Abstract:

Introduction: the main methods for diagnosing cardiac neoplasms, allowing to determine the localization, size, involvement of heart structures, to suggest the nature of the pathological process and to plan treatment tactics, are: echocardiography (EchoCG), contrast multispiral computed coronary angiography (MSCT CAG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography (PET CT). At the same time, any additional information about the pathological process can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment. So, for example, selective coronary angiography (CAG), which in this case can be performed to clarify the coronary anatomy and exclude concomitant coronary atherosclerosis, in hands of attentive and experienced specialist of endovascular diagnostic and treatment methods can make a significant contribution to understanding the nature of blood supply of heart neoplasm, thereby bringing closer the formulation of the correct diagnosis and, ultimately, improving results of surgical treatment.

Aim: was to study the nature of blood supply of heart myxoma based on results of a detailed analysis of data of selective coronary angiography in patients with this pathology.

Material and methods: since 2005, 20 patients underwent surgery to remove heart myxoma. The average age of patients was 56,6 + 8,0 (43-74) years. According to data of ultrasound examination, sizes of myxomas ranged from 10 to 46 mm in width and from 15 to 71 mm in length (average size ? 25,6 ? 39,1 mm). In 2/3 of all cases (15 out of 20,75%), the fibrous part of the inter-atrial septum (fossa oval region) was the base of myxomas. In 8 of 20 (40%) cases, tumor prolapse into the left ventricle through structures of the mitral valve was noted in varying degrees. In order to exclude coronary pathology, CAG was performed in 14 cases, in the rest - MSCT CAG.

Results: of 14 patients with myxoma who underwent selective coronary angiography, 12 (85,7%) patients had distinct angiographic signs of vascularization. In all 12 cases, the sinus branch participated in the blood supply of myxoma, begins from the right coronary artery (RCA) in 10 cases: in 7 case it begins from proximal segment of the RCA and, in 3 cases, from the posterior-lateral branch (PLB) of the RCA. In one case, the source of blood supply of neoplasm was the sinus branch extending from PLB of dominant (left type) circumflex artery of the left coronary artery (PLB CxA LCA). In one case, the blood supply to the neoplasm involved branches both from the RCA and CxA, mainly from the left atrial branch of CxA. Moreover, in all 12 cases, sinus branch formed two branches: branch of sinus node itself and left atrial branch. It was the left atrial branch that was the source of blood supply of myxoma. Analysis of angiograms in patients with myxoma of LA showed that left atrial branch in terminal section formed a pathological vascularization in the LA projection, accumulating contrast-agent in the capillary phase (MBG 3-4). In addition to newly formed vascularization, lacunae of irregular shape were distinguished, the size of which varied from 2 to 8 mm along the long axis. In 8 cases, hypervascular areas with areas of lacunar accumulation of contrast-agent showed signs of paradoxical mobility and accelerated onset of venous phase. In two cases, there were distinct angiographic signs of arteriovenous shunt. In 2 cases (when the size of the myxoma did not exceed 15-20 mm according to EchoCG and CT), angiographic signs allowing to determine the presence of LA myxoma were not so convincing: there was no lacunar accumulation of contrast-agent; small (up to 10 mm) hypervascular areas were noticed, the capillary network of which stood out against the general background of uniform contrasting impregnation and corresponded to MBG grade 1-2.

Conclusion: according to our data, angiographic signs of vascularization of myxomas are detected in most cases with this pathology (85,7%). The source of blood supply, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is branch of coronary artery, which normally supplies the structure of the heart, on which the basement of the pathological neoplasm is located. The aforementioned angiographic signs characteristic of myxomas deserve the attention of specialists in the field of endovascular diagnosis and treatment and should be described in details in protocols of invasive coronary angiography.

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Abstract:

Aim: was to make preclinical and imaging tests of the trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (DCTA) complex as a universal contrast agent for MRI and single-photon emission imaging, with Mn (Cyclomang) and ^99mTc- (Cyclotech), respectively.

Material and Methods: the complex of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (DCTA) was synthesized at the department of organic chemistry of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic university, using the original technology in the nanopowder phase using manganese (II) carbonate, or generator eluate ^99mTc, and NaH₂DCTA, resulting in a 0.5 M solution of Мn-DCTA or ^99mTc-DCTA. LD50 values were determined in experiments on laboratory mice. A visualization study was performed in 4 cats and 3 dogs with malignant neoplasms of chest organs and in one dog with a tumor of the left pontocerebellar angle. All of them underwent consecutively MRI with contrast enhancement with Mn-DCTA and SPECT - with ^99mTc-DCTA.

Results: for Cyclotech LD50 >18/ml/kg, for 0.5 M Mn-DCTA (Cyclomang) solution, the LD50 index significantly exceeds 16.9 ml/kg BW. Changes in the content of manganese in the blood plasma of rats when they were administered Mn-DCTA, did not occur. LD50 values allow us to assign the drug in accordance with Russian regulation GOST 12.1.007-76. to group 4 (low-hazard substances). In both cases, in the range of physiological pH, the thermodynamic stability constant is >19.3. In studies in animals with MRI, the enhancement index of T1-weighted spin-echo image of the tumor in all cases exceeded 1.7 (mean 1.82±0.10). When calculating the «tumor/back-ground» index for ^99mTc-DCTA, it was 2.6-7.3 (mean 4.12±1.05).

Conclusion: DCTA complexes with manganese (II) - for enhancement in MRI and with ^99mTc- for SPECT- have very close pharmacokinetic properties, are non-toxic, do not dissociate in physiological environments and can be further used for contrast enhancement in multimodal MRI-SPECT studies. Chelate agents of the ^99mTc with thermodynamic stability constants over 16 may be employed in the nearest future as important source for the development of paramagnetic contrast agents binding Mn.

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Abstract:

Diagnostic criteria for extranodal lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) are well known and described in the literature. However, primary extranodal lymphomas are rare and pose problems for differential diagnosis with primary or secondary lesions.

In the presented clinical case of a woman, 58 years old, with primary extranodal lymphoma of the stomach and spleen, an incorrect preoperative diagnosis was made: a tumor of the stomach and spleen abscess. It was mainly due to the presence of pain in the epigastric region and hospitalization for "severe acute biliary pancreatitis" in anamnesisd. Similar complaints and a "blurry" picture of manifestations of lymphoma did not allow her to be suspected preoperatively. The tumor nature of the focal lesion of the stomach was not in doubt, while the underestimation of MRI data, combined with the anamnesis, led to the erroneous diagnosis o f" spleen abscess". Patient underwent surgical operation: extended combined gastrectomy, distal resection of pancreas, splenectomy “en-bloc”, lymphadenectomy, cholecystectomy, “Roux-Y" reconstruction.

The clinical picture of extranodal lymphoma depends on its primary localization and the degree of its spread. Clinical manifestations of primary lymphoma of the stomach and spleen are often non­specific, therefore, against the background of previously transferred diseases of the hepatopancreatobiliary zone and their residual manifestations, an erroneous assessment of the situation is possible. In the presence of focal lesions, it is advisable to be more attentive to results of radiology examination, which can provide comprehensive information about their nature.

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ABSTRACT:

Article presents a literature review on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sacroiliac joints in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.

Aim: was to analyze domestic and foreign literature sources that reflect the state of the problem and aspects of radiodiagnostics of sacroiliac joints in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Materials and methods: article contains analysis of 29 literature sources of leading domestic and foreign scientific journals.

Results: for a reliable diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, the presence of x-ray confirmed sacroiliitis is a prerequisite. However, difficulties in confirming or absence of sings of sacroiliitis on radiography at the beginning of the disease leads to a delay in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, which is established for 5-10 years after first clinical signs of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging allows us to evaluate changes in sacroiliac joints in early stages of the disease and prevent the development of significant structural changes that lead to early disability of patients. MR-symptoms of active inflammation of sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis include: edema of the bone marrow (ostitis) in subchondral parts of iliac bones and sacrum, edema of the capsule (capsulitis) and periarticular ligaments (enteritis) joint, as well as synovitis, accompanied by synovial effusion into the joint cavity. MR-symptoms of structural changes in sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis include: bone erosion, sclerosis, fat deposits of the bone marrow, bone bridges, ankyloses.

Conclusion: magnetic resonance imaging currently occupies a leading position in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, which allows us to identify active inflammatory and structural changes in sacroiliac joints.

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Abstract:

Introduction: development of software and hardware capabilities of modern computing systems has enabled three-dimensional (3D) modeling and 3D printing technology (medical prototyping) to become available for a wide range of healthcare specialists. Commercial software used for this purpose remains unavailable to private physicians and small institutions due to the high cost. However, there are freeware applications and affordable 3D printers that can also be used to create medical prototypes.

Aim: was to describe stages of creating of physical 3D models based on medical imaging data and to highlight main features of specialized software and to make an overview of main types of 3D printing used in medicine.

Material and methods: article describes process of creation of medical prototype, that can be divided on three main stages: 1) acquisition of medical imaging, obtained by ‘volumetric’ scanning methods (computed tomography (CT), magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), 3D ultrasound (3D US)); 2) virtual 3D model making (on the basis of visualisation data) by segmentation, polygonal mesh extraction and correction; 3) 3D printing of virtual model by the chosen method of additive manufacturing, with or without post-processing.

Conclusion: medical prototypes with sufficient precision and physical properties are necessary for understanding of anatomical structure and surgical crew training and can be made with use of freely available software and inexpensive 3D printers.

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4.     Witschey WR, Pouch AM, McGarvey JR, Ikeuchi K, Contijoch F, Levack MM, Yushkevick PA, Sehgal CM, Jackson BM, Gorman RC, Gorman JH. Three-dimensional ultrasound-derived physical mitral valve modeling. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2014; 98 (2): 691–694.

5.     Vukicevic M, Puperi DS, Grande-Allen KJ, Little SH. 3D Printed Modeling of the Mitral Valve for Catheter-Based Structural Interventions. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2017; 45 (2): 508–519.

6.     Parimi M, Buelter J, Thanugundla V, Condoor S, Parkar N, Danon S, King W. Feasibility and Validity of Printing 3D Heart Models from Rotational Angiography. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2018; 39 (4): 653–658.

7.     Abudayyeh I, Gordon B, Ansari MM, Jutzy K, Stoletniy L, Hilliard A. A practical guide to cardiovascular 3D printing in clinical practice: Overview and examples. J. Interv. Cardiol. 2018; 31 (3): 375–383.

8.     Ripley B, Levin D, Kelil T, Hermsen JL, Kim S, Maki JH, Wilson GJ. 3D printing from MRI Data: Harnessing strengths and minimizing weaknesses. J.of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2016; 45 (3): 1–11.

9.     Wang J, Coles-Black J, Matalanis G, Chuen J. Innovations in cardiac surgery: techniques and applications of 3D printing. J. 3D Print. Med. 2018; 2 (4): 179–186.

10.   Nagibovich OA, Svistov DV, Peleshok SA, Korovin AE, Gorodkov EV. Appliance of 3D printing technology in medicine. Klin. patofiz. 2017; 23 (3): 14–22 [In Russ].

11.   Bagaturiya GO. Prospects for the use of 3D printing in planning of surgical operations. Med.: teorija i praktika. 2016; 1 (1): 26–35 [In Russ].

12.   Kim GB, Lee S, Kim H, Yang DH, Kim Y-H, Kyung YS, Kim C-S, Choi SH, Kim BJ, Ha H, Kwon SU, Kim N. Three-Dimensional Printing: Basic Principles and Applications in Medicine and Radiology. Korean J. of Radiol. 2016; 17): 182.

13.   Shi D, Liu K, Zhang X, Liao H, Chen X. Applications of three-dimensional printing technology in the cardiovascular field. Inter. and Emergency Med. 2015; 10: 769–780.

14.   Byrne N, Forte MV, Tandon A, Tandon A, Valverde I, Hussain T. A systematic review of image segmentation methodology, used in the additive manufacture of patient specific 3D printed models of the cardiovascular system. JRSM Cardiovasc. Disease. 2016; 5 (0): 1–9.

15.   Valverde I. Three-dimensional printed cardiac models: applications in the field of medical education, cardiovascular surgery, and structural heart interventions. Revista Espaсola de Cardiologнa (English Edition). 2017; 70 (4): 282–291.

16.   Karyakin NN, Shubnyakov II, Denisov AO, Kachko A V, Alyev RV, Gorbatov RO. Regulatory concerns about medical device manufacturing using 3D printing: current state of the issue. Travmatol. i ortop. Ross. 2018; 24 (4): 129–136 [In Russ].

Abstract

Aim: was to identify possibilities of MRI with contrast enhancement in assessment of differentiation

grade of liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET).

Materials and methods: 103 patents with morphologically confirmed liver metastases of NET were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced MRI. A total of 241 lesions were assessed. In the region of interest, which corresponded to the rounded locus in solid port-contrast T1-weighted images. Obtained data were compared in groups of different grade of tumor tissues differentiation; the correlation of MRI parameters with Ki67 was also evaluated.

Results: study demonstrated that Grade (G) 1 of NET metastases are characterized by a more active accumulation of MR contrast agent (MRCA) and a higher SI in arterial (p=0,0002, p=0,0003, respectively) and venous (p=0,0003, p=0,0001, respectively) phases of contrast enhancement compared with G2 and G3. Also, well-differentiated NETs had higher SI in the delayed phase of contrast enhancement (p = 0,0038) and the more rapid wash-out of MRCA (p=0,0314). The Ki67 index inversely correlated with the degree of MRCA accumulation in arterial and venous phases of MRI with contrast enhancement. Revealed consistency may be useful for guided tissue sampling in biopsy and identification of the grade "migration" phenomenon, which will allow competently and timely choose/change treatment modality.

References

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2.     Basuroy R, Srirajaskanthan R, Ramage JK. A multimodal approach to the management of neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases. Int. J. Hepatol. 2012; 81(9):80-93.

3.     Orel NF, Gorbunova VA, Delektorskaya VV et. al. Practical recommendations for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii RUSSCO. 2018; 12 (1): 430-456 [In Russ].

4.     Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System 4th ed. Lyon. IARC.2010.

5.     Rindi G, Falconi M, Klersy C et. al. TNM staging of neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas: results from a large international cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012; 104 (4): 764-777.

6.     Lloyd RV, Osamura RY Kloppel G. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs 4th ed. Lyon. IARC, 2017.

7.      Basturk O, Tang L, Hruban RH et. al. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 44 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014; (6): 437-447.

8.     Tang LH, Basturk O, Sue JJ. A Practical Approach to the Classification of WHO Grade 3 (G3) Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (WD-NET) and Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PD-NEC) of the Pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016; 40: 1192-1202.

9.     Iwazawa J, Onue S. Transarterial chemoembolization with miriplatinlipiodol emulsion for neuroendocrine metastases of the liver. World J. Radiol. 2010; 12: 468-471.

10.   Basturk O, Yang Z, Tang LH et. al. The high-grade (WHO G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor category is morphologically and biologically heterogenous and includes both well differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015; 39: 683-690.

11.   Khan MS, Luong TV, Watkins J et. al. A comparison of Ki-67 and mitotic count as prognostic markers for metastatic pancreatic and midgut neuroendocrine neoplasms. Br J Cancer. 2013; 108: 1838-45.

12.   Ueda Y, Toyama H, Fukumoto T et. al. Prognosis of Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas According to the World Health Organization 2017 Classification. J. pancreas. 2017; 12: 216-220.

13.   Pavel RM, Baudin E, Couvelard A et. al. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary. Neuroendocrinology. 2012; 95 (2): 157-176.

14.   Cuneo KC, Chenevert TL, Ben-Josef E et. al. A pilot study of diffusion-weighted MRI in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation for pancreatic cancer. Transl. Oncol. 2014; 7 (5): 644-649.

15.   Oberg K. Neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive tract: impact of new classifications and new agents on therapeutic approaches. Curr Opin Oncol. 2012; 24 (4): 433-440.

16.   Kulke MH, Shah MH, Benson AB, Neuroendocrine tumors, version 1.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2015; 13 (1): 78-108.

17.   Belousova EL (Amosova EL), Karmazanovskiy GG, Kubyshkin VA et. al. CT signs, allowing to determine the optimal treatment tactics for neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2015; 5: 73-82 [In Russ].

18.   Besa C, Ward S, Cui Y et. al. Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases: Value of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Enhancement Ratios for Characterization of Histopathologic Grade. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016; 44 (6): 1432-1441.

19.   Guo CG, Ren S, Chen X et. al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: prediction of the tumor grade using magnetic resonance imaging findings and texture analysis with 3-T magnetic resonance. Cancer Manag Res. 2019; 11:1933-1944.

20.   Hussain SM, Liver MRI. Correlation with other imaging modalities and histopathology. 2007.

Abstract:

Background: the optimal method for radiological diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in planning multifocal biopsy is multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)

Aim: was to improve the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) in patients with a negative primary biopsy, proceeding from mpMRI findings analysis based on results of the repeated procedure (24 cores) with targeted sampling of suspicious lesions.

Materials and methods: 732 patients were examined, 714 of them had been included in data of analysis. Prostatic mpMRI found suspicious foci with PI-RADS 3-5 in 396/714 (55.5%) patients. Results: The detection of PCa with a Gleason score of >7, PI-RADS 4 and 5 accounted for 65.9% and 80.0%, respectively Diagnostic sensitivity of mpMRI with a PI-RADS >4 in the diagnosis of PCa in patients with suspicious foci (n=396) was 83.6%, specificity - 84.9%; in the whole of 714 patients it was 46.4% and 86.7%, with a Gleason score of >7 - 75.3% and 89.3%, respectively In 73/290 (25.2%) patients with PI-RADS 3-5, PCa was detected in a systematic rather than in targeted biopsy, 17/73 (23.3%) of them having Gleason score >7. In 70/318 (22.0%) patients with PI-RADS 1-2, PCa was detected in systematic biopsy, in 11/70 (15.7%) cases Gleason score being >7.

Conclusion: mpMRI diagnostic accuracy for csPCa in patients with negative primary biopsy making it possible to refrain from repeated biopsy in males with PI-RADS 1-3; if repeated biopsy is necessary, the systematic one may be recommended.

References

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3.      Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M. et al. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur. Urol. 2017; 71 (4): 618-629.

4.      Standardized indicators of oncoepidemiological situation 2016. Evraziyskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal. 2018; 6(2). Avaiable at: http://cisoncology.org/files/stat_oncology_2016.pdf (accessed 31 July 2018) [In Russ].

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6.      NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) with NCCN Evidence Blocks™. Prostate Cancer. 2018; Ver. 3. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/evidenceblocks/ (accessed 31 July 2018).

7.      Karman AV, Leusik EA. Comprehensive diagnostics for prostate cancer patients with negative primary biopsy. Early findings of a prospective study. Onkologicheskiy zhurnal. 2013; 7 (4): 65-71 [In Russ].

8.      Karman AV, Leusik EA. Diagnostic potential of PI-RADS for patients with negative results of initial multifocal biopsy. Onkologicheskii zhurnal. 2014; 8 (2): 20-27 [In Russ].

9.      Futterer JJ, Briganti A, de Visschere P. et al. Can clinically significant prostate cancer be detected with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging? A systematic review of the literature. Eur. Urol. 2015; 68 (6): 1045-1053.

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21.    Brown LC, Ahmed HU, Faria R. et al. Multiparametric MRI to improve detection of prostate cancer compared with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy alone: the PROMIS study. Health Technol. Assess. 2018; 22 (39): 1-176.

Abstract:

A clinical case of right atrial diverticulum in a 34-year-old patient is presented, which was suspected during echocardiography and confirmed during magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. Main main features of the anomaly and clinical and radiation features of the atrial diverticulum are presented in discussion. 

References

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2.      Soroka NV, Shelestova IA, Kosmacheva ED, Porkhanov VA. Case report of a giant aneurysm of the right atrium in a patient of seventy-eight years. Pathology of blood circulation and cardiac surgery. 2014; 18(2): 66-68 [In Russ].

3.      Binder TM, Rosenhek R, Frank H.et al. Congenital malformations of the right atrium and the coronary sinus: an analysis based on 103 cases reported in the literature and two additional cases. Chest. 2000; 117(6): 1740-1748.

4.      Hofmann S.R., Heilmann A., Hдusler H. J., Dahnert I. et all Congenital idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium: antenatal appearance, postnatal management, long-term follow-up and possible pathomechanism. Fetal Diagn. Ther. 2012; 32: 256-261.

5.      Sanchez-Brotons J.A., Lуpez-Pardo F. J., Lуpez-Haldуn J. E., Rodmguez-Puras M. J. Giant Right Atrial Diverticulum: Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2013; 6(03): 222-223.

Abstract:

Aim: was to identify features of disorders of brain perfusion and diffusion in venous stroke anc arterial stroke by CT and MRI.

Material and methods: in groups with acute venous stroke due dural sinustrombosis without primary hemorrhage (n=39) and atherothrombotic stroke (n=33) were performed perfusion CT (with relative MTT, CBV CBF) and MRI (with relative DWI and ADC), besides routine CT and CTA.

Results: rMTT in central areas were not different, but in venous stroke perifocal zone rMTT=1.27±0.2 vs. 1.68±0.6 in arterial stroke (p=0.00001); rCBF=0.76±0.5 vs. 0.36±0.2 focal and 1.28±0.25 vs. 0.69±0.26 perifocal (p=0.00001); rCBV=0.89±0.4 vs. 0.55±0.25 focal (p=0.0000001) and perifocal 1.28±0.25 vs. 1.07±0.42 (p=0,0006); rDWI = 1.69±0.34 vs. 2.11±0.47 focal (p=0.0001) and rDWI=1.1±0.4 vs. 2.14±0.32 perifocal (p=0.0039); rADC in central zone of venous lesions average 1.26±0.99 vs. 0.63±0.25 arterial stroke (p=0.0018); perifocal no different. A high correlation (r=0.95) was found when comparing the area affected (cm2) on CBV and DWI maps.

Conclusion: MR or CT perfusion and MR diffusion imaging in acute stroke make it possible to distinguish between primary arterial ischemic brain damage from congestive plethora due venous stroke. Perfusion-diffusion mismatch venous stroke has a different origin than in arterial stroke. If infarction is not formed benign hyperemia (not oligemia) - early vasogenic edema identified like basis of venous stroke. Venous ischemia is secondary and is associated with an externally constriction of microcirculation.

References

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2.      Hacke W., Hennerici M.G., Gelmers H.J., Kramer G. Cerebral ischemia. Springer Verlag BerlinHeidelberg. 1991; 238.

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5.      Kawaguchi T., Kawano T., Kaneko Y et al. Classification of venous ischemia with MRI. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2001; 8(Suppl. 1): 82-88.

6.      Nentwich L.M., Veloz W. Neuroimaging in acute stroke. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2012; 30: 659-80.

7.      Luby M., Ku K.D., Latour L. Et al. Visual perfusion-diffusion mismatch is equivalent to quantitative mismatch. Stroke. 2011;42:1010-14.

8.      Semenov S.E., Kovalenko A.V., Khromov A.A. et al. Kriterii diagnostiki negemorragicheskogo venoznogo insul'ta metodami rentgenovskoj mul'tispiral'noj komp'yuternoj (MSKT) i magnitno-rezonansnoj tomografii (MRT). [Non-haemorrhagic venous stroke diagnosis criteria by multisliced computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonsnce imaging (MRI).] Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2012;1:43-53 [In Russ.].

9.      Portnov YU.M., Semenov S.E., Kokov A.N. Perfuzionnaya komp'yuternaya tomografiya v ocenke sostoyaniya cerebral'noj gemodinamiki u pacientov s ishemicheskoj bolezn'yu serdca, perenesshih koronarnoe shuntirovanie v usloviyah iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniya. [Perfuison CT in assessment of cerebral hemodynamics in coronary artery disease patients undergoing on-pump CABG.] Sibirskii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2016;31(2):34-37 [In Russ.]

10.    Shatohina M.G. Magnitno-rezonansnaya i komp'yuternaya tomografiya v diagnostike negemorragicheskogo insul'ta, vyzvannogo cerebral'nym venoznym trombozom. [MRI and CT in diagnosis of non-hemorrhagic stroke, caused by venous thrombosis]Diss. kand. med. nauk. Tomsk. 2012; 193 [In Russ].

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12.    Nguyen T.B., Lum C., Eastwood J.D. et al. Hyperperfusion on perfusion computed tomography following revascularization for acute stroke. Acta Radiol. 2005; 46(6):610-15. doi: 10.1080/02841850510021607.

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14.    Oray D., Limon O., Ertan C. et al. Inter-observer agreement on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging interpretation for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke among emergency physicians. Turk J Emerg Med. 2015; 15(2): 64-68. doi: 10.5505/1304.7361.2015.32659.

15.    Semenov S.E., Moldavskaya I.V., Semenov A.S., Barbarash L.S. Kriterii MR- i KT-differencial'noj diagnostiki venoznogo I arterial'nogo insul'ta. [The MR- and CT-Differential Diagnostic Criteria of Venous and Arterial Insult.] Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2010; 6: 41-9 [In Russ.].

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Abstract:

Aim: was to assess the consistency of measurements of anatomic and functional parameters performed with EchoCG and MRI and to determine the possibility of MRI to visualize the coaptation of valve leaflets after reconstruction of the aortic valve (AV) using the Ozaki technique.

Material and methods: the study included 124 patients who underwent MRI of the heart anc transthoracic EchoCG, 9,3±4,0 days after the Ozaki operation. With EchoCG and MRI, EDV and LV EF were calculated. Dopplerography determined the area of AV opening and the transaortal pressure gradient. At MRI, the area of AV opening was planetically measured, and the transoortal pressure gradient was calculated from results of phase contrast study To assess the consistency of measurement results, the Blend-Altman method was used.

Results: mean values obtained with EchoCG and MRI were statistically significantly different (p<0,001) only when measuring LV EDV The greatest accordance between measurements of EchoCG and MRI was observed in the evaluation of the transaortal pressure gradient (0,04±3,7 mm Hg). Less coordinated were measurements of the opening area of AV (0,22±0,79 cm2) and LV EF (0,22±8,9%). Less consistency was in measurement of EDV (26,4±33,0 ml). The mean value of the difference was statistically significantly different from zero when measuring the opening area of AV (p=0,180) and the transaortal pressure gradient (p=0,120). The article presents 5 clinical examples of visual evaluation of leaflets coaptation after AV reconstruction by the Ozaki method.

Conclusions: differences in consistency in the assessment of the opening area of the AV and the transaortal pressure gradient in echocardiography and MRI are not clinically significant, indicating that these measurement methods can be used interchangeably after AV reconstruction using the Ozaki technique.

Results of measurements of EDV size and LV EF in EchoCG and MRI are less consistent and not interchangeable, therefore, measurement results should be interpreted in the context of the specific method

MRI should be a part of the diagnostic algorithm after Ozaki surgery, but its use in the early postoperative period may be limited to cases of poor quality or inconsistent Echocardiography

References

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7.      Gardner B., Bingham S., Allen M. et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance versus transthoracic echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac volumes and regional function after myocardial infarction: an intrasubject comparison using simultaneous intrasubject recordings. The J of Cardiovasc ultrasound. 2009;7:38-44.

8.      Li C., Lossnitzer D., Katus H.A. et al. Comparison of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by monoplane cineventriculography, unenhanced echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 28(5):1003-1010.

9.      Malm S., Frigstad S., Sagberg E.; et al. Accurate and reproducible measurement of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction by contrast echocardiography a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44(5):1030-1035.

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11.    Ozaki S., KawaseI., Yamashita H., et al. A total of 404 cases of aortic valve reconstruction with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium. J. Thora Cardiovasc Surg. 2014; 147(1):301-306.

12.    Rossejkin E.V., Bazylev V.V., Batrakov P.A. i dr. Neposredstvennye rezul'taty protezirovanija stvorok aortal'nogo klapana autoperikardom po metodike Ozaki [Immediate results of aortic valve leaflets replacement with auto pericardium due to Ozaki technique]. Patobgija krovoobrashhenija i kardiohirurgija. 2016; 20(2):44-48 [ In Russ].

13.    Ozaki S., Kawase I., Yamashita H., et al. Aortic Valve Reconstruction Using Autologous Pericardium for Aortic Stenosis. Circ J. 2015; 79(7):1504-1510.

14.    Izgi C. MRI evaluation of aortic stenosis: flow evaluation. https://www.escardio.org/Education/PracticeTools/ EACVI-toolboxes/Valvular-Imaging/Atlas-of-valvular-imaging/Aortic-stenosis/MRI-evaluation-of-aortic- stenosis-flow-evaluation

15.    La Manna A., Sanfilippo A., Capodanno D. et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the assessment of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a pilot study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011;13: 82-90.

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17.    Oosterhof T, Mulder B.J.M., Vliegen H.W. et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the follow-up of patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot. American Heart J. 2006;151:265-272.

18.    Bazylev V.V., Paramonova T.I., Vdovkin A.V., Pal'kova V.A. Pri kakom razmere KDO u bol'nyh s sistolicheskoj disfunkciej levogo zheludochka predpochtitel'no vypolnenie magnitno-rezonansnoj tomografii [What dimensions of EDV in patients with systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle is preferable to perform MRI?.]. Diagnosticheskaja i intervencionnaja radiologija. 2017;11(2):30-37 [In Russ].

19.    Bazylev V.V., Paramonova T.I., Vdovkin A.V., Karpuhin V.G., Pal'kova V.A. Soglasovannost' JehoKG i MRT v ocenke mitral'noj regurgitacii i KDO u bol'nyh s dilataciej levogo zheludochka [Accordance of MRI and EchoCG in estimation of mitral regurgitation and EDV in patients with left ventricle dilatation]. Luchevaja diagnostika i terapija. 2017;1 (8): 64-68 [ In Russ].

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the potentialities of MRI in prenatal differential diagnosis of congenital abnormalities (CA). Results of 65 MR I-studies were analyzed. Ultrasound findings of CA were the indications for MRI. MR-images were obtained on GESigna Execute II (1,5T). The final diagnoses were made by postnatal autopsy, which served as a «golden standard» of neonatal CA diagnostics. Sensitivity of the MRI for fetal CA detection was 96,7%, specificity - 100%, diagnostic accuracy - 96,9%. Predicting reliability of the method for positive results was 100%, for negative results- 71,4%. In 46,2% of cases MRI and echo results agreed, in 23,1% MRI findings changed the diagnosis, and in 16,2% MRI provided additional information, which in 10,8% changed the pregnancy management strategy. Thus, MRI is shown to be highly informative in diagnosis of the fetal CA, and be able to refine the ultrasound findings. Using the MRI improves substantially the results of prenatal testing for CA, decreases the need for invasive procedures, and allows adequate planning of antenatal and postnatal management. 

Reference

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Abstract:

The preclinical evaluation of the 0,5 M solution of the manganese(II)-DTPA [Mn(II)-DTPA] complex (mangapentetate) has been carried out in order to test the ability of Mangenese to be employed as substiute of potentially toxic Gadolinium in paramagnetic contrast agents for the MRI clinical routines. The toxicologic tests of the Mn(II)-DTPAwere carried out in mice, rats and rabbits. Saline phantoms served for calculation of the R1 -relaxivity of the Mn(II)-DTPA, in comparison to the Gd(III)-DTPA (Magnevist). Normal healthy rabbits (n = 12), healthy dogs (n = 5) and dogs with tumors (n = 5) served for quantification of imaging abilities of the Mn(II)-DTPA in vivo in animals. The LD50 in rats was over 10 ml/kg, essentially close to that one of Gd(III)-DTPA. The increase in intensity oftheTI-weighted images induced by addition of the Mn(II)-DTPA in phantom tests did not differ significantly from the values obtained with gadopentetate. Mn(II)-DTPA delivered prominent enhancement of normal kidneys in healthy rabbits as well as chest tumors in dogs. We conclude the mangapentetate can be employed as paramagnetic contrast agent in routine MRI studies and is worth clinical testing. 

Reference

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Abstract:

Purpose. Was to investigate the radiodiagnostic features of ASD in different age groups and to evaluate the role of chest X-rays in diagnostics of this disease.

Materials and methods. 48 patients with ASD were studied (aged 15–71 yaers, mean 47,2 ± 15), including 16 men and 32 women. We have diagnosed ostium primum defect (3 pts), ostium secundum defect (42 pts), sinus venosus defect, combined with PAPVD (3 pts). All of them underwent chest x-rays, echocardiography and cardiac MRI (with phase-contrast sequences). Patients were divided into two groups: 1st group – older than 40 years (30 pts) and 2nd group – less than 40 years (18 pts).

Results. In the 1st group, heart failure, valve regurgitations and atypical radiographic findings were more common than in the 2nd group. The size of both atria, pulmonary arteries' diameter and systolic PAP levels were also greater in patients older than 40 yaers. Groups did not differ by the volume of intracardiac shunt and the size of the defect. 6 pts with small defects had no radiographical signs of CHD. 11 patients from the 1st group had signs of hypervolemic CHD, but significant heart chambers’ enlargement impeded more accurate diagnostics. Patients with marked pulmonary arterial hypertension differed significantly from patients with lower PAP levels by radiographical signs.

Conclusions. Specificity of chest x-rays in diagnostics of ASD is lower in patients of 2nd group. Chest x-rays is an effective screening method to reveal abnormalities of pulmonary circulation, such as pulmonary venous hypertension and pulmonary plethora.

References

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Abstract:

Article demonstrates possibilities of modern methods of medical visualization in diagnostics of reccurent uterine tumors. Data of 219 patients with invasive cancer of cervix and endometrium was analyzed. The period of analysis is 08.2006-07.2011 yrs. Article describes comparative analysis of MRI and US in diagnostics of reccurent endometrial and cervical cancer with different localizations. According to results of the study the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of recurrent tumors in patients with cancer were 81%, 99% and 94%, respectively The sensitivity of MRI in detecting recurrent cancer of the uterus corresponded to 100%.

References

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Abstract:

Purpose. Was to estimate the efficiency of MRI in specified diagnostics of colorectal cancer (CRC) local spread (distal parts of a rectum anc anal channel cancer). To develop diagnostic criteria of tumor local spread, lymph nodes' lesion and involvement of surrounding tissues and organs.

Materials and methods. Research included 25 patients with verified CRC. For specificied diagnostics of cancer local spread patients underwent MRI before and after paramagnetic contrast enhanced. All researches were spent on magnetic-resonance tomography platform GE Signa 1,5T.

Results. We have revealed and studied all the types of CRC local spread in connection with TNM classification due to MRI.

Conclusion. MRI gives the full information about tumor local spread. Application of paramagnetics gives additional information about expression degree of invasive process. MRI is effective technique as a diagnostic procedure during preoperative preparation.

References 

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Abstract:

The main part of the research is given to radiodiagnostics of tubercolisis lesion of backbone (traditional x-ray, ultrasound diagnostics, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging). We have exmined 452 patients: 40 patients (8,8%) had cervical spine lesions, 185 patients (41%) - thoracic spine lesions, thoracic-lumbar spine - 75 patients (16,8%), lumbar spine - 141 patients (31,1%), lumbar-sacral spine - 11 patients (2,5%). It is especially marked that combination of lungs tuberculosis and spondylitis is higher not only in patients with antibiotic resistant infection but n patients with tuberculosis combined with AIDS.

References 

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5.    Лавров В.Н. Диагностика и лечение больных туберкулезным спондилитом. Проблемы туберкулеза. 2001; 4: 30-32.

6.    Гусева Н.И., Иванов В.М., Потапенко Е.И. и др. Иммунный статус больных активным туберкулезным спондилитом. Проблемы туберкулеза и болезней легких. 2003; 6: 25-28.

7.    Селюкова Н.В. Зонография в диагностике туберкулеза позвоночника на поликлиническом этапе. Проблемы туберкулеза и болезней легких. 2008; 11, 21-23.

8.    Мердина Е.В., Митусова Г.М., Советова Н.А. Ультразвуковая диагностика забрюшинных абсцессов при туберкулезе позвоночника. Проблемы туберкулеза. 2001; 4: 19-21.

9.    Лукьяненок П.И. Магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике туберкулезного спондилита. Руководство для врачей. 2008.

10.  Щ Советова Н.А., Джанкаева О.Б., Кравцова О.С. и др. Туберкулезный спондилит взрослых в условиях генерализации инфекции и лекарственной резистентности возбудителя. Невский радиологический форум 2-5 апреля 2011 г. С.-Пб.: Научные материалы. 2011; 223-224.

11.  Шилова М.В. Туберкулез в России в 2009 г. М. 2009; 159-161.

Abstract:

We have analyzed 64 patients' MRI data: all the patients were after lumbar hearnioplasty, postoperative period from 2 to 14 years. Patients were divided into two groups, 1st - 46 patients with the presence of postoperative radicular cord compression pain (RCCP); 2nd - 18 patients without RCCP

18 of 46 patients from the 1st group had posterior disc hernias, situated in the overlying segment: 12 (26,0%) - in the underlying

Elastic protrusion (EP) at the level adjacent to the operated disc, was established in 25 (54,3%) patients in the overlying and in the underly-

ng segments. 11 patients (23,9%) had a combination of hernia and disc protrusion at other levels

There are general changes of the adjacent vertebral-motion segments (VMS) as later operation' after-effects: hypertrophy of the posterior ongitudinal and yellow ligaments, osteoarthritis of the intervertebral joints, intervertebral foramen stenosis, spondylosis deformans.

References 

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4.    Щербук   Ю.А.   Значение   эндоскопического видеомониторинга в предупреждении рецидивов дискогенных пояснично-крестцовых радикулитов и их хирургическом лечении. Тезисы докл. VI международного симпозиума. С.-Пб. 1999; 281-284.

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6.    Hochnauser   L.   et  al.   Recurrent, post-diskectomy  low  back  pain.   MR-surgical correlation. AJR 1988; 755-760.

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8.    Цементис С.А., Гусев Е.И. Дифференциальная диагностика в неврологии и нейрохирургии. М.: Издательская группа «ГЭОТАР-Медиа». 2005; 268-310.

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Abstract:

Purpose. Was to investigate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in focal hepatic lesions diagnostic.

Material and methods. Data of 70 patients (20 men) aged 28-78 years with focal hepatic lesions were analyzed. All of them underwent 1,5 T MRI; DWI obtained at b values of 50 s/mm2, 400 s/mm2, and 800 s/mm2. The results of MSCT data, intra-operative visual and ultrasound examination, histology of operation probes, and follow-up data were confermed.

Results. In 70 patients 203 focal lesions sized 3-168 mm: cysts (55), angiomas(36), metastases (89), nodal hyperplasia(5), primary tumors (5), abscesses (5), focal necroses (2) were revealed. DWI is capable of making differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions: cysts were not visualized at b = 800 s/mm2, and their ADC was (2,5 ± 0,2) × 10~3 s/mm2. Metastases were visible in all b-values, and had ADC lower than that for cysts (1,2 ± 0,5) × 10~3 s/mm2). Angiomas also were good visualized in all b-values, but ADC of angiomas was higher and varied from 1,5x 10~3 to 2,6 x 10~3 s/mm2. DWI is advantageous in detecting of small (less than 1 cm) foci: even if this kind of lesions was indistinct atT1 and T2 weighed images, DWI showed high intensity and well-defined edges.

Conclusions. Diffusion weighed MRI appeared to play additional role in differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions, enhancing detectabi-lity of the small (less than 1 cm) foci. The technique is simple, cost-effective and not time-consuming. 

     References 

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2.     Holzapfel К. et al. Detection and Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions using Respiratory-Triggered Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging (DWI). MAGNETOM Flash. The Magazine of MR Issue. RSNA Edition. 2008; 2: 6-9.

3.     Ринкк П.А. Магнитный резонанс в медицине. М. «Гэотар-Мед». 2003; 138.

4.     Bruegel M. et al. Diagnosis of Hepatic Metastasis. Comparison of Respiration-Triggered Diffusion-Weghted Echo-Planar MRI and Five T2-Weighted Turbo Spin-Echo Sequences. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2008; 191: 1421-1429.

5.     Coenegrachts K. et al. Improved focal liver les ion detection: comparison of singleshot diffusion-weighted echoplanar and single-shot T2 weighted turbo spin echo techniques. Brit. J. ofRadiol. 2007; 80, 524-531.

6.     Qayyum A. Diffusion-weighted Imaging in the Abdomen and Pelvis. Concepts and Applications. RadioGraphics. 2009; 29: 1797-1810.

7.     Kandpal H. Respiratory-Triggered Versus Breath-Hold Diffusion-Weighted MRI of Liver Lesions. Comparison of Image Quality and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2009; 192: 915-922.

8.     Koh D.M., Collins D.J. Diffusion-weighted MRI in the body: applications and challenges in oncology. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007; 188: 1622-1635.

Abstract:

For long time the only method of postinfarction myocardial «scars» topical diagnostics was ECG. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) is considered to be a highly informative technique for location and quantification of myocardial necrotic areas, but there are few studies comparing the method with conventional ECG. CE-MR/ECG correlation was studied in 59 patients with postinfarction changes. The global concordance between CE-MR and ECG was of 80%. In 5 cases (1 - anterolateral, 2 - inferior and 2 - inferolateral). ECG-pattern was misleading.

    References 

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15 .  Беленков Ю.Н., Терновой С.К. Функциональные методы диагностики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. М.: «ГЭОТАР-МЕДИА». 2007.

Abstract:

Joint trauma is one of the major causes of the temporary disability in economically and socially active groups of population. Definitive preoperative diagnosis allows correct surgery planning, decrease sick-lists duiauon and niipiove quality of patients' life. MRI is the method of chice for pre-operative examination of the knee joint. However it is associated with high variability of diagnostic effectiveness. In this paper we focus on principal diagnostic errors of the technique and provide recommendations for the appropriate application of MRI on the basis of mul-ticentre experience.

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Abstract:

Background: case report of a rare congenital anomaly - the diverticulum of the right ventricle of the heart, revealed by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart.

Aim: was to show possibilities in detection and differential diagnosis of diverticulum of the right ventricle.

Materials and methods: patient, 23 years, during examination after passed pneumonia, underwent echocardiography wich revealed an aneurysm of right ventricle. Patient underwent further examination: MRI of heart in T1-WS and T2-WS, «gradient echo» and dynamical regime (Cine-SSFP) in standard positions. Demonstration of diverticulum is based on reconstruction imaging (MPR). Results: due to MRI data, in right ventricle we found a bulging 1,2х2,0 cm with clear contours, wich decreased in systole with myocardum of right ventricle - «true diverticulum of right ventricle». We marked difficulties in the diagnosis associated with the paucity of clinical manifestations.

Conclusions: MRI made it possible to study individual morphological anatomy of the diverticulum, to demonstrate and to assess in detail the topography that helped to make decisions on further management of the patient. 

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Abstract:

Literature review is dedicated to the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), namely the use of Fusion-technology, a technique which allows you to combine real-time data of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), as well as to perform biopsy of the prostate, taking into consideration previously detected changes.

Review includes russian-language and foreign articles that discuss not only benefits, but also limit of the use of methods of prostate biopsy in verification of malignant pathology Review is based on data of main online resources: PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library (elibrary), SciVerse (ScienceDirect), Scopus.

During analysis of available literature, authors discuss the problem of prostate cancer diagnostics, difficulties encountered when using of traditional biopsy methods.

Review pays special attention to MRI/TRUS Fusion-navigation in diagnosis of prostate cancer as an alternative to other, more widely used in practice methods as for initial biopsy and for repeated manipulations

Conclusions: A key aspect of the application of MRI/TRUS Fusion-navigation is the ability to perform precisely targeted biopsy of suspicious sites by the presence of malignant changes ir prostate tissue, which increases the accuracy of diagnosis of tumors. Above described method of biopsy is extremely promising as part of specifying diagnostics of localized forms of prostate cancer. Methodics appeared informative in identifying clinically significant prostate cancer and accurate for localization of process, especially in front parts of the prostate, compared with 12 traditional points of biopsy At the same time, this manipulation, compared with traditional biopsy technique, requires advanced equipment and highly skilled personnel. 

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9.      Javed S.I., Chadwick E., Edwards A.A., et al. Does prostate HistoScanning™ play a role in detecting prostate cancer in routine clinical practice? Results from three independent studies. BJU Int. 2013 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/bju.12568.

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12.    Hambrock Т., Somford D.M., Hoeks C., Bouwense S.A.W., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging guided prostate biopsy in men with repeat negative biopsies and increased prostate specific antigen. Journal of Urology. 2010 Feb; 183(2):520-7.

13.    Hambrock T., Hoeks C., Hulsbergen-Van de Kaa et al.; Prospective Assessment of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Using 3-T Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Biopsies Versus a Systematic 10-Core Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Biopsy Cohort. Eur. Urol. 2012 Jan; 61(1):177-84.

14.    Kaplan I., Oldenburg N.E., Meskell P., et al. Real time MRI-ultrasound image guided stereotactic prostate biopsy. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2002;20:295-299.

15.    Singh A.K., Kruecker J., Xu S., et al. Initial clinical experience with real-time transrectal ultrasonography-magnetic resonance imaging fusion-guided prostate biopsy. BJUInt. 2007;101:841-845.

16.    Pinto P.A., Chung PH., Rastinehad A.R., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion guided prostate biopsy improves cancer detection following transrectal ultrasound biopsy and correlates with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. J.Urol. 2011; 186:1281-1285.

17.    Miyagawa T., Ishikawa S., Kimura T., et al. Real-time virtual sonography for navigation during targeted prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance imaging data. Int.J. Urol. 2010; 17: P855-860.

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23.    Rastinehad A.R., Turkbey B., Salami S.S., et al. Improving Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Guided Prostate Biopsy. J Urol. 2014 Jun;191(6): 1749-54.

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25.    Siddiqui M.M., Rais-Bahrami S., Truong H., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound-fusion biopsy significantly upgrades prostate cancer versus systematic 12-core transrectal ultrasound biopsy. Eur Urol. 2013 Nov;64(5):713-9.

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27.    Sonn G.A., Chang E., Natarajan S., et al. Value of targeted prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion in men with prior negative biopsy and elevated prostate-specific antigen. Eur Urol. 2014 Apr;65(4): 809-15.

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30.    Hu J.C., Chang E., Natarajan S., et al. Targeted Prostate Biopsy to Select Men for Active Surveillance: Do the Epstein Criteria Still Apply? J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2): 385-90

31.    Hong C.W., Walton-Diaz A., Rais-Bahrami S., et al. Imaging and pathology findings after an initial negative MRI-US fusion-guided and 12-core extended sextant prostate biopsy session. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2014 May-Jun;20(3):234-8.

Abstract:

Acardiac fetus («acardiac monster», «acardiac vampire») - is rarely encountered pathology of pregnancy in which one of monochorionic fetuses (recipient) is formless mass, with absence of the heart and some internal organs, life and growth of which is related to parasitism on other fetus.

The main reason for the formation of this defect is an abnormal location of placental vessels ir monochorionic twins. Characteristic are the underdevelopment of the upper body of the recipient fetus (underdevelopment of the upper part of chest, the absence of heart or the presence of rudimentary heart) and acephaly

The article presents results of the analysis of the world literature data, and given own observation of acardiac fetus stillborn.

We specify frequency causes, as well as the clinical and morphological features such anomalies. Possibilities of the post-mortem magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging in determining the type of acardiac fetus. According to results of the analysis, it was the most efficient construction and analysis of volumetric reconstruction of bone tissues.

Conclusion: post-mortem CT and MRI are advisable in some cases as a complement to the postmortem examination.

References

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8.     Shchegolev A.I., Tumanova U.N., Shuvalova M.P., Frolova O.G. Vrozhdennie poroki kak prichina mertvorozhdeniya[Congenital anomalies as a cause stillbirth]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental'nyh issledovanij. 2015; 10 (2): 263-267 [In Russ].

9.     Demikova N.S., Lapina A.S. Vrozhdennie poroki razvitiya v regionah Rossiyskoi Federatsii (itogi monitoringa 2000-2010 gg. [Congenital malformations in regions of the Russian Federation (monitoring results for 2000-2010]. Rossijskij vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2012; 2: 91-98 [In Russ].

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11.   Thayyil1 S., Chitty L.S., Robertson N.J. et al. Minimally invasive fetal postmortem examination using magnetic resonance imaging and computerised tomography: current evidence and practical issues. Prenat. Diagn. 2010; 30: 713-718.

12.  Tumanova U.N., Fedoseeva V.K., Liapin V.M., Stepanov A.V., Voevodin S.M., Shchegolev A.I. Posmertnaya komp’juternaya tomographia mertvorozhdennikh s kostnoi patologiej [Computed Tomography of Stillborn with Bone Pathology]. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2013; 5, 110-120 [In Russ].

13.  Fedoseeva V.K., Tumanova U.N., Liapin V.M. Voevodin S.M., Shchegolev A.I. Vozmozhnosti ispol’zovaniya multispiralnoj komp’juternoi tomografii v posmertnoi diagnostike patologii plodov i novorozhdennikh. [Possibilities of use of a multispiral computer tomography in posthumous diagnosis of pathology of fetus and newborns]. REJR. 2014; 3 (S2): 448 [In Russ].

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31.   Sepulveda W., Sfeir D., Reyes M., Martinez J. Severe polyhydramnios in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence: successful management with intrafetal alcohol ablation of acardiac twin and amniodrainage. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2000; 16: 260-263.

Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the effeciency of adenomyosis treatment with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation.

Materials and methods: from March 2012 to November 2014 on the base of «Federal Center of Medicine and Rehabilitation» of Russian Ministry of Health we have examined and treated by MRgFUS ablation 50 patients with adenomyosis. Criteria for patient selection for treatment by MRgFUS ablation were: age 25-49 years, adenomyosis symptoms, confirmed diagnosis of the disease on MRI, ultrasound and gynecological examination, technical ability to perform FUS ablation. Dynamical observation after treatment included: vaginal examination, pelvic MRI with contrast performed at 3rd, 6th and 12th month after MRgFUS ablation. Also, within a specified time patients were asked to fill a questionnaire to assess the severity of adenomyosis symptoms anc quality of life (SF-36).

Results: against the background of the treatment, patients noted significant symptoms reduction. The best result was noted 3 months after treatment: 47% of women had less abundant menstruation; 26% of patients noted a decrease of pain during menstruation; 30% of patients had decreased duration of menstruation. Positive trend maintained during a year.

Control pelvic MRI after 3 months showed positive trend for majority of patients (85%): uterus size decrease (average by 30%). From 6th to 12th month of observation, it was noted that the uterus size in 73% patients increased in comparison' to the first control study (3 months after the procedure), uterus thus again starts accumulating a contrast agent in the ablation area, indicating the restoration of blood flow.

References

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4.     Naftalin J., Hoo W., Pateman K., Mavrelos D., Holland T., Jurkovic D.. How common is adenomyosis? A prospective study of prevalence using transvaginal ultrasound in a gynaecology clinic. Hum. Reprod. 2012; 27(12): 3432-9.

5.     Damirov M.M. Genitalny endometrioz - bolezn aktivnikh i delovikh zhenschin [Genital endometriosis - disease of active and business women]. M.: Binom. 2010; 191 p. [In Russ].

6.     Strizhakov A.N., Davydov A.I., Pashkov V.M., Lebedev V.A. Dobrokachestvennye zabolevaniya matki [Benign uterine diseases]. M.: GEOTAR-Media. 2011; 288 p. [In Russ].

7.     Stamatopoulos C.P., Mikos T., Grimbizis G.F, Dimitriadis A.S., Efstratiou I., Stamatopoulos P., Tarlatzis B.C. Value of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosis and myomas of the uterus. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2012; 19(5) 620-6.

8.     Sudderuddin S., Helbren E., Telesca M., Williamson R., Rockall A. MRI appearances of benign uterine disease. Clin. Radiol. 2014; 69(11): 1095-1104.

9.     Heo S.H., Lee K.H., Kim J.W., Jeong YY Unusual manifestation of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from subserosal cystic adenomyosis of the uterus: emphasis on MRI and positron emission tomography CT findings. Br. J. Radiol. 2011. 84(1007): e210-2.

10.   Ischenko A. I., Zhumanova E. N., Ischenko A. A., Gorbenko O. Y., Chunaeva E. A., Agadzhanyan E. S., Saveleva Y. S. Sovremennye podkhody v diagnostike i organosokhranyayuschem lechenii adenomioza [Modern approach in the diagnosis of adenomyosis and conserving therapy]. Akusherstvo, ginekologiya i reproduktsiya. 2013; 7(3): 30-34. [In Russ].

11.   Nam J.H., Lyu G.S. Abdominal Ultrasound-Guided Transvaginal Myometrial Core Needle Biopsy for the Definitive Diagnosis of Suspected Adenomyosis in 1032 Patients: A Retrospective Study. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2015 Mar-Apr; 22(3):395-402.

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14.   Tamai K., Koyama T, Umeoka S., Saga T., Fujii S., Togashi K. Spectrum of MR features in adenomyosis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2006; 20(4): 583-602. 

Abstract:

Currently, the combination of acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis is quite common.

Aim: was to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of complicated forms of gallstone disease (acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis).

Materials and methods: study included 118 patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis. The age of patients ranged from 16 to 92 years (mean age 61,5 ± 2,5 years). Women were 86(78.5%), men - 32 (21.5%). All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBSG), MRI-cholangiography (MRHG), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and biochemical blood tests with determination of total bilirubin, amylase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and protein fractions.

Results: in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis sensitivity of ultrasound was 86%; HBSG - 97% MRHG - 92%. Basing on these data of sensitivity of different diagnostic methods, we developed diagnostic algorithm of acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis: US → HBSG (if inefficient US ir terms of visualization of the distal common bile duct) → MRHG (to clarify causes of focal disorders of transport of labeled bile, according to HBSG) → ERCP: endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) and lithoextraction (LE) (detected choledocholithiasis or lingering doubts in the diagnosis).

Conclusions: the use of the diagnostic algorithm for acute cholecystitis in many cases allows timely identification of choledocholithiasis, followed by the implementation of adequate endoscopic sanitation of biliary tract, before performing cholecystectomy . 

References

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3.     Аrdasenov T.B., Frejdovich DA., Pan'kov А.G., Brudzinskij SA., Orlova E.N. Dooperatsionnaya diagnostika skrytogo kholedokholitiaza [Preoperative diagnosis of latent choledocholithiasis]. Апп khir. gepatol. 2011; 2: 18-24 [In Russ].

4.    Dadvani S.А., Vetshev P.S., SHulutko АЖ., Prudkov M.I. ZHelchnokamennaya bolezn'. [Gallstone disease]. M. Izd. dom Vidar-M. 2000; 144S [In Russ].

5.     Ratnikov V.A., Cheremisin V.M., Shejko S.B. Sovremennye luchevye metody (ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie, rentgenovskaya komp'yuternaya i magnitno-rezonansnaya tomografiya) v diagnostike kholedokholitiaza (obzor literatury) [Modern radiation techniques (ultrasound, X-ray CT and MRI) in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis (literature review)]. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2002;3: 99-106 [In Russ].

6.     Popova I.E., SHarifullin FA. Primenenie magnitnorezonansnoj kholangiopankreatografii v diagnostike kholedokholitiaza. Moskva. [The use of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis ]. Materialy gorodskogo seminara «Aktualnie voprosy diagnostiki i lecheniya kholedokholitiaza, oslozhnennogo mekhanicheskoj zheltukhoj i kholangitom». 2009; 15-17 [In Russ].

7.     Аbdulamitov KH.K., Rogal' M.L., Moiseeva L.V. Popova I.E. SHavrina I.V. Kuprikov S.V. Rol' magnitnorezonansnoj kholangiografii v diagnostike patologii zhelchevyvodyashhikh protokov u bol'nykh v otdalennom periode posle videolaparoskopicheskoj kholetsistehktomii ["The role of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary tract disease in patients in the late period after cholecystectomy videolaparoscopic ]. Rossijskij zhurnal Gastroehnterologii, Gepatologii, Koloproktobgii. 2008;18(5):111 [In Russ].

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Abstract:

Aim: was to estimate the diagnostic value of MRI (qualitative and tumor size analysis) in the evaluation of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas on different stages of examination.

Material and methods: we analyzed data of 74 patients with soft tissue sarcomas. All patients underwent MRI. Patients were examined before, in the middle and at the end of the course of the preoperative chemotherapy

Results: the sensitivity (predilection of Grade III-IV pathologic response) of qualitative MRI signs in the middle of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (after 2-3 cycles) was 73%, the specificity (predilection of Grade I-II pathologic response) was 88%; 69% and 100% for maximum tumor size evaluation, correspondingly At the end of the preoperative treatment, values of the sensitivity and specificity of qualitative MRI signs decreased to 50% and 78%, respectively, the sensitivity of maximum tumor size estimation decreased to 31%, while specificity remained the same -100%.

Conclusion: MRI with qualitative and tumor size analysis is an informative method in assessment of preoperative chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas.

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22.   Eisenhauer E.A. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur. J. Cancer. 2009;45:228-247.

23.   Tuma R.S. Sometimes size doesn’t matter: reevaluating RECIST and tumor response end points J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1272-1274.

24.   Gehan E.A. Will there be resistance to the RECIST (tumor Response Criteria in Solid Tumors). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2000;92:179-181.

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Abstract:

Good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. Early response evaluation might spare unnecessary chemotherapy in bad responders. Clinically mammography and ultrasound are used to evaluate response to treatment while being bac predictors of early response. MRI is getting wider acceptance but still lacks necessary accuracy to the absence of functional evaluation. Thus novel methods are being evaluated in early response prediction. Diffusion-weighted MRI, MR-spectroscopy, mammoscintigraphy PET as well as diffusion optic tomography are discussed in the review as potential ways to improve early prediction of response in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

References

1.     Davydov M.I., Aksel' E.M. Statistika zlokachestvennyh novoobrazovanij v Rossii i stranah SNG v 2012 g [Statistics of malignancies in Russian Federation and the CIS countries in 2012.]. Moskva, 2014;63-64 [In Russ].

2.     Montagna E., Bagnardi V., Rotmensz N. Pathological complete response after preoperative systemic therapy and outcome: relevance of clinical and biologic baseline features. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;124(3):689-99.

3.     Bonnefoi H., Litiere S., Piccart M. Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent predictive factor irrespective of simplified breast cancer intrinsic subtypes: a landmark and two-step approach analyses from the EORTC 10994/BIG 1-00 phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2014 Jun;25(6):1128-36.

4.     Semiglazov V.F., Paltuev R.M., Semiglazova TJu. i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniju raka molochnoj zhelezy [Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.]. SPb.: ABS-press. 2013; 234 [In Russ].

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6.     Mistry K.A., Thakur M.H., Kembhavi S.A. The effect of chemotherapy on the mammographic appearance of breast cancer and correlation with histopathology. Brit. J. Radiol. 2016; 89:1057-1063.

7.     Helvie M.A., Joynt L.K., Cody R.L. et al. Locally advanced breast carcinoma: accuracy of mammography versus clinical examination in the prediction of residual disease after chemotherapy. Radiology. 1996;198:327-332.

8.    Komjahov A.V.. Ocenka jeffektivnosti neoad’juvantnoj sistemnoj terapii raka molochnoj zhelezy s pomoshhju magnitno-rezonansnoj tomografii i sonografii [Evaluation of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and sonography.]. Avtoreferat. Diss. kand. med. nauk SPb. 2016; 13-15 [In Russ].

9.    Gazhonova V.E., Efremova M.P., Dorohova E.A. Sovremennye metody neinvazivnoj luchevoj diagnostiki raka molochnoj zhelezy [Modern non-invasive methods of radiation diagnosis of breast cancer.]. RMZh. 2016;5:321-324 [In Russ].

10.  Meladze N.V., Ternovoj S.K., Abduraimov A.B. MR-spektroskopija v differencial'noj diagnostike uzlovyh obrazovanij molochnyh zhelez[MR spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis of nodular breast cancer.]. Bjulleten’ sibirskoj mediciny. 2012;5:78-79 [ In Russ].

11.   Semiglazov V.F., Semiglazov V.V., Krivorot'ko P.V. i dr. Rukovodstvo po lecheniju rannego raka molochnoj zhelezy [Guidelines for early breast cancer therapy.]. SPb. 2016; 12-13 [In Russ].

12.   Marinovich M.L., Macaskill P., Irwig L. et al. Metaanalysis of agreement between MRI and pathologic breast tumour size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Br. J. Cancer. 2013;109:1528-1536.

13.   Meladze N.V. Rol' Mr-spektroskopii v kompleksnoj diagnostiki raka molochnoj zhelezy [MR spectroscopy in the complex diagnosis of breast cancer]. Avtoreferat. Diss. kand. med. nauk. M. 2014;78-79 [In Russ].

14.   Danishad K.K., Sharma U., Sah R.G., et al. Assessment of therapeutic response of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) monitored using sequential magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. NMR Biomed. 2010;23(3):233-41.

15.   Jonathan K.P, Begley L., Thomas W. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of breast cancer: a review of the literature. Breast Cancer Research. 2012; 14:207.

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