, Seo JK, et al. Clinical features of congenital portosystemic shunt in children. Eur J Pediatr. 2012; 171(2): 395-400.

2.     Florio F, Nardella M, Balzano S, et al. Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1998; 21(5): 421-424.

3.     Baiges A, Turon F, Simуn-Talero M, et al. Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts (Abernethy Malformation): An International Observational Study. Hepatology. 2020; 71(2): 658-669.

https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30817

4.     Ольхова Е.Б., Туманян Г.T., Венгерская Г.В. и др. Мальформация Абернети у новорожденных. Эхографическая диагностика. Радиология-практика. 2015; 5(54): 46-58.

Olkhova EB, Tumanyan GT, Hungarian GV, et al. Abernathy malformation in newborns. Echographic diagnostics. Radiology-practice. 2015; 5 (54): 46-58 [In Russ].

5.     Малышева Е.Б., Захарова Е.М., Рыхтик П.И., Жулина Н.И. Мальформация Абернетти - редкая причина гемодинамического цирроза печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. Приложение. 2017; 27(1) S49; 48.

Malysheva EB, Zakharova EM, Rykhtik PI, Zhulina NI. Abernetty's malformation is a rare cause of hemodynamic cirrhosis of the liver. Russian journal of gastroenterology, hepatology, coloproctology. Application. 2017; 27(1) S49; 48 [In Russ].

6.     Abernethy J. Account of two instances of uncommon formation in the viscera of the human body. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1793; 83: 59-66.

7.     Sokollik C, Bandsma RH, Gana JC, et al. Congenital portosystemic shunt: characterization of a multisystem disease. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2013; 56(6): 675-681.

8.     Gu?rin F, Blanc T, Gauthier F, et al. Congenital portosystemic vascular malformations. Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 2012; 21(3): 233-244.

9.     Bernard O, Franchi-Abella S, Branchereau S, et al. Congenital portosystemic shunts in children: recognition, evaluation, and management. Semin Liver Dis. 2012; 32(4): 273-287.

10.   Lin ZY, Chen SC, Hsieh MY, et al. Incidence and clinical significance of spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts detected by sonography in adults without potential cause. J Clin Ultrasound. 2006; 34(1): 22-26.

11.   Gitzelmann R, Forster I, Willi UV. Hypergalactosaemia in a newborn: self-limiting intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt. Eur J Pediatr. 1997; 156: 719-722.

12.   Ponziani FR, Faccia M, Zocco MA, et al. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt: description of four cases and review of the literature. J Ultrasound. 2019; 22(3): 349-358.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-018-0329-y

13.   De Paula Oliveira GJ, Ferreira S, Barbosa A. Abernethy Malformation – Congenital Extra-hepatic Portosystemic Shunt Associated with Multiple Liver Adenomatosis: Case Report. Universal Journal of Public Health. 2019; 7(3): 129-137.

14.   Nagata H, Yamamura K, Ikeda K. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for congenital portosystemic venous shunt: report of two cases. Pediatr Int. 2012; 54(3): 419-421.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2011.03459.x

15.   Passalacqua M, Lie KT, Yarmohammadi H. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (Abernethy malformation) treated endovascularly with vascular plug shunt closure. Pediatr Surg Int. 2012; 28(1): 79-83.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-011-2944-y

16.   Raghuram KA, Bijulal S, Krishnamoorthy KM, Tharakan JA. Regression of pulmonary vascular disease after therapy of Abernethy malformation in visceral heterotaxy. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013; 34(8):1882-5.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0428-z

17.   DiPaola F, Trout AT, Walther AE, et al. Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Children: Associations, Complications, and Outcomes. Dig Dis Sci. 2020; 65(4): 1239-1251.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05834-w

18.   Ogul H, Bayraktutan U, Yalcin A, et al. Congenital absence of the portal vein in a patient with multiple vascular anomalies. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013; 35(6): 529-534.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-1059-z

19.   Morgan G, Superina R. Congenital absence of the portal vein: two cases and a proposed classification system forportasystemic vascular anomalies. J Pediatr Surg. 1994; 29(9):1239-1241.

20.   Glonnegger H, Schulze M, Kathemann S, et al. Case Report: Hepatic Adenoma in a Child With a Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt. Front Pediatr. 2020; 8: 501.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00501

21.   Raskin NH, Price JB, Fishman RA. Portal-systemic encephalopathy due to congenital intrahepatic shunts. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1964; 270: 225-229.

22.   Park JH, Cha SH, Han JK, Han MC. Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt. Am J Roentgenol. 1990; 155: 527-528.

23.   Senocak E, O?uz B, Edgьer T, Cila A. Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with variant inferior right hepatic vein. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2008; 14: 97-99.

24.   Niwa T, Aida N, Tachibana K, et al. Congenital absence of the portal vein: clinical and radiologic findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2002; 26(5): 681-6.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200209000-00003

25.   Kobayashi N, Niwa T, Kirikoshi H, et al. Clinical classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatol Res. 2010; 40(6): 585-93.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2010.00667.x

26.   Benedict M, Rodriguez-Davalos M, Emre S, et al. Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (Abernethy Malformation Type Ib) With Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2017; 20(4): 354-362.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1093526616686458

27.   Kroencke T, Murnauer M, Jordan FA, et al. Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising in the Setting of a Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (Abernethy Malformation). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018; 41(8): 1285-1290.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1965-5

28.   Alonso-Gamarra E, Parr?n M, P?rez A, et al. Clinical and radiologic manifestations of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 2011; 31(3): 707-722.

https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.313105070

29.   Brasoveanu V, Ionescu MI, Grigorie R, et al. Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Unresectable Liver Adenomatosis Associated with Congenital Absence of Portal Vein: A Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Case Rep. 2015; 16: 637-644.

https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.895235

30.   Duprey J, Gouin B, Benazet MF, le Gal J. Glucose intolerance and post-stimulative hypoglycaemia secondary to congenital intra-hepatic porto-caval anastomosis. Annales de Medecine Interne. 1985; 136(8): 655-658.

31.   Watanabe A. Portal-systemic encephalopathy in non-chirrotic patients: classification of clinical types, diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2000; 15(9): 969-979.

32.   Murray CP, Yoo SJ, Babyn PS. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Pediatric Radiology. 2003; 33(9): 614-620.

33.   Nishimura Y, Tajima G, Dwi Bahagia A, et al. Differential diagnosis of neonatal mild hypergalactosaemia detected by mass screening: clinical significance of portal vein imaging. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 2004; 27(1): 11-18.

34.   Eroglu Y, Donaldson J, Sorensen LG, et al. Improved neurocognitive function after radiologic closure of congenital portosystemic shunts. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2004; 39(4): 410-417.

35.   Emre S, Amon R, Cohen E, et al. Resolution of hepatopulmonary syndrome after auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation in Abernethy malformation. A case report. Liver Transplantation. 2007; 13(12): 1662-1668.

36.   Kim MJ, Ko JS, Seo JK, et al. Clinical features of congenital portosystemic shunt in children. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2012; 171(2): 395-400.

37.   Timpanaro T, Passanisi S, Sauna A, et al. Congenital portosystemic shunt: our experience. Case Rep Pediatr. 2015; 691618.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/691618

38.   Chocarro G, Amesty MV, Encinas JL, et al. Congenital Portosystemic Shunts: Clinic Heterogeneity Requires an Individual Management of the Patient. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2016; 26(1): 74-80.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1566097

39.   Achiron R, Kivilevitch Z. Fetal umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt: in utero classification and clinical significance. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 47: 739-747.

https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14906

40.   Franchi-Abella S, Gonzales E, Ackermann O, et al. Congenital portosystemic shunts: diagnosis and treatment. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2018; 43(8): 2023-2036.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1619-8

41.   Musa J, Madani K, Saliaj K, et al. Asymptomatic presentation of a congenital malformation of the portal vein with portosystemic shunt. Radiol Case Rep. 2020; 15(10): 2009-2014.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.07.076

42.   Back SJ, Maya CL, Khwaja A. Ultrasound of congenital and inherited disorders of the pediatric hepatobiliary system, pancreas and spleen. Pediatr Radiol. 2017; 47: 1069-1078.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3869-y

43.   Nam HD. Living-donor liver transplantation for Abernethy malformation - case report and review of literature. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2020; 24(2): 203-208.

https://doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.2020.24.2.203

44.   Papamichail M, Pizanias M, Heaton N. Congenital portosystemic venous shunt. Eur J Pediatr. 2018; 177(3): 285-294.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-3058-x

Abstract:

Aim: was to systematize and clarify possible puncture approaches in percutaneous CT-guided mini-invasive procedures in patients with tumor lesions of pelvic bones.

Methods and materials: 63 CT-guided interventions were performed on pelvic bones (53 trephine biopsy and 10 cryoablations) in 52 patients. Manipulations were performed using the Philips Ingenuity CT scanner, Maxio Perfint robotic system and «Medical Cryotherapeutic System».

Results: during interventional procedures, three topographic regions were identified - zones of the pelvic ring: upper zone (at the level of the ilium), middle zone (level of the articular space of the hip joint), and lower zone (at the level of the ramus of the ischial and pubic bones). In each zone, within certain safety sectors, puncture approaches are highlighted, associated with five optimal positions of the patient in the gantry aperture. Clinical examples of puncture procedures with various localization of the pathological process are given, demonstrating the safety of approaches and the validity of proposed recommendations. There were no complications after interventions.

Conclusion: the choice of the optimal puncture approach and standard patient’ positions in miniinvasive CT-guided operations in patients with pelvic bone lesions can improve the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures.

References 

1.     Garnon J, Koch G, Caudrelier J, et al. Expanding the borders: Image-guided procedures for the treatment of musculoskeletal tumors. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 2017; 98(9): 635-644.

2.     Sun G, Jin P, Liu XW, et al. Cementoplasty for managing painful bone metastases outside the spine. European Radiology. 2014; 24(3): 731-737.

3.     Burovik IA, Prokhorov GG, Lushina PA, et al. CT-guided robotic-assisted percutaneous interventions: first experience. Medical Visualization. 2019; (2): 27-35 [In Russ].

4.     Lin YC, Wu JS, Kung JW. Image guided biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions with low diagnostic yield. Current Medical Imaging Reviews. 2017; 13(3): 260-267.

5.     Miranda OM, Moser TP. A practical guide for planning pelvic bone percutaneous interventions (biopsy, tumour ablation and cementoplasty). Insights into Imaging. 2018; 9: 275-285.

6.     Coleman RE, Croucher PI, Padhani AR, et al. Bone metastases. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2020; 6: 83.

7.     Filippiadis DK, Charalampopoulos G, Mazioti A, et al. Bone and Soft-Tissue Biopsies: What You Need to Know. Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 2018; 35(4): 215-220.

8.     Veltri A, Bargellini I, Giorgi L, et al. CIRSE guidelines on percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB). CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 2017; 40(10): 1501-1513.

9.     Meagan C, Keegan BA, Darcy AK. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology. 2020; 9(5): 429-441.

10.   Barrientos-Ruiz I, Ortiz-Cruz EJ, Serrano-Montilla J, et al. Are Biopsy Tracts a Concern for Seeding and Local Recurrence in Sarcomas? Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2017; 475(2): 511-518.

11.   Burovik IA, Prokhorov GG. Computed tomography as a method of control of percutaneous tumor cryoablation. Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. 2019; (4): 57-65 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: left atrial (LA) volumes measured during different phases of the cardiac cycle can be used for the evaluation of the LA functional properties before and after catheter ablation (CA). Increase of LA ejection fraction (EF) supposed to be early and more sensitive marker of LA reverse remodeling process, than LA volume and can be important for assessing the effectiveness of CA.

Aim: was to estimate volumetric parameters and function of LV before and after cryo- and radiofrequency catheter ablation of pulmonary veins in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Materials and methods: 21 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) were included in study. All patients underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of pulmonary veins (PV) and LA before CA and 12±2 months after CA. 3-dimensional images at phases 0%, 40%, 75% of the cardiac cycle were used to assess LA functional properties.

Results: LA maximal volume before CA was increased insignificantly in patients with AF recurrence (124,52±38,22 ml vs. 117,89±23,94 ml, p>0,05). In patients without recurrence after CA, LA volumes decreased slightly (LA max 115,31±20,13 ml, p>0,05, LA min 73,43±14,91 ml, p>0,05), while in patients with recurrence increased (LA max 130,88±25,20 ml, p<0,05, LA min to 94,92±31,75 ml, p<0,05). Global LA ejection fraction was less in patients without recurrence before CA (22,37%±4,69 vs. 31,31%±9,89, p=0,013), but increased significantly after CA, while in patients with recurrence global LA EF was without relevant changes (36,54%±3,27 vs. 28,89%±9,41, p=0,011).

Conclusion: improved left atrial mechanical function was demonstrated in patients without any recurrence after ablation. The anatomic and functional reverse remodeling was not significant in patients with atrial fibrillation recurrence.

References

1.     Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Cervellin G. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: An increasing epidemic and public health challenge. Int J Stroke. 2021; 16(2): 217-221.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493019897870

2.     Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021; 42(5): 373-498.

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612

3.     Hindricks G, Sepehri Shamloo A, Lenarczyk R, et al. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: current status, techniques, outcomes and challenges. Kardiol Pol. 2018; 76(12): 1680-1686.

https://doi.org/10.5603/KP.a2018.0216

4.     Artjuhina EA, Revishvili ASh. New technologies in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Vysokotehnologichnaja medicina. 2017; 1: 7-15 [In Russ].

5.     Darby AE. Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation: Considerations For Repeat Ablation And Strategies To Optimize Success. J Atr Fibrillation. 2016; 9(1): 1427.

https://doi.org/10.4022/jafib.1427

6.     Murray MI, Arnold A, Younis M, et al. Cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018; 107(8): 658-669.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1232-4

7.     Kuck KH, Brugada J, F?rnkranz A, et al. Cryoballoon or Radiofrequency Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(23): 2235-2245.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1602014

8.     Mathew ST, Patel J, Joseph S, et al. Atrial fibrillation: mechanistic insights and treatment options. Eur J Intern Med. 2009; 20(7): 672-81.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2009.07.011

9.     Vasamreddy CR, Lickfett L, Jayam VK, et al. Predictors of recurrence following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using an irrigated-tip ablation catheter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004; 15(6): 692-697.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03538.x

10.   Tops LF, Bax JJ, Zeppenfeld K, et al. Effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on left atrial cavity size. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 97(8): 1220-1222.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.043

11.   Tsao HM, Hu WC, Wu MH, et al. The impact of catheter ablation on the dynamic function of the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from four-dimensional computed tomographic images. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010; 21(3): 270-277.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01618.x

12.   Abhayaratna WP, Seward JB, Appleton CP, et al. Left atrial size: physiologic determinants and clinical applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47(12): 2357-2363.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.048

13.   Hoit BD. Left atrial size and function: role in prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(6): 493-505.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.10.055

14.   Costa FM, Ferreira AM, Oliveira S, et al. Left atrial volume is more important than the type of atrial fibrillation in predicting the long-term success of catheter ablation. Int J Cardiol. 2015; 184: 56-61.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.060

15.   Avelar E, Durst R, Rosito GA, et al. Comparison of the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography versus two-dimensional echocardiography to measureleft atrial volume. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 106(1): 104-109.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.02.021

16.   K?hl JT, L?nborg J, Fuchs A, et al. Assessment of left atrial volume and function: a comparative study between echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and multi slice computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 28(5): 1061-1071.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-011-9930-2

17.   Hof I, Chilukuri K, Arbab-Zadeh A, et al. Does left atrial volume and pulmonary venous anatomy predict the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009; 20(9): 1005-1010.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01504.x

18.   Abecasis J, Dourado R, Ferreira A, et al. Left atrial volume calculated by multi-detector computed tomography may predict successful pulmonary vein isolation in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2009; 11(10): 1289-1294.

https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eup198

19.   Amin V, Finkel J, Halpern E, et al. Impact of left atrial volume on outcomes of pulmonary vein isolation in patients with non-paroxysmal (persistent) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2013; 112(7): 966-970.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.034

20.   Lemola K, Sneider M, Desjardins B, et al. Effects of left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation on size of the left atrium and pulmonary veins. Heart Rhythm. 2004; 1(5): 576-581.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2004.07.020

21.   Park MJ, Jung JI, Oh YS, et al. Assessment of the structural remodeling of the left atrium by 64-multislice cardiac CT: comparative studies in controls and patients with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2012; 159(3): 181-186.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.02.053

22.   Lemola K, Desjardins B, Sneider M, et al. Effect of left atrial circumferential ablation for atrial fibrillation on left atrial transport function. Heart Rhythm. 2005; 2(9): 923-928.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2005.06.026

23.   Perea RJ, Tamborero D, Mont L, et al. Left atrial contractility is preserved after successful circumferential pulmonary vein ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008; 19(4): 374-379.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2007.01086.x 

Abstract:

Background: prolonged vasospasm of coronary arteries (CA) is quite often cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in young patients. As a rule, it is associated to drug-using, as an example, cocaine that among other things has systemic vasoconstrictive effect.

Material and methods: article describes the development of acute large myocardial infarction with ST elevation in a 50-year-old patient with no risk factors for cardiovascular complications (RF CVC), except for obesity 1 grade. Previously, she was observed with mild bronchial asthma and chronic allergic rhinitis, for which she used a nasal spray with xylometazoline at doses many times higher than the therapeutic ones for a long time. These conditions we consider to be a cause of her persistent coronary spasm, which led to acute coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction.

Results: coronary angiography revealed multiple subtotal lesions in the basin of left coronary artery (LCA) and acute occlusion of right coronary artery (RCA), which was the source of MI. Patient underwent recanalization of occlusion and balloon angioplasty with partial restoration of blood flow. Intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate led to recovery of arterial lumen in all segment except distal third where stenosis was ment to be atherosclerotic plaque and the the initial trigger of complete RCA obstruction. After stent implantation in the zone of stenosis and several intra-arterial injections of isosorbide dinitrate, RCA lumen was fully restored. During control angiography of left coronary artery basin, spasm was totally treated with full recovery of lumen of all previously defeated arteries.

During hospitalization period, pain did not recur; prolongedrelease oral nitrates (isosorbide mononitr 40 mg) were prescribed to prevent vasospasm. However, less than a 1,5 month, acute coronary syndrome recurred: the cause was a pronounced spasm of circumflex artery (Cx), that was treated by intracoronary injection of nitrates. Subsequently, therapy was changed: instead of nitrates, calcium channels blocking agents were recommended (CCB - felodipine 5 mg per day). During 9 months of observation, the pain did not recur.

Conclusion: this is the first case report of developed myocardial infarction due to an overdose of xylometazoline, described in the literature. It should be kept in mind, that in case of spastic lesions detected with coronary angiography, especially in young patients without risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, carefully obtaining of anamnesis  should be done, and nobody should neglect the intracoronary injection of low doses of nitrates even if blood pressure is low.

References

1.     Beijk MA, Vlastra WV, Delewi R, van de Hoef TP, Boekholdt SM, Sjauw KD, Piek JJ. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a focus on vasospastic angina. Neth Heart J 2019; 27:237-45.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-019-1232-7

2.     Beltrame JF, Crea F, Kaski JC, et al. International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:2565-68.

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv351

3.     Miyata K, Shimokawa H, Yamawaki T, et al. Endothelial vasodilator function is preserved at the spastic/inflammatory coronary lesions in pigs. Circulation 1999; 100:1432-1437.

4.     Hung MJ, Cherng WJ, Cheng CW, Li LF. Comparison of serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with coronary vasospasm without significant fixed coronary artery disease versus patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes with significant fixed coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 1429-1434.

5.     Ohyama K, Matsumoto Y, Takanami K, et al. Coronary adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in patients with vasospastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71: 414-425.

6.     Satake K, Lee JD, Shimizu H, Ueda T, Nakamura T. Relation between severity of magnesium deficiency and frequency of anginal attacks in men with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 897-902.

7.     Yasue H, Touyama M, Shimamoto M, Kato H, Tanaka S. Role of autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal’s variant form of angina. Circulation 1974; 50: 534-539.

8.     Miyamoto S, Kawano H, Sakamoto T, et al. Increased plasma levels of thioredoxin in patients with coronary spastic angina. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 6: 75-80.

9.     Glueck CJ, Valdes A, Bowe D, Munsif S, Wang P. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase T-786c mutation, a treatable etiology of Prinzmetal’s angina. Transl Res 2013; 162: 64-66.

10.   Yoo SY, Kim J, Cheong S, et al. Rho-associated kinase 2 polymorphism in patients with vasospastic angina. Korean Circ J 2012; 42: 406-413.

11.   Shimokawa H, Sunamura S, Satoh K. RhoA/Rho-Kinase in the Cardiovascular System. Circ Res 2016; 118: 352-366.

12.   Kandabashi T, Shimokawa H, Miyata K, et al. Inhibition of myosin phosphatase by upregulated rho-kinase plays a key role for coronary artery spasm in a porcine model with interleukin-1beta. Circulation 2000; 101: 1319-1323.

13.   Daniela L, Katja E. Wartenberg, MD, PhD. Xylometazoline Abuse Induced Ischemic Stroke in a Young Adult. The Neurologist 2011; 17: 41-43.

Abstract:

Introduction: carboxyangiography does not come into extensive use nowadays, due to two fundamental reasons: the impossibility of getting an equitable to Iodinated Contrast Agents (ICA) quality of angiographic image without special angiography system software. Besides, labour intensity, continuance, and potential risks of the methodology of «hand-operated» injection of carbon dioxide. Carboxyangiography made by automatic injector CO₂ appears a fundamentally new technique, free from pointed limitations.

Aim: was to inform possibilities and safety of carboxyangiography with automatic injector in different vascular basins.

Materials and methods: article presents data on possibilities and safety of performing carboxyangiography of various vascular basins, based on the analysis of world literature data. Data on indications and contraindications, on  features of this technique are presented. Article also provides clinical examples of such interventions as: revascularization of various peripheral basins (renal arteries, arteries of lower limbs, veins of upper limbs), primary and secondary interventions for abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR, diagnostics of endoleaks), formation and disconnection of various fistulas and shunts (TIPS, correction of fistulas and AVMs), interventions for gastrointestinal bleedings, implantation of cava filters, as well as a number of diagnostic procedures.

Conclusions: carboxyangiography with the use of the automatic injector can be performed for diagnostic and treatment endovascular interventions, as well in high operation risk patients with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) or/and ICA allergy. In case of use of automatic injector and special angiographic software, image quality is highly competitive with ICA contrast-enhanced imaging.

References

1.     Carelli HH, Sordelli E. A new procedure for examining the kidney. Rev Asoc Med Argent. 1921;34:18-24.

2.     Colle G. Sugli effetti della introduzione di gas in circulo. Arch. Ital. di chir. 1924;9:419-453.

3.     Moor RM, Braselton Jr CW. Injections of air and of carbon dioxide into a pulmonare vein. Annals of Surgery. 1940;112(2):212-218.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-194008000-00004

4.     Hodiev JeM. Contrasting of heart cavities with carbon dioxide. Vestnik rentgenologii i radiologii. 1965;5:8-11 [In Russ].

5.     Hodiev JeM, Mazaev VP. Coronary angiography with carbon dioxide injected into the heart cavity. Jeksperimental'naja hirurgija i anesteziologija. 1967;2:22-25 [In Russ].

6.     Tihonov KB. Possibility and prospects of studying the cardiovascular system using a gas environment. Voprosy rentgenologii i onkologii. 1958;3:61-66 [In Russ].

7.     Antonov OS, Mezencev GD, Blau JuI, Konovalov ED. Carbon dioxide angiocardiography for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired heart defects. Materialy pervoj oblastnoj konferencii rentgenologov i radiologov. 1964;5-8 [In Russ].

8.     Shipovskij VN, Kurbanov RV, Saakjan AM, Marov KB. Carboxyangiography is a new type of contrast enhancement in angiographic practice. First clinical experience. Angiologija i sosudistaja hirurgija. 2010;16:73-82 [In Russ].

9.     Shipovskij VN, Zolkin VN, Kurbanov RV et al. Using carbon dioxide as a contrast agent in aortoarteriography. Vestnik RGMU. 2011;6:16–20 [In Russ].

10.   Derkach VV. Using of an automatic CO₂ injector in patients with critical lower limb ischemia. Angiologija i sosudistaja hirurgija. 2018;24:133-135 [In Russ].

11.   Derkach VV. A case report of superficial femoral artery stenting in a patient with critical limb ischemia and chronic kidney disease under the control of carboxyangiography. Angiologija i sosudistaja hirurgija. 2018;24:133 [In Russ].

12.   Maksimov AV, Makarimov JeSh, Glinkin VV et al. Experience in the use of carbon dioxide in angiography. Prakticheskaja med icina. 2015;1(89):97-100 [In Russ].

13.   Zatevahin II, Kokov LS, Shipovskij VN et al. Diagnostics and endovascular treatment of arterial insufficiency of lower limbs. M.: RAN. 2019;244 [In Russ].

14.   Back MR, Caridi JG, Hawkins IF Jr, Seeger JM. Angiography with carbon dioxide (CO₂). Surgical Clinics of North America. 1998;78(4):575-591.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70335-2

15.   Ehrman KO, Taber TE, Gaylord GM, Brown PB. et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy with carbon dioxide versus iodinated contrast material in the imaging of hemodialysis access fistulas. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 1994;5(5):771-775.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1051-0443(94)71599-2

16.   Cronin P, Patel JV, Kessel DO, Robertson I, McPherson SJ. Carbon dioxide angiography: a simple and safe system of delivery. Clinical Radiology. 2005;60(1): 123-125.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2004.05.005

17.   Mascoli C, Faggioli G, Gallitto E. et al. Standardization of a Carbon Dioxide Automated System for Endovascular Aortic Aneuryzm Repair. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2018;51:160-169.

18.   Caridi JG, Cho KJ, Fauria C, Eghbalieh N. Carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO₂ DSA): a comprehensive user guide for all perators. Vascular Disease Management. 2014;11(10):221-256.

Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using transperineal access for sanitation of «deep» exudative pelvic lesions in patients after gynecological operations.

Materials and methods: results of percutaneous drainage with perineal access of «deep» – perirectal postoperative exudative pelvic lesions in 18 patients after extirpation of the uterus in oncological pathology were subjected to retrospective analysis. Exudative formations in the pelvis were detected during continuous postoperative ultrasound screening of operated patients starting from 3rd day of the postoperative period, taking into account clinical data.

Perineal access was used in patients with verification of the nature of the pathological contents and subsequent drainage of the pathological exudation zone by 8fr drains with form memory using Seldinger method.

Results: manipulation was successful in all 18 patients. In 5 cases, a lyzed pelvic hematoma was drained, and in 13 cases, an abscess was drained. In three cases, the connection of the abscess cavity with the lumen of the rectum was revealed. There were no complications due to manipulation. The drainage period was 6-7 days for hematoma and 10-16 days for abscess without internal fistula. If there is a connection with the lumen of the rectum, the drainage period was 21 days, the drainage was removed with x-ray confirmed closure of the internal fistula.

Conclusion: our first positive experience of using transperineal access for the rehabilitation of intrapelvic exudative complications of the postoperative period in oncogynecological patients inspires cautious optimism, expands the arsenal of mini-invasive methods of treatment of intra-pelvic postoperative exudative complications, but undoubtedly requires further research for optimal integration of the technique into the practice of oncogynecology and x-ray surgery departments.

References

1.     Lorenz JM, Al-Refaie WB, Cash BD, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria radiologic management of infected fluid collections. J Am Coll Radiol 2015; 12: 791–799.

2.     Hynes D, Aghajafari P, Janne d'Othee B. Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Infection. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2020 Feb; 41(1):20-32.

3.     Kadrev AV. Punctures under the control of echography in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic fluid in women. Cand. of med. sci. diss. Мoscow. 2007: 159 [In Russ].

4.     Albuquerque A, Pereira E. Current applications of transperineal ultrasound in gastroenterology. World J Radiol. 2016; 8(4): 370-377.

5.     Sperling DC, Needleman L, Eschelman DJ, Hovsepian DM, Lev-Toaff AS. Deep pelvic abscesses: transperineal US-guided drainage. Radiology. 1998; 208(1):111-5.

6.     Golferi R, Cappelli A. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous abscess drainage in coloproctology: review of the literature. Tech Coloproctol. 2007; 11: 197–208.

7.     Khurrum Baig M, Hua Zhao R, Batista O, et al. Percutaneous postoperative intra-abdominal abscess drainage after elective colorectal surgery. Tech Coloproctol. 2002; 6: 159–164.

8.     De Kok BM, Marinelli A.W.K.S., Puylaert J.B.C.M., et. al. Image-guided posterior transperineal drainage for presacral abscess: An analysis of 21 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2019; 100(2): 77-83.

Abstract:

Introduction: up to the present day, there were no published multicenter randomized researches, that could compare combined concept of thrombectomy, including different methods of stent-retrievers traction with elements of aspiration and thrombolysis. There is no data on the effect of embolic complications after extraction of thrombus from cerebral arteries on outcomes of treatment.

Aim: was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with ischemic stroke basing on a comparison of results of various methods of endovascular thrombectomy from cerebral vessels and intravenous thrombolysis, and on the base of assessment of effect of distal embolism on treatment outcomes in acute period of ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods: we carried out statistical analysis of results of different methods of thrombectomy in 75 patients and intravenous thrombolysis in 75 patients in acute phase of ischemic stroke. Effect of embolic complications after thrombectomy on outcomes of treatment of ischemic stroke was determined.

Results: groups of patients were comparable in age, neurological deficit, sex, localization and stroke subtype. The first group is burdened by the proportion of documented cerebral artery occlusion, diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke in anamnesis. Differences in deaths and disability rates were not reliable. Thrombectomy demonstrated neurological deficit regression at all evaluation intervals, as well as the superiority of 2 times at achievement of functionally independent outcome in comparison with intravenous thrombolysis group.

Conclusions: a concept to thrombectomy, that supposes different methods of use of stent-retrievers and aspiration demonstrates better functional outcomes in treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase compared with intravenous thrombolysis. Embolic complications of reperfusion treatment adversely affect ischemic stroke outcomes and should be considered as a factor requiring minimization.

References

1.     Domashenko MA, Maksimova MY, Gafarova ME et al. The personification of reperfusion therapy approaches for ischemic stroke. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2017;11(1):7-13 [In Russ].

2.     Powers W, Rabinstein A, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018; 49(3):e46-e99.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000158

3.     Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI et al.; IST-3 collaborative group. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2012;379(9834):2352-2363.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60768-5

4.     Riedel C, Zimmermann P, Jensen-Kondering U et al. The Importance of Size: successful recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior stroke depends on thrombus length. Stroke. 2011;42(6):1775-1777.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.609693

5.     Kharitonova T, Ahmed N, Thoren M et al. Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign on Admission CT Scan – Prognostic Significance for Ischaemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2008;27(1): 51-59.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000172634

6.     Thomalla G, Kruetzelmann A, Siemonsen S et al. Clinical and Tissue Response to Intravenous Thrombolysis in Tandem Internal Carotid Artery/Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Stroke. 2008;39(5):1616-1618.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.504951

7.     Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) – European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) guidelines on mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2019;11(6):535-538.

https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014568

8.     Fransen P, Berkhemer O, Lingsma H et al. Time to Reperfusion and Treatment Effect for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology. 2016;73(2):190-196.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3886

9.     Goyal M, Demchuk A, Menon B et al. Randomized Assessment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11): 1019-1030.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414905

10.   Campbell B, Mitchell P, Kleinig T et al. Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11): 1009-1018.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414792

11.   Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas J et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(11):1138-1147.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6

12.   Jovin T, Chamorro A, Cobo E et al. Thrombectomy within 8 Hours after Symptom Onset in Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(24):2296-2306.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503780

13.   Muir K, Ford G, Messow C et al. Endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: the Pragmatic Ischaemic Stroke Thrombectomy Evaluation (PISTE) randomised, controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2016;88(1):38-44.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-314117

14.   Saver J, Goyal M, Bonafe A et al. Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(24):2285-2295.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1415061

15.   McCarthy D, Diaz A, Sheinberg D et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. The Scientific World Journal. 2019; 2019:1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7403104

16.   Logvinenko RL, Domashenko MA, Frantsevich AM et al. Choice of reperfusion strategy in acute period of ischemic stroke. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2018;12(2):77-84 [In Russ].

17.   Semitko SP, Analeev AI, Azarov AV et al. Results of primary endovascular treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke and high risk or contraindication for thrombolytic therapy. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2018;12(4):52-58. [In Russ]

18.   Kang D, Kim B, Heo J et al. Effect of balloon guide catheter utilization on contact aspiration thrombectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018;1-7.

https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.JNS181045

19.   Maegerlein C, Monch S, Boeckh-Behrens T et al. PROTECT: PRoximal balloon Occlusion TogEther with direCt Thrombus aspiration during stent retriever thrombectomy – evaluation of a double embolic protection approach in endovascular stroke treatment. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2017;10(8):751-755.

https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013558

20.   Goto S, Ohshima T, Ishikawa K et al. A Stent-Retrieving into an Aspiration Catheter with Proximal Balloon (ASAP) Technique: A Technique of Mechanical Thrombectomy. World Neurosurgery. 2018;109:e468-e475.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.004

21.   Lee D, Sung J, Kim S et al. Effective use of balloon guide catheters in reducing incidence of mechanical thrombectomy related distal embolization. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2017;159(9):1671-1677.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3256-3

22.   Stampfl S, Pfaff J, Herweh C et al. Combined proximal balloon occlusion and distal aspiration: a new approach to prevent distal embolization during neurothrombectomy. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2016;9(4):346-351.

https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012208

23.   Maus V, Behme D, Kabbasch C et al. Maximizing First-Pass Complete Reperfusion with SAVE. Clinical Neu-roradiology. 2017;28(3):327-338.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-017-0566-z

24.   Jadhav A, Aghaebrahim A, Horev A et al. Stent Retriever-Mediated Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Interventional Neurology. 2016;6(1-2):16-24.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000449321

25.   Patent RUS №2670193/ 18.10.18. Byul. №29. Logvinenko RL, Arablinskiy AV, Domashenko MA et al. The method of endovascular combined thrombectomy from cerebral arteries. [In Russ.] Available at (23.09.2019):

http://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&rn=1407&DocNum-ber=2670193&TypeFile=html

26.   Hwang Y, Kang D, Kim Y, Kim Y, Park S, Suh C. Outcome of forced-suction thrombectomy in acute intracranial internal carotid occlusion. J Neurointervent Surg. 2012;5(suppl 1):i81-i84.

https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010277

27.   Turk A, Spiotta A, Frei D, Mocco J, Baxter B, Siddiqui A et al. O-002 Initial Clinical Experience with the ADAPT technique: A Direct Aspiration first Pass Technique for Stroke Thrombectomy. J Neurointervent Surg. 2013;5(Suppl 2):A1.2-A1.

https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.2

28.   Volodukhin M.U. Roentengen-endovascular method of cerebral flow restoration in acute tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery with embolism development in middle cerebral artery. Kazan medical journal. 2016;97(3): 457-460 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.17750/KMJ2016-457

29.   Geroulakos G, Ramaswami G, Nicolaides A et al. Characterization of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques using high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. British Journal of Surgery. 1993;80(10): 1274-1277.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800801016

30.   Adams H, Bendixen B, Kappelle L et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993;24(1):35-41.

https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.24.1.35

31.   Logvinenko RL, Kokov LS, Shabunin AV, Arablinskiy AlV, Tsurkan VA. Analysis of a modified method for combined removal of throbus from blood vessels of the brain in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. REJR. 2020; 10 (1):159-177 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2020-10-1-159-177

32.   Chen C, Parsons M, Levi C, Spratt N, Miteff F, Lin L et al. Exploring the relationship between ischemic core volume and clinical outcomes after thrombectomy or thrombolysis. Neurology. 2019;93(3):e283-e292.

https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007768

33.   Southerland A, Johnston K. Considering hyperglycemia and thrombolysis in the Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) trial. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2012;1268(1):72-78.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06731.x

34.   Lansberg M, Thijs V, Bammer R, Kemp S, Wijman C, Marks M et al. Risk Factors of Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After tPA Therapy for Acute Stroke. Stroke. 2007;38(8):2275-2278.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480475

Abstract:

Aim: was to make preclinical and imaging tests of the trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (DCTA) complex as a universal contrast agent for MRI and single-photon emission imaging, with Mn (Cyclomang) and ^99mTc- (Cyclotech), respectively.

Material and Methods: the complex of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (DCTA) was synthesized at the department of organic chemistry of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic university, using the original technology in the nanopowder phase using manganese (II) carbonate, or generator eluate ^99mTc, and NaH₂DCTA, resulting in a 0.5 M solution of Мn-DCTA or ^99mTc-DCTA. LD50 values were determined in experiments on laboratory mice. A visualization study was performed in 4 cats and 3 dogs with malignant neoplasms of chest organs and in one dog with a tumor of the left pontocerebellar angle. All of them underwent consecutively MRI with contrast enhancement with Mn-DCTA and SPECT - with ^99mTc-DCTA.

Results: for Cyclotech LD50 >18/ml/kg, for 0.5 M Mn-DCTA (Cyclomang) solution, the LD50 index significantly exceeds 16.9 ml/kg BW. Changes in the content of manganese in the blood plasma of rats when they were administered Mn-DCTA, did not occur. LD50 values allow us to assign the drug in accordance with Russian regulation GOST 12.1.007-76. to group 4 (low-hazard substances). In both cases, in the range of physiological pH, the thermodynamic stability constant is >19.3. In studies in animals with MRI, the enhancement index of T1-weighted spin-echo image of the tumor in all cases exceeded 1.7 (mean 1.82±0.10). When calculating the «tumor/back-ground» index for ^99mTc-DCTA, it was 2.6-7.3 (mean 4.12±1.05).

Conclusion: DCTA complexes with manganese (II) - for enhancement in MRI and with ^99mTc- for SPECT- have very close pharmacokinetic properties, are non-toxic, do not dissociate in physiological environments and can be further used for contrast enhancement in multimodal MRI-SPECT studies. Chelate agents of the ^99mTc with thermodynamic stability constants over 16 may be employed in the nearest future as important source for the development of paramagnetic contrast agents binding Mn.

References

1.     Panov VO, Shimanovskiy NL. The diagnostic efficacy and safety of macrocyclic gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agents. Russian J Radiol. 2017; 98(3): 159-166 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2017-98-3-159-166

2.     Shimanovskiy NL, Epinetov MA, Melnikov MYa. Molecular and nanopharmacology. Moscow, 2009; 624 [In Russ].

3.     National guidebook on nuclear medicine. Vol.1. Ed. by Lishmanov YuB, Chernov VI. Tomsk. STT Publ. 2010; 432 [In Russ].

4.     Litvinenko IV. The possibility of SPECT-CT in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenoses. Medical Visualization. 2015; (2): 53-66 [In Russ].

5.     Narkevich BYa, Ryzhkov AD, Komanovskaya DA et al. Estimation of radiation risks in SPECT/CT of skeletal bones. Medical Physics. 2019; 3 (83): 66-74 [In Russ].

6.     Madru R, Kjellman P, Olsson F et al. ^99mTc-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodality SPECT/MRI of sentinel lymph nodes. J Nucl Med. 2012; 53(3): 459-463.

http://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.092437

7.     Onoprienko AV, Kostenikov NA, Velichko OB, et al. Use of Fused Images Combining Contrast-Enhanced MRI and ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT in Diagnosis of Recidive Gliomas. Medical Visualization. 2004; (5): 38-46 [In Russ].

8.     Onoprienko A.V., Velichko O.B., Minin S.M. et al. Imaging of a Successful Medical Treatment of a Multiforme Glioblastoma by Means of Combination of Contrast-enhanced MRI and SPECT with ^99mTc-Technetril. Medical Visualization. 2006; (2); 99-103 [In Russ].

9.     Ussov WYu, Belyanin ML, Bezlepkin Al et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Involvement in Dogs Using Paramagnetic Contrast Enhancement with Mn(II)-DCTA. Bull.Exp.Biol.Med. 2016; 161: 715-718.

http://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-016-3492-1

10.   Belyanin ML, Fedoushchak TA, Filimonov VD et al. Solid-nanophase synthesis and evaluation of manganese (II) complex with diethylentriaminpentaacetic acid as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Siberian medical journal (Tomsk). 2008; 23(2): 33-36 [In Russ].

11.   Zevatskiy YuE, Samoilov DV. Empiric method of quantification of influence of dissolvent on dissociation constants of carbonic acids. Zhurnal organicheskoi chimii. 2008; 44(1): 59-68 [In Russ].

12.   Kaviani S, Shahab S, Sheikhi M, Ahmadianarog M. DFT study on the selective complexation of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with toxic metal ions (Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) for pharmaceutical and biological applications. Journal o f Molecular Structure. 2019; (1176): 901-907.

13.   Mironov AN. Guidelines for conducting preclinical research of drugs. M. Grit and К Publ.house. 2012; 944 [In Russ].

14.   Rossotti F, Rossotti X. Determination of stability constants and other equilibrium constants in solutions. M. Mir Publ.house. 1965; 564 [In Russ].

15.   Medixant. RadiAnt DICOM Viewer [Software]. Version 2020.1. Mar 9, 2020.

URL: https://www.radiantviewer.com

16.   Ehman EC, Johnson GB, Villanueva-Meyer JE et al. PET/MRI: Where might it replace PET/CT? J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017; 46(5): 1247-1262.

http://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25711

17.   Hochhegger B, Alves GR, Irion KL et al. PET/CT imaging in lung cancer: indications and findings. J.Bras.Pneumol. 2015; 41 (3): 264-274.

http://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132015000004479

18.   Ansheles AA., Sergienko VB. Interpretation of myocardial perfusion SPECT with attenuation correction. Russian Journal of Radiology. 2020; 101(1): 6-18 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2020-101-1-6-18

19.   Ussov WYu., Sinitsyn VE., Obradovich V. et al. Patterns of cerebral blood flow reactivity in adenosine stress­test in patients with carotid stenosis, evaluated with MRI and ^99mTc-HMPAO SPECT brain study. Russian Journal of Radiology.2000; 81 (6): 4-9 [In Russ].

20.   Berry DJ, Torres Martin de Rosales R, Charoenphun P, Blower PJ. Dithiocarbamate complexes as radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2012; 12(12): 1174-1183.

http://doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762112

21.   Burilova EA, Ziyatdinova AB, Zyavkina Yul, Amirov RR. Influence of waterso;uble polymers on the formation of Manganese(II) complexomated in solutions. I Complexes with EDTA. Research proceedings of the Kazan University. Natural Sceinces. 2013; 155(2); 10-25 [In Russ].

22.   Belyanin ML, Prvulovich M, Karpova GV et al. Synthesis and evaluation of mangapentetate as paramagnetic contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. 2008; 2(1): 75-86 [In Russ].

23.   Meerovich IG, Gulyaev MV, Meerovich GA et al. Study of contrast agents based on phthalocyanin derivatives for magnetic resonance imaging. Russian chemical journal. 2013. 57(2): 110-114 [In Russ].

24.   Ussov WYu, Belyanin ML, Kodina GE et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium with paramagnetic contrast enhancement with Mn-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Mn-MIBI) in an experiment. Medical visualization. 2016; (1): 31-38 [In Russ].

25.   Ussov VYu, Bezlepkin Al, Kovalenko AYu et al. Preclinical study of paramagnetic contrast enhancement with Mn(II)-dimercaptosuccinate complex in magnetic resonance imaging of primary tumor and metastatic spread of breast cancer. Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Therapy. 2020; (1 (11)): 70-77 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2020-11-1-70-77

26.   Ussov VYu, Belyanin ML, Filimonov VD et al. Theoretical basis and experimental study of the Mn(II) complex with hexamethylpropylenaminoxim as a paramagnetic contrast agent for visualization of malignant tumors. Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Therapy. 2019; (2 (10)): 42-49 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2019-10-2-42-49

27.   Serebrennikov W. Chemistry of rare earth elements (scandium, yttrium, lanthanides). Tomsk. TSU Publ. House. 1959; 531 [In Russ].

28.   Batyreva VA, Kozik W, Serebrennikov W, Yakunina GM. Synthesis of compounds of rare earth elements. Tomsk. TSU Publ. House. 1983; 144 [In Russ].

29.   Ussov VYu, Belyanin ML, Bezlepkin Al etal. Evaluation of Manganese-trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetate Complex (Cyclomang) as Paramagnetic Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Eksperimentalnaya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya. 2013; 76(10): 32-38 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Diagnostic criteria for extranodal lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) are well known and described in the literature. However, primary extranodal lymphomas are rare and pose problems for differential diagnosis with primary or secondary lesions.

In the presented clinical case of a woman, 58 years old, with primary extranodal lymphoma of the stomach and spleen, an incorrect preoperative diagnosis was made: a tumor of the stomach and spleen abscess. It was mainly due to the presence of pain in the epigastric region and hospitalization for "severe acute biliary pancreatitis" in anamnesisd. Similar complaints and a "blurry" picture of manifestations of lymphoma did not allow her to be suspected preoperatively. The tumor nature of the focal lesion of the stomach was not in doubt, while the underestimation of MRI data, combined with the anamnesis, led to the erroneous diagnosis o f" spleen abscess". Patient underwent surgical operation: extended combined gastrectomy, distal resection of pancreas, splenectomy “en-bloc”, lymphadenectomy, cholecystectomy, “Roux-Y" reconstruction.

The clinical picture of extranodal lymphoma depends on its primary localization and the degree of its spread. Clinical manifestations of primary lymphoma of the stomach and spleen are often non­specific, therefore, against the background of previously transferred diseases of the hepatopancreatobiliary zone and their residual manifestations, an erroneous assessment of the situation is possible. In the presence of focal lesions, it is advisable to be more attentive to results of radiology examination, which can provide comprehensive information about their nature.

References

1.     WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Swerdlow S.H., Campo E., Harris N.L., Jaffe E.S., Pileri S.A., Stein H., Thiele J. (Eds). Revised 4th edition. Lyon: IARC Press, 2017; 585.

2.     Manzella A, Borba-Filho P, D'Ippolito G, Farias M. Abdominal manifestations of lymphoma: spectrum of imaging features. ISRN Radiol. 2013; 2013: 483069.

http://doi.org/10.5402/2013/483069

3.     Lee W-K, Lau EWF, Duddalwar VA, et al. Abdominal manifestations of extranodal lymphoma: spectrum of imaging findings. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2008; 191(1): 198-206.

http://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3146

4.     FSBI «National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin »of the Ministry of Health of Russia Diagnostics and treatment. Types of diseases. Lymphomas, (date of access 08.07.20) [In Russ.].

https://www.ronc.ru/grown/treatment/diseases/limfomy/

5.     Psyrri A, Papageorgiou S, Economopoulos T. Primary extranodal lymphomas of stomach: clinical presentation, diagnostic pitfalls and management. Annals of Oncology. 2008; 19(12): 1992-1999.

http://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn525

6.     Ghai S, Pattison J, Ghai S et al. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma: spectrum of imaging findings with pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2007; 27(5): 1371-1388.

http://doi.org/10.1148/rg.275065151

7.     Juarez-Salcedo LM, Sokol L, Chavez JC, Dalia S. Primary Gastric Lymphoma, Epidemiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cancer Control. 2018; 25(1): 1073274818778256.

http://doi.org/10.1177/1073274818778256

8.     NORD: National Organization for Rare Disorders. Rare Disease Database. Primary Gastric Lymphoma. Luh JY Nabavizadeh N, Thomas CR. Jr., (date of access 20.07.2020).

https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/primary-qastric-lymphoma

9.     De Jong PA, Van Ufford HMQ, Baarslag H-J et al. CT and 18F-FDG PET for noninvasive detection of splenic involvement in patients with malignant lymphoma. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2009; 192(3): 745-753.

http://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.08.1160

10.   Ingle SB, Hinge CR. Primary splenic lymphoma: Current diagnostic trends. World J Clin Cases. 2016 December 16; 4(12): 385-389.

http://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v4.i12.385

11.   Dobrovolskiene L, Balukeviciute J, Maksimaitiene J. Virskinimo trakto limfomu radiologine diagnostika [Radiographic diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphoma]. Medicina(Kaunas). 2002; 38(2):165-171.

12.   Chien SH, Liu CJ, Hu YW, et al. Frequency of surveillance computed tomography in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the risk of secondary primary malignancies: A nationwide population-based study. Int J Cancer. 2015 Aug 1; 137(3): 658-665.

http://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29433

13.   Chernobai TN, Golovko TS. Radiation diagnosis of extranodal lymphomas. Clinical oncology. 2017; 4(28): 73-76 (date of access 8.07.2020) [In Ukr.].

https://www.clinicaloncology.com.ua/article/19925/luchevaya-diagnostika-ekstranodalnyx-limfom

14.   Frampas E. Lymphomas: Basic points that radiologists should know. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. February 2013; 94(2): 131-144.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2012.11.006

Abstract:

In recent years, with the growth of number of patients with multifocal atherosclerosis, revascularization of the brain and myocardium through hybrid intervention is gaining popularity. Although, in the world literature there are practically no results of significant randomized researches concerning percutaneous coronary intervention and carotid endarterectomy in hybrid mode, this technique is becoming more and more preferable and promising in comparison with other methods of treatment.

Aim: was to demonstrate results of revascularization of the brain and myocardium with staged and hybrid strategies, on the base of evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of these strategies on the example of case reports.

Materialsand methods: article presents two case reports, demonstrating different approaches to surgical treatment in patients with combined lesions of arteries of the brain and myocardium. Both patients were over 65 years age, at the time of treatment, had a history of acute cerebral circulation disorders, coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension. At the outpatient stage, they received antiplatelet, hypotensive, and hypolipidemic therapy. During further examination, both patients were found to have unilateral hemodynamically significant stenoses of internal carotid arteries and isolated stenoses of coronary arteries. In first case, patient was selected for hybrid surgical tactics in the volume of carotid endarterectomy and stenting of coronary artery, which was performed with a further favorable prognosis. In the second case, tactics was determined in favor of a staged procedure: first performing carotid endarterectomy, then stenting the affected coronary artery. However, taking into account subjective and objective factors, none of planned interventions were performed.

Results: hybrid revascularization allows to perform correction in two arterial of different regions in a short period of time using surgical and endovascular techniques. An important advantage of this method is the one-time performance, that means correction of MFA manifestations for one hospitalization, or even one anesthesia, with increasing in the availability of revascularization. In the first case report, the successful implementation of a hybrid approach in the treatment of combined vascular pathology in an elderly patient with a burdened anamnesis and significant comorbidities was demonstrated. Within one day, we managed to complete the planned volume of myocardial and brain revascularization and avoid the development of adverse events both in the early postoperative and long-term follow-up periods. The second clinical example clearly shows disadvantages of staged strategy, when the patient is at risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events while waiting for staged interventions, or for subjective reasons may refuse to be hospitalized in a clinic for performimg a particular operation, that as a result, led to negative dynamics and fatal outcome due to acute stroke.

Conclusions: thus, demonstrated case reports show significant potential and effectiveness of hybrid myocardial and brain revascularization using percutaneous coronary intervention and carotid endarteectomy in treatment of patients with combined lesions of two vascular regions. This method of treatment is especially promising in patients with burdened anamnesis and additional risk factors. It not only prevents adverse cardiovascular events in brain and myocardium, but also has greatest availability and implementation of the planned volume of treatment, completely excluding the influence of subjective factors (change of tactics, failure of patient to attend the next stage of treatment, etc.).

References

1.     Bajkov VYu. Combined atherosclerotic lesion of coronary and brachiocephalic arteries - choice of surgical tactics. Bulletin o f Pirogov National Medical & Surgical Center. 2013; 8 (4): 108-111 [In Russ].

2.     Shevchenko YuL, Popov LV, Batrashev VA, Bajkov VYu. Results of surgical treatment of patients with combined atherosclerotic lesions of coronary and brachiocephalic arteries. Bulletin o f Pirogov National Medical & Surgical Center. 2014; 9 (1): 14-17 [In Russ].

3.     Tarasov RS, Kazantsev AN, Ivanov SV et al. Personalized choice of the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with combined lesions of coronary and brachiocephalic arteries: results of testing an automated decision support system in clinical practice. Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2018; 13 (1): 30-39 [In Russ].

4.     Kazanchyan PO, Sotnikov PG, Kozorin MG, Lar'kov RN. Surgical treatment of multifocal lesions in impaired blood circulation of several arterial territories. Russian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2013; (4): 31-38 [In Russ].

5.     Zaharov PI, Tobohov AV. Tactics of surgical treatment of generalized atherosclerosis with combined hemodynamically significant defeat of coronary and carotid arteries. Yakut medical journal. 2013; 2 (42): 52-55 [In Russ].

6.     Charchyan ER, Stepanenko AB, BelovYuV, et al. One-Stage Carotid and Coronary Artery Surgeries in Treatment of Multifocal Atherosclerosis. Cardiology. 2014; 54 (9): 46-51 [In Russ].

7.     2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Russian Journal o f Cardiology. 2019; 24 (8): 151-226 [In Russ].

8.     ESC/ESVS Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial disease 2017. Rossijskij kardiologicheskij zhurnal 2018; 23 (8), 218-221 [In Russ].

9.     Tarasov RS, Kazantsev AN, Ivanov SV, et al. Surgical treatment of multifocal atherosclerosis: coronary and brachiocephalic pathology and predictors of early adverse events development. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2017; 16 (4): 37-44 [In Russ].

10.   Tarasov RS, Ivanov SV, Kazantsev AN etal. Hospital results of different strategies of surgical treatment of patients with concomitant coronary disease and internal carotid arteries stenoses. Complex Issues o f Cardiovascular Diseases. 2016; 5 (4): 15-24 [In Russ].

11.   Shilov AA, Kochergin NA, Ganyukov VI. Hybrid myocardial revascularization in multivessel coronary disease. Current state of the issue. Interventional cardiology. 2015; (41): 22-29 [In Russ].

12.   Alekyan BG, Karapetyan NG. Hybrid surgery in treatment of coronary heart disease. Russian journal of Endovascular surgery. 2017; 4 (1): 5-17 [In Russ].

13. Khubulava GG, Kozlov KL, Sedova EV et al. Importance and role of endovascular techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of generalized atherosclerosis in patients of elderly and senile age. Clinical gerontology. 2014; 20 (5-6): 35-40 [In Russ].

14.   Tarasov RS, Kazantsev AN, Ivanov SV et al. Choosing a strategy for brain and myocardial revascularization in patients with atherosclerosis of internal carotid and coronary arteries: a place for personified medicine. Russian journal of Endovascular surgery. 2018; 5 (2): 241-249 [In Russ].

15.   Frota dos Reis PF, Linhares PV, Pitta FG, Lima EG. Approach to concurrent coronary and carotid artery disease: Epidemiology, screening and treatment. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2017; 63(11): 1012-1016.

16.   Tomai F, Pesarini G, Castriota F et al. Early and Long-Term Outcomes After Combined Percutaneous Revascularization in Patients With Carotid and Coronary Artery Stenoses. Cardiovascular interventios. 2011: 560-8.

17.   Zhang J, Dong Z, Liu P et al. Different Strategies in Simultaneous Coronary and Carotid Artery Revascularization - A Single Center Experience. Arch Iran Med. 2019; 22 (3): 132-136.

18.   Drakopoulou M, Oikonomou G, Soulaidopoulos S et al. Management of patients with concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease. Expert Review o f Cardiovascular Therapy. 2019: 1-32.

Abstract:

Article presents a case report of a 38-year-old patient who was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of acute appendicitis, she was examined and then urgently operated.

Postoperative period was complicated by clinical picture of colonic bleeding. During 1 st day of postoperative period, patient underwent a diagnostic search of bleeding source, conservative hemostatic therapy, transfusion of blood components, however, taking into consideration negative dynamics of patient's condition, laboratory test indicators, the next day, she was urgently operated: lower midline laparotomy, suturing of cecum hematoma, drainage of the abdominal cavity. Eight hours after repeated surgical treatment, against the background of transfusion of blood components, further negative dynamics of patient's condition, laboratory test indicators also worsened, medical concilium decided to perform angiography, followed by a decision on the amount of treatment intraoperatively. Selective angiography of branches of the mesenteric artery was performed, the source of bleeding was diagnosed, and a successful temporary pharmacologic endovascular hemostasis of the branch of the superior mesenteric artery was performed. Post-hemorrhagic anemia in the patient was corrected on the 3rd day after endovascular intervention, 10 days after, patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition.

The choice of the method of endovascular intervention was carried out taking into consideration the ineffective of reoperation, patient's condition, as well as peculiarities of the blood supply to the area of the alleged source of bleeding.

The study also discusses indications and methods of endovascular treatment of colonic bleeding.

References

1.     Avdos'ev JuV, Belozerov IV, Kudrevich AN. Endovascular methods for the diagnosis and treatment of acute bleeding into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Novostihirurgii. 2018; 26 (2): 169-178 [In Russ].

2.     Soh B, Chan S. The use of super-selective mesenteric embolisation as a first-line management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Annals of Medicine and Sur­gery. 2017; 17: 27-32.

3.     Avdos'ev JuV, Bojko W. Angiography and endovascular abdominal bleeding. Ukraina: Savchuk. 2011; 648. [In Russ].

4.     Tan К К, Wong D, Sim R. Superselective Embolization for Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: An Institutional Review Over 7 Years. World J Surg. 2008; 32:2707-2715.

http://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9759-6

5.     Annamalai G, Masson N, Robertson I. Acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage: investigation and treatment. Imaging. 2009; 21(2): 142-151.

6.     Urbano J, Manuel Cabrera J, Franco A, Alonso-Burgos A. Selective arterial embolization with ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer for control of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: feasibility and initial experience. J Vase I nterv Radiol. 2014; 25: 839-846.

7.     Walker TG, Salazar GM, Waltman AC. Angiographic evaluation and management of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18 (11): 1191-1201.

http://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i11.1191

8.     Jang Bl. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding: is urgent colonoscopy necessary for all hematochezia? Clinical Endosc. 2013; 46: 476-479.

9.     Green ВТ, Rockey DC, Portwood G et al. Urgent colonoscopy for evaluation and management of acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100: 2395-2402.

10.   Loffroy R, Falvo N, Nakai M et al. When all else fails - radiological management of severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019; 1-9.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2019.04.005

11.   Shi Z X, Yang J, Liang H W et al. Emergency transcatheter arterial embolization for massive gastrointestinal arterial hemorrhage. Medicine. 2017; 96(52): 9437.

http://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000009437

12.   Nanavati S M. What if endoscopic hemostasis fails? Alternative treatment strategies: interventional radiology. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2014;43(4): 739-752.

http://doi.org/10.1016/i.gtc.2014.08.013

Abstract:

Aim: was to elucidate factors of poor prognosis for chronic brain ischemia in «asymptomatic» patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of vertebral arteries, who regularly take optimal medical therapy.

Methods: in 1st group (n = 44), secondary prevention of cerebrovascular accidents was carried out in a combined strategy - stenting of vertebral arteries in combination with medication therapy, and in 2nd group (n = 56) - only medication therapy. Long-term follow-up was planned after 12, 24 and 36 months. Inclusion criteria: «asymptomatic» patients with stenosis of vertebral arteries 50-95%; diameter of vertebral arteries is not less than 3.0 and not more than 5 mm; presence of cerebral and focal symptoms corresponding to the initial (asymptomatic) stage of chronic brain ischemia (according to E.V. Schmidt). Primary endpoint: total frequency of cardiovascular complications (death, transient ischemic attack or stroke, myocardial infarction).

Results: the total frequency of major cerebral complications over 36 months of follow-up was 4.5% in group 1 and 37.5% in group II (? ²=15.101; p<0.0001). The frequency of cardiac events was 9.1 and 19.6%, respectively, to 1st and 2nd groups (? ²=14.784; p<0.0001). These indicators were obtained against the background of high patient adherence to treatment and high rates of achieving tough target lipid values. Restenosis of stents was observed in general, in 38.67% of patients from group I. Moreover, restenosis alone did not affect the incidence of major cerebral complications in the long-term period (? ²=0.1643; p=0.735). Most significant poor prognosis factors of chronic brain ischemia in «asymptomatic» patients with vertebral artery stenosis, who regularly take optimal medical therapy are: arrhythmia, total cholesterol more than 6.0 mmol/l, incomplete circle of Willis, arterial hypertension, bilateral defeat of vertebral arteries, (low-density lipoprotein) LDL levels of more than 3.5 mmol/I, combined lesion of vertebral and carotid arteries, calcification of vertebral arteries, coronary heart disease in anamnesis.

Conclusion: endovascular intervention in combination with medical therapy could help to avoid the development of major brain complications arising from the instability of atherosclerotic plaque in «asymptomatic» patients with vertebral artery stenosis, and in the presence of poor prognosis factors identified can be regarded as a method of secondary prevention of cerebral circulatory disorders.

References 

1.     Britov AN, Pozdnyakov YuM, Volkova EG, et al. National guidelines on cardiovascular prevention. Kardio-vaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2011;10(6)2: 1-64 [In Russ].

2.     Suslina ZA, Guglevskaja TS, Maksimova MJu, Morgunov VA. Cerebrovascular accidents: diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2016, 440 [In Russ].

3.     Shchukin IA, Lebedeva AV, Burd GS, et al. Chronic cerebral ischemia: syndromological approaches to thera­py. Nevrologiya irevmatologiya. 2015;1:17-24 [In Russ].

4.     Zakharov W, Voznesenskaya TG. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Diagnostic Tests; podobshch. red. N.N.Yakhno. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2015: 320 [In Russ].

5.     Chechetkin AO, Skrylev SI, Koshheev AJu, et al. Clinical and instrumental assessment of the effectiveness of stenting of the vertebral arteries in the near and remote postoperative periods. Annaly klinicheskoj i jeksperimental'noj nevrologii. 2018;12(3): 13-22 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2018.3.2

6.     Sermagambetova ZhN, Maksimova MJu, Skrylev SI, et al. Interventional technologies for the prevention of stroke in the vertebral-basilar system. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(2): 96-103 [In Russ].

7.     Migunova SG. Clinical and epidemiological study of cerebrovascular diseases and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis: Diss. kand. med. Ekaterinburg, 2018: 145 [In Russ].

8.     Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Soci­ety for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur J Vase Endovasc Surg. 2017 Aug 26.

http://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehx095

9.     Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardio­vascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). European Heart Journal. 2020;41:255-323.

http://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehz486

10.   Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). European Heart Journal. 2020;41: 111-188.

http://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehz455

11.   Kamchatnov PR, Umarova HJa, Kabanov AA, Abieva NA. The problem of diagnosis and treatment of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Lechebnoedelo. 2017;3: 68-75 [In Russ].

12.   Kocak B, Korkmazer B, Islak C, et al. Endovascular treatment of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. World J. 2012;4:391-400.

http://doi.org/10.4329/wir.v4.i9.391

13.   Markus HS, Larsson SC, Kuker W, et al. VIST Investigators. Stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: The Vertebral Artery Ischemia Stenting Trial. Neurology. 2017;89(12):1229-1236.

http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.00000000000Q4385

14.   Babayan GB, Zorin RA, Pshennikov AS, et al. Predictors of neurological deficiency in hemodynamically significant stenoses of the carotid and vertebral arteries. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(4): 533-540 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.23888/HMJ201974533-540

15.   Rakhmonov RA, Todzhiddinov ТВ, Isoeva MB, Zuurbekova DP. Total Cardiovascular Risk - A New Approach to Stroke Prediction. Vestnik Avitsenny. 2017;19(4): 471-475. [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2017-19-4-471-475

16.   Shao JX, Ling YA, Du HP, et al. Comparison of hemodynamic changes and prognosis between stenting and standardized medical treatment in patients with symptomatic moderate to severe vertebral artery origin stenosis. M edicine(Baltimore). 2019;98( 13): e14899.

http://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014899

Abstract:

Background: pulmonary hypertension not only aggravates the course of myocardial infarction, but also significantly worsens the prognosis, increasing disability and mortality due to the steadily progressing course. The need to predict the development of pulmonary hypertension in patients with myocardial infarction is not in doubt, since a clear clinical picture manifests itself only in the late stages of the disease, when the effectiveness of the treatment reduces and its cost increases.

Aim: was to define most significant factors, influencing the development of pulmonary hypertension in the subacute period of myocardial infarction to elaborate a model for predicting this pathological condition.

Material and methods: study included 451 men aged 18-60 y.o. with a verified diagnosis of myocardial infarction. All patients underwent a standard diagnostic algorithm, including a comprehensive echocardiographic examination - in first 48 hours and at the end of the third week of the disease. The study group included 84 patients with pulmonary hypertension, which had occurred at the end of the third week of the disease at an initially normal level of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery. Control group consisted of 367 patients with a normal level of mean pulmonary artery pressure in both phases of the study or normalization of this indicator at the end of the subacute period of the disease. Using multivariate analysis of variance from the analytical base, we selected parameters associated with levels of mean pulmonary artery pressure, the proportion of patients with first­time pulmonary hypertension at the end of the subacute Ml. Then, with step-by-step and binary logistic regressions, most sensitive of them were selected for the prognostic model.

Results: study established a number of significant for the development of pulmonary hypertension in the subacute period of myocardial infarction clinical and anamnestic (heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, the presence of pulmonary edema and chronic lung diseases), laboratory (concentrations of the sodium, potassium, chloride; glucose, some parameters of lipid concentration in the blood plasma) and instrumental (the value of left atrium, end-diastolic size of the right ventricle, values of indices of end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular volumes, cardiac index, total pulmonary resistance, the presence of regurgitation at the aortic valve) parameters. Final prognostic model included mean pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate and the presence of aortic valve regurgitation of the second degree and higher in first 48 hours of myocardial infarction. Characteristics of the resulting model allow us to recommend it for practical use.

Conclusions: using a combination of these predictors, as well as prognostic modeling, makes it possible to distinguish among men under 60 years, a high-risk group for the development of pulmonary hypertension in the subacute period of the disease in order to conduct timely additional diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

References

1.     Galie N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society: Endorsed by: Association for European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(1): 67-119. PMID:26320113.

https://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehv317

2.     Haeck ML, Hoogslag GE, Boden H, et al. Prognostic Implications of Elevated Pulmonary Artery Pressure After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2016; 118(3): 326-31. PMID: 27265675.

https://doi.orq/10.1016/i.amicard.2016.05.008

3.     Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231-2264. PMID: 30153967.

https://doi.org/10.1016/i.iacc.2O18.08.1038

4.     Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-AviV, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015; 16(3): 233-70. PMID: 25712077.

https://doi.org/10.1093/ehici/iev014

5.     Erlikh AD. Novel score for mortality risk prediction 6 months after acute coronary syndrome. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(2):3416 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071 -2020-2-3416

6.     Sotnikov AV, Epifanov SYu, Kudinova AN etal. Predictors of recurrent ischemic damages in men under 60 years of age with myocardial infarction. Science of the young (Eruditio Juvenium) 2019; 7(4): 565-574 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.23888/HMJ201974565-574

7.     Panev Nl, FilimonovSN, Korotenko OYu et al. System for predicting the probability of developing respiratory failure in chronic mechanic bronchitis. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2017;16(3): 52-56 [In Russ].

8.     Bax JJ, Di Carli M, Narula J, Delgado V. Multimodality imaging in ischaemic heart failure. Lancet. 2019;393(10175):1056-1070. PMID: 30860031.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33207-0

9.     Sheludko EG, Naumov DE, Prikhodko AG, Kolosov VP. Clinical and functional peculiarities of comorbid obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and asthma. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology o f Respiration. 2019; (71): 23-30 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.12737/article_5c88b5e86b9c18.75963991

10.   Chistyakova MV, Govorin AV, Radaeva EV. Opportunities for prediction of pulmonary hypertension development in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;(4):70-74 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2017-4-70-74

11.   Agapitov LI. Diagnostics and treatment of childish pulmonary arterial hypertension. Diagnostics and treatment of childish pulmonary arterial hypertension. Lechaschi Vrach Journal. 2014; 4: 50 [In Russ].

12.   Laletin DA, Bautin AE, Rubinchik VE, Mikhailov AP. Right ventricle contractility during early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. Circulation Pathology and Cardiac Surgery. 2014; 18(3): 34-38 [In Russ].

13.   Kirillova W. Early ultrasound detection of venous congestion in pulmonary circulation in patients with chronic heart failure. Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2017; 18(3):208-212 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.18087/RHFJ.2017.3.2315

Abstract:

Introduction: among patients with ischemic stroke (IS), more than 17% has atrial fibrillation (AF). The active application of aspiration thrombectomy (AT), in addition to thrombolytic therapy (TLT), can significantly improve functional outcome, prognosis and survival of patients with IS. The main method of preventing of IS in patients with nonvalvular AF today is still an anticoagulant therapy, but percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of the left atrium appendage (LAA) can be an alternative method, especially if anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated or ineffective.

Aim: was to demonstrate results of a complex staged treatment of an age-related patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, complicated by the development of cardioembolic ischemic stroke while taking anticoagulants.

Material and methods: a clinical observation of a 81-year-old patient delivered to the hospital with a clinical manifestation of ischemic stroke in the “therapeutic window”, with a history of persistent AF and taking anticoagulants, is presented. After conservative therapy - a regression of neurological symptoms was achieved. Three days after - negative dynamics in the clinical picture with development of aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Multispiral computed tomography with contrast (MSCT-A): occlusion of M2 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Patient underwent aspiration thrombectomy with complete restoration of blood flow and regression of neurological symptoms. After 2 months from the episode of IS, patient underwent implantation of occlude in the left atrial appendage as a prophylaxis of re-embolism, followed by the abolition of warfarin.

Results: a senile patient returned to normal life and self-care (assessed using the modified Rankin scale 1). During next 13 months patient had no major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or significant bleeding and all that shows that occlusion of LAA is effective.

Conclusions: in the early period of ischemic stroke, isolated aspiration thrombectomy is the operation of choice in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindication for thrombolytic therapy, and endovascular occlusion of the left atrial appendage can be the method of choice for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Further studies are required to assess applicability and reproducibility of the approach we have described in routine clinical practice.

References

1.     Hankey G.J. Stroke. The Lancet. 2017; 389 (10069): 641-654.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30962-X

2.     Feigin V.L., Krishnamurthi R.V., Parmar P., et al; GBD Writing Group; GBD 2013 Stroke Panel Experts Group. Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: The GBD 2013 Study. Neuroepidemiology. 2015; 45 (3):161-76.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000441085

3.     Savello AV, Voznjuk IA, Svistov DV, Babichev KN, Kandyba DV, Shenderov SV, Vlasenko SV, Shlojdo EA, Kachesov JeJu, Esipovich ID, Haritonova TV. Results of treatment of ischemic stroke using intravascular thromboembolectomy in conditions of regional vascular centers in a metropolis (St. Petersburg). Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2018; 118 (12-2): 54-63.

https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201811812254

4.     Savello AV, Svistov DV, Sorokoumov VA. Endovascular treatments for ischemic stroke: Present status and prospects. Nevrologia, nejropsihiatria, psihosomatika. 2015; 7 (4): 42-49.

https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2015-4-42-49

5.     Saposnik G., Gladstone D., Raptis R., et al. Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network (RCSN) and the Stroke Outcomes Research Canada (SORCan) Working Group. Atrial fibrillation in ischemic stroke: predicting response to thrombolysis and clinical outcomes. Stroke. 2013; 44 (1): 99-104.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.676551

6.     Lin H.J., Wolf P.A., Kelly-Hayes M., et al. Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1996; 27 (10): 1760-1764.

https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.27.10.1760

7.     Pistoia F., Sacco S., Tiseo C., et al. The Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke. Cardiol Clin. 2016; 34 (2): 255-268.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2015.12.002

8.     Aguilar M.I., Hart R., Pearce L.A. Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; 18 (3): CD006186.

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006186.pub2

9.     Kamel H., Healey J.S. Cardioembolic Stroke. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (3): 514-526.

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407

10.   Go A.S., Hylek E.M, Phillips K.A., et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001; 285 (18): 2370-2375.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.18.2370

11.   Demaerschalk B.M., Kleindorfer D.O., Adeoye O.M., et al. American Heart Association Stroke Council and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Scientific Rationale for the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016; 47 (2): 581-641.

https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000086

12.   Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T., et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50 (12): 344-418

https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211

13.   Bajwa R.J., Kovell L., Resar J.R., et al. Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol. 2017; 40 (10): 825-831.

https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22764

14.   Kirchhof P., Benussi S., Kotecha D., et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration With EACTS. 2017; 70 (1): 50.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2016.11.033 

Abstract:

Aim: was to analyze the risk of malignancy incidence as a result of exposure of small doses of diagnostic radiation when examining patients on computed tomography (CT).

Material and methods: a retrospective study was conducted on the base of analysis of information from archival protocols for examinations of patients living in Ozersk city and examined in computed tomography department of the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital for the period 1993-2004. Study includes generalized material containing data from several population registers of the Laboratory of Radiation Epidemiology of the South Ural Institute of Biophysics.

Results: study revealed the presence of a statistically insignificant excess of the risk of incidence of malignancy among patients who underwent a CT study from the beginning of the appearance of this type of study in hospitals in the Chelyabinsk region until the end of the first stage of epidemiological surveillance - December 31, 2004.

Conclusion: obtained results are interesting for various categories of specialists: radiologists, radiation epidemiologists, radiobiologists and radiation hygiene specialists. Further research is needed with an extension of the retrospective observation period.

References

1.     Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. Federal Law 21.11.2011 No. 323-FZ «On Principles of the Protection of Citizens' Health in the Russian Federation». Part 4, article 34 [In Russ].

https://www.rosminzdrav.ru/documents/7025 

1.     Narkevich BYa, Dolgushin BI. Radiation safety assurance in computed tomography and interventional radiology. REJR. 2013; 2 (3): 7–19.

2.     Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography – an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2277-2284.

3.     Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 298 of July 31, 2000, dated January 9, 1996, No. 3-FZ (Federal Law) «On Approval of the Regulation on the Unified State System of Control and Accounting for iIndividual Exposures of Citizens» [In Russ].

http://legalacts.ru/doc/prikaz-minzdrava-rf-ot-31072000-n-298/ 

4.     Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 16.06.97 No. 718 «On the procedure for creating a unified state system for monitoring and recording individual doses to citizens» [In Russ].

http://legalacts.ru/doc/postanovlenie-pravitelstva-rf-ot-16061997-n-718/ 

5.     Koshurnikova NA, Kabirova NR, Bolotnikova MG, et al. Description of the register of persons, had lived in childhood near the Mayak Production Association. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2003; 2: 27-34 [In Russ].

6.     Koshurnikova NA, Shilnikova NS, Okatenko PV, et al. Characteristics of cohort of workers of «Mayak» PO. Medical radiology and radiation safety. 1998; 43 (6): 43–57 [In Russ].

7.     United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation: UNSCEAR 2012 report to the General Assembly. Scientific Annexes. New York. United Nations; 2015.

8.     Abramson, JH. WINPEPI updated: computer programs for epidemiologists, and their teaching potential. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations. 2011; 8:1

10.   Preston DL. Epicure User’s Guide. USA: 330.

11.   Howe GR. Lung Cancer Mortality between 1950 and 1987 after Exposure to Fractionated Moderate-Dose-Rate Ionizing Radiation in the Canadian Fluoroscopy Cohort Study and the Comparison with Lung Cancer Mortality in the Atomic Bomb Survivors Study. Radiation Research. 1995; 142: 295-304.

12.   Ivanov VK, Kashcheev VV, Menyaylo SYu, et al. Radiation risk of medical exposure. Radiation and risk. 2012; 21 (4): 7-23 [In Russ].

13.   Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, et al. Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumors: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2012; 380.

14.   Shilnikova NS, Preston DL, Ron E, et al. Cancer Mortality Risk among Workers at the Mayak Nuclear Complex. Radiation Research. 2003; 159: 787–798.

15.   Lebedev NI, Osipov MV, Babintseva NA, et al. Register of patients undergoing CT scan - examinations in the department of radiation diagnostics of the Central Medical Center-71, Ozersk. REJR. 2017; 7 (2): 110-116 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2017-7-2-110-116

16.   Finashov LV, Kuznetsova IS, Sokolnikov ME. Prostate cancer incidence among workers with work-related exposure of radiation at the Mayak Production Association. Radiation and Risk, 2019; 28 (4): 54–64 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2019-28-4-54-64

17.   Fomin EP, Osipov MV. Pooled database of Ozyorsk population exposed to computed tomography. REJR 2019; 9 (2):234-239.

https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2019-9-2-234-239

Abstract:

Introduction: development of software and hardware capabilities of modern computing systems has enabled three-dimensional (3D) modeling and 3D printing technology (medical prototyping) to become available for a wide range of healthcare specialists. Commercial software used for this purpose remains unavailable to private physicians and small institutions due to the high cost. However, there are freeware applications and affordable 3D printers that can also be used to create medical prototypes.

Aim: was to describe stages of creating of physical 3D models based on medical imaging data and to highlight main features of specialized software and to make an overview of main types of 3D printing used in medicine.

Material and methods: article describes process of creation of medical prototype, that can be divided on three main stages: 1) acquisition of medical imaging, obtained by ‘volumetric’ scanning methods (computed tomography (CT), magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), 3D ultrasound (3D US)); 2) virtual 3D model making (on the basis of visualisation data) by segmentation, polygonal mesh extraction and correction; 3) 3D printing of virtual model by the chosen method of additive manufacturing, with or without post-processing.

Conclusion: medical prototypes with sufficient precision and physical properties are necessary for understanding of anatomical structure and surgical crew training and can be made with use of freely available software and inexpensive 3D printers.

References

1.     Luo H, Meyer-Szary О, Wang Z, Sabiniewicz R, Liu Y. Three-dimensional printing in cardiology: current applications and future challenges. Cardiol. J. 2017; 24 (4): 436–444.

2.     Vukicevic M, Mosadegh B, Min J K, Little S H. Cardiac 3D printing and its future directions. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2017; 10 (2): 171–184.

3.     Meier LM, Meineri ·M, Hiansen JQ, Horlick EM. Structural and congenital heart disease interventions: the role of three-dimensional printing. Neth Heart J. 2017; 25 (2): 65–75.

4.     Witschey WR, Pouch AM, McGarvey JR, Ikeuchi K, Contijoch F, Levack MM, Yushkevick PA, Sehgal CM, Jackson BM, Gorman RC, Gorman JH. Three-dimensional ultrasound-derived physical mitral valve modeling. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2014; 98 (2): 691–694.

5.     Vukicevic M, Puperi DS, Grande-Allen KJ, Little SH. 3D Printed Modeling of the Mitral Valve for Catheter-Based Structural Interventions. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2017; 45 (2): 508–519.

6.     Parimi M, Buelter J, Thanugundla V, Condoor S, Parkar N, Danon S, King W. Feasibility and Validity of Printing 3D Heart Models from Rotational Angiography. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2018; 39 (4): 653–658.

7.     Abudayyeh I, Gordon B, Ansari MM, Jutzy K, Stoletniy L, Hilliard A. A practical guide to cardiovascular 3D printing in clinical practice: Overview and examples. J. Interv. Cardiol. 2018; 31 (3): 375–383.

8.     Ripley B, Levin D, Kelil T, Hermsen JL, Kim S, Maki JH, Wilson GJ. 3D printing from MRI Data: Harnessing strengths and minimizing weaknesses. J.of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2016; 45 (3): 1–11.

9.     Wang J, Coles-Black J, Matalanis G, Chuen J. Innovations in cardiac surgery: techniques and applications of 3D printing. J. 3D Print. Med. 2018; 2 (4): 179–186.

10.   Nagibovich OA, Svistov DV, Peleshok SA, Korovin AE, Gorodkov EV. Appliance of 3D printing technology in medicine. Klin. patofiz. 2017; 23 (3): 14–22 [In Russ].

11.   Bagaturiya GO. Prospects for the use of 3D printing in planning of surgical operations. Med.: teorija i praktika. 2016; 1 (1): 26–35 [In Russ].

12.   Kim GB, Lee S, Kim H, Yang DH, Kim Y-H, Kyung YS, Kim C-S, Choi SH, Kim BJ, Ha H, Kwon SU, Kim N. Three-Dimensional Printing: Basic Principles and Applications in Medicine and Radiology. Korean J. of Radiol. 2016; 17): 182.