Abstract:

Article describes a rare case of iatrogenic arterial priapism, which was the result of inadequate surgical tactics in treatment of recurrent venous priapism.

Aim: was to formulate an algorithm of examination and treatment of patients with various forms of priapism.

Materials and methods: treatment of patient with iatrogenic arterial priapism, which developed as a result of inadequate surgical tactics in treatment of venous priapism, was analyzed step by step.

Results: reasons for development of arterial priapism in surgical treatment of venous priapism were identified. Achieved success in arresting arterial priapism by selective embolization a. pudenda interna.

Conclusion: angiography and subsequent selective embolization is a highly effective and safe method of arresting arterial priapism.

Abstract:

Background: mortality in polytrauma with pelvic injuries and intrapelvic bleeding remains high and can be reduced through a multidisciplinary approach to hemostasis.

Aim: was to determine possibilities and tactics of using endovascular interventions to stop intrapelvic bleeding in polytrauma with pelvic injuries.

Material and methods: a search was made for scientific articles in the PubMed database and the Scientific Electronic Library (eLIBRARY.ru), published from 2017 to 2021. Transcatheter embolization of pelvic arteries is an effective method for stopping intrapelvic bleeding and is indicated for detecting extravasation of contrast in computed tomography and angiography. In patients with unstable hemodynamics, embolization can be used if it is possible to perform it no later than 30-60 minutes after the detection of intrapelvic bleeding. Resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta can serve as an important component of the damage control strategy and a bridge to the application of methods for the final control of abdominal and intrapelvic bleeding in patients with unstable hemodynamics and systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm hg.

Conclusion: methods of endovascular surgery do not oppose and do not exclude the use of extraperitoneal pelvic packing and/or external fixation of the pelvis to stop intrapelvic bleeding in case of polytrauma. The choice of methods of hemostasis and the algorithm for their application are determined by the degree of hemodynamic disturbances, the presence of combined injuries, the data of radiation diagnostics, and the technical and logistical resources of the trauma center.

Abstract:

Introduction: one of directions in development of intravascular diagnostic methods is creation of stations or development of methods that allow combining or uniting possibilities of different modalities. This approach makes it possible to overcome limitations inherent in each method of invasive vascular diagnostics, including angiography. This work is devoted to the analysis of possibilities and first results of using the SyncVision station (Philips Volcano), which allows, in various combinations, to carry out joint registration of angiography data, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and instantaneous blood flow reserve (iFR) in various combinations - a non-hyperemic version of fractional flow reserve study.

Aim: was to describe possibilities provided by the use of joint recording of data from angiography, IVUS and real-time instantaneous blood flow reserve, the technique for performing these procedures, as well as to analyze the application of these methods in a department with a large volume of intravascular studies.

Material and methods: the first experience in Russian Federation of the clinical use of the SyncVision station, which is an addition to the s5i intravascular ultrasound system (Philips Volcano), is presented. The station allows you to implement five options that expand the operator's ability to analyze study data and develop a treatment strategy directly at the operating table: co-registration of angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data; co-registration of angiography data and instantaneous flow reserve (iFR); triple co-registration - angiography, IVUS and iFR; modification of the program for the quantitative calculation of coronary artery stenosis (QCA); real-time image enhancement software for interventional devices.

Results: studies using co-registration with angiography accounted for 21% of all IVUS procedures and 62,4% of iFR procedures. In 67,3% of all studies with angio-IVUS co-registration, the indication for this diagnostic variant was an extended lesion of artery, which required clarification of length of stenotic area, localization of reference segments, and diameter of artery at different levels. In 30 of these patients, triple co-registration was performed. To clarify the hemodynamic significance of lesion with an angiographically indeterminate or borderline picture, co-registration was performed in 13,2% of all cases, to study a bifurcation lesion with a significant difference in the reference segments and angiographically difficult to determine the entry of lateral branch - in 7,3%.

Based on results of triple co-registration, the decision to perform surgical treatment was made in 30 out of 42 patients (71,4%).

Conclusion: joint registration of IVUS data, coronary angiography, and instantaneous flow reserve (iFR) in real time, forms a new diagnostic modality that significantly expands possibilities of intraoperative examination and affects the planning or analysis of intervention results.

Abstract:

Introduction: dextrocardia - is a congenital heart disease, in which the heart is located in right half of chest. Incidence of ischemic heart disease in patients with dextrocardia is unknown, but some authors write that it is the same as in the general population. Guiding principles of endovascular treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries, consider dualcatheter angiography to be an obligatory option for successful recanalization.

Aim: was to estimate possibilities of DRON-access and various radial accesses in treatment of multivessel disease in a patient with dextrocardia, severe comorbidity, and single vascular access.

Material and methods: we present case report of a 63-year-old female patient, who previously had ischemic stroke with tleft-sided hemiplegia; she was examined before surgery for instability of the prosthesis of right hip joint. Coronary angiography through traditional radial access revealed multivessel lesions of coronary arteries: chronic total occlusion (CTO) of right coronary artery, stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in proximal and distal third; eccentric circumflex artery (Cx) stenosis. Further examination revealed: severe spastic paralysis of left hand, occlusion of left common femoral artery, chronic osteomyelitis of right leg with suppuration.

Medical consilium decided to perform staged endovascular revascularization of the myocardium.

For this purpose, to provide access for double-catheter recanalization of CTO and subsequent interventions, DRON-access (Distal radial and Radial One-handed accesses for interventions iN chronic occlusions of coronary arteries) and various radial accesses were used.

Results: at the first stage, using DRON-access, we performed double-catheter angiography and CTO recanalization of right coronary artery (RCA) with stenting. At the second stage, through traditional radial access, we performed angioplasty and stenting of LAD at two levels. After 3 months, control coronary angiography was performed through distal radial access: implanted stents had no signs of restenosis, there was no progression of atherosclerotic process. Patient was discharged to prepare for correction of instability of right hip joint prosthesis.

Conclusions: patients with severe and variable comorbidities require not only a multidisciplinary approach, but also, in various of clinical situations, need personalized approach. The use of DRON-access may allow operators to perform endovascular intervention using double-catheter angiography even in patients with single vascular access, which meets modern criteria for providing care for chronic coronary artery occlusions.

Abstract:

Aim: was to study the impact of angiographic projection on patient and operator radiation dose during endovascular interventions aimed at diagnosing and treating cerebrovascular diseases.

Materials and methods: in experiment, radiation dose rate of phantom model (cGy?cm²/s) and equivalent dose rate from scattered radiation (mSv/h) measured in the area of conditional location of operator were studied when the angle of the X-ray tube was changed in modes of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and fluoroscopy. Radiation dose rate of endovascular surgeon (mSv/h) was assessed during 12 cerebral angiography procedures and 15 neuro-interventions in general angiographic projections. Values of the kerma-area product (Gy?cm²), fluoroscopy time (min), operator exposure dose (µSv) during 87 procedures of endovascular occlusion of aneurysm of cavernous and supraclinoid sections of internal carotid arteries (ICA) were retrospectively analyzed to indirectly assess the effect of angiographic projection on patient and surgeon occupational dose. Interventions were divided into 2 groups depending on the location of detected aneurysm. The 1st group included 35 operations in the right ICA, the 2nd group included 53 operations in the left ICA.

Results: in experimental study, highest values of radiation dose rate of the phantom model were found in frontal projection with cranial angulation, lowest - in lateral and oblique projections; The highest average dose rates from scattered radiation in operator's area were found in left lateral projections whereas the smallest in right lateral projection in DSA mode and also in frontal and right lateral projections in fluoroscopy mode.

When studying doses of scattered radiation during neuro-interventional procedures, it was found that when the position of the X-ray tube changes from 0° in the direction of left lateral projection, an increase in the average dose rate of the operator in the DSA mode is up to 2,6 times, with fluoroscopy - up to 2,4 times. The equivalent dose rate in left lateral projection is up to 1.5 times higher than in right lateral projection. In left oblique projection, there is an increase in dose rate up to 2,3 times compared to right oblique projection.When comparing radiation exposure indicators during aneurysm embolization procedures, a significant increase in operator exposure doses is observed in group of interventions in the left ICA.

Conclusion: when performing neuro-interventional procedures, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in radiation exposure to patient and operator without a significant loss in image quality along with maintaining optimal visualization of pathological changes by choosing angiographic projections with lower radiation doses.

Abstract:

Introduction: the importance of intravascular diagnostic methods and the frequency of their use in clinical practice is steadily increasing. However, in the Russian Federation, studies on the analysis of possibilities of intravascular imaging or physiology are sporadic, and statistical data are presented only in very generalized form. This makes it relevant to create a specialized register dedicated to these diagnostic methods.

Aim: was to present the structure, tasks and possibilities of the Russian registry for the use of intravascular imaging and physiology based on results of the first year of its operation.

Material and methods: In total, in 2021, forms were filled out for 2632 studies in 1356 patients.

Studies included all types of intravascular imaging and physiology - intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, measurement of fractional flow reserve and non-hyperemic indices.

The registry's web-based data platform includes 14 sections and 184 parameters to describe all possible scenarios for applying these methodologies. Data entry is possible both from a stationary computer and from mobile devices, and takes no more than one minute per study. Received material is converted into Excel format for further statistical processing.

Results: 13 departments participated in the register, while the share of the eight most active ones accounted for 97,5% of all entered forms. On average, 1.9 studies per patient were performed, with fluctuations between clinics from 1,6 to 2,9. Studies of the fractional flow reserve accounted for 40% of total data array, intravascular ultrasound - 37%, optical coherence tomography - 23%. Of all studies, 80% were performed on coronary arteries for chronic coronary artery disease, 18% - for acute coronary syndrome, 2% were studies for non-coronary pathology. In 41% of cases, studies were performed at the diagnostic stage, without subsequent surgery. In 89,6% of cases, this was due to the detection of hemodynamically insignificant lesions, mainly by means of physiological assessment. In 72% of cases, the use of intravascular imaging or physiology methods directly influenced the tactics or treatment strategy - from deciding whether to perform surgery or not to choose the optimal size of instruments or additional manipulations to optimize the outcome of the intervention. In the clinics participating in the register, the equipment of all major manufacturers represented on the Russian market was used.

Conclusions: the design of the online registry database is convenient for data entry. Participation in the registry of most departments that actively and systematically use methods of intravascular imaging and physiology ensured the representativeness of obtained data for analysis in interests of both practical medicine and industry, as well as for scientific research in the field of intravascular imaging and physiology. The register has great potential for both quantitative and qualitative improvement.

Abstract:

Introduction: pathological tortuosity of internal carotid arteries (ICA) is widespread; its frequency in population varies within 18-34%. Currently, there are several approaches for the determination of indications for surgical intervention in pathological ICA tortuosity. The main criteria are hemodynamic changes in the arterial flow and the presence of neurological symptoms, so an informative preoperative examination is an integral part in treatment strategy determination in patients' subsequent treatment.

Aim: was to estimate the condition of carotid arteries and substance of the brain in isolated pathological tortuosity and in combination with stenotic lesions, based on results of CT angiography.

Materials and methods: we analyzed results of examination and treatment of 70 patients. Ultrasound and CT angiography of brachiocephalic arteries were performed on a Philips iCT 256-slice multislice computed tomograph. During CT angiography, a non-contrast study, arterial and venous phases of contrast enhancement were performed with an intravenous bolus injection of 50.0 ml of isoosmolar iodinated contrast-agent at 4-5 ml/sec.

Patients were divided into two groups: patients with isolated pathological carotid tortuosity (28 pts) and patients with a combination of carotid tortuosity and stenotic lesions (42 pts). We assessed the effect of carotid tortuosity on the severity of the brain tissue alterations using statistical analysis.

Results: a lesser severity of changes in the substance of the brain was noted in patients in the group with isolated pathological tortuosity of ICA. In 9 cases, we did not detect focal lesions; in 15 cases, small foci of microangiopathy and individual cerebrospinal fluid cysts were noted, in 4 patients, we noted areas and zones of cystic-glial changes. S- and C-shaped deformation became the most frequent variants of tortuosity; the formation of 3 saccular aneurysms (two true and one false) was revealed.

Manifestations of ischemic damage of the brain substance in the group of patients with a combination of ICA tortuosity and stenotic lesion were more pronounced. Thus, in 11 cases, zones and areas of cystic-glial changes were determined within the framework of past cerebrovascular accidents; in 20 patients, foci of microangiopathy expressed in varying degrees, as well as individual cerebrospinal fluid cysts, were noted. In 11 cases, no focal lesions were detected in the brain.

Statistical processing showed a correlation between the condition of carotid arteries and the presence of focal brain damage - in the group with combination of pathological tortuosity and stenosis of ICA, more pronounced chronic ischemic brain damage was detected (p=0,012).

Conclusion: CT-angiography was noted to be highly informative in assessment of condition of carotid arteries and brain substance in patients with isolated pathological tortuosity, as well as in combination with a stenotic lesion of internal carotid arteries. With a combination of pathological tortuosity and a stenosis in internal carotid arteries, data were obtained on a more pronounced damage of the brain substance. According to computed tomography, clinical manifestations of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency were generally more pronounced compared to changes in the brain substance. However, there was a correlation between the increase in the degree of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and the aggravation of the state of the brain substance.

Abstract:

Introduction: a case report of successful treatment of an extremely rare pathology (0,27-0,34%) - acute occlusion of both internal carotid arteries (ICA) is presented.

Aim: was to show possibilities of endovascular surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with bilateral acute ICA occlusion.

Materials and methods: a 38-year-old patient was hospitalized by ambulance with the diagnosis of AIS. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) revealed left ICA occlusion in the C2-C5 segment. Selective angiography of ICA was performed: right ICA - non-occlusive thrombosis C2-C3 segments; left ICA - thrombotic occlusion in C1 segment.

Results: thrombaspiration was performed from the left ICA and right ICA; full recovery of antegrade cerebral blood flow was achieved in both ICA, according to the modified treatment in cerebral infarction score (mTICI) - 3. Patient was discharged after 28 days. At the time of discharge, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 3. 6 months after discharge mRS was 1.

Conclusions: Selective angiography of both ICA in a patient with AIS enabled to detect right ICA thrombosis not detected by MCT, which in its turn changed the treatment tactics of the patient. Aspiration thromebctomy from both internal carotid arteries allowed to achiev full recovery of antergrade cerebral blood flow of both internal carotid arteries.

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Abstract:

Aim: was to assess the frequency, predominant localization and severity of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries according to multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with suspicion on coronary heart disease (CHD).

Materials and methods: analysis of results of CT of coronary arteries (CT-CA) was carried out in 1590 patients. The average age was 53,9 ± 10,7 years. The number of men was 1133 (71,3%). Studies were carried out on 64- and 256-slice CT scanners.

Results: in patients with suspicion on coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries (CA) were not detected in 582 (36,6%) cases. Minimal and initial CA stenoses were observed in 80 (5%) and 416 (26,2%) patients, respectively. Moderate CA stenoses were found in 236 (14,8%) patients. Severe coronary artery stenoses were detected in 183 patients (11,5%). CA occlusions were observed in 84 (5,3%) cases. Most often, the stenotic process was detected in proximal segments of coronary arteries, in particular, in the left anterior descending artery.

Conclusions: MDCT makes it possible to determine in detail the severity and nature of atherosclerotic coronary lesions, as well as to assess the predominant location of plaques.

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Abstract:

Introduction: development of intravascular diagnostic methods has significantly increased the amount of information in the study of various vessels in comparison with standard angiography. Technological and software improvement of optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows expanding diagnostic capabilities and providing greater convenience for analyzing of results of this method of intravascular examination, which leads to an increase in its importance both for daily clinical practice and in scientific research.

Aim: was to describe the methodology of performing a new modification of OCT and to analyze accumulated experience, advantages and possibilities provided by this method.

Material and methods: the modern version of the complex for optical coherence tomography OPTIS allows to implement such new features as automatic indication of malapposition of stents, easy-to-perceive three-dimensional image of examination data in various versions, joint presentation (co-registration) of angiography and OCT data in real time. The first experience of clinical use of this system in the Russian Federation is presented, with an analysis of priority indications for the use of new possibilities. Using the angio-OCT-co-registration function, 309 studies of 205 arteries in 178 patients were performed, which accounted for 63,3% of all OCT procedures performed in our department. 

Results: priority indications for the use of the method were identified, which primarily include: cases of extended stenoses with an uncertainty in the hemodynamic significance of individual sections or the entire lesion as a whole; difficulties in constructing an optimal projection of the angiogram (without overlapping branches and significant shortening of the target area); bifurcation lesions; diagnostics of thrombus, dissections, plaque ruptures, severe calcification, including in acute coronary syndrome; selection of the optimal size of biodegradable scaffold and preparation of the artery for its implantation; intermediate or final control of results of coronary artery stenting. The use of co-registration of angiography and OCT contributes to a more accurate determination of the area of interest during repeated studies, which is especially important for the dynamic assessment of the patient's condition and for scientific research.

Conclusions: the development and modernization of optical coherence tomography causes an increase in its importance both in daily clinical practice and in scientific research. The possibility of spatial co-registration of OCT data with angiographic images, as well as new options for automatic processing of resulting images, including stent apposition assessment, significantly increase the operator's ability to quickly and accurately analyze examination data directly at the operating table.

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19.   Trusov IS, Nifontov EM, Biryukov AV, et al. The use of optical coherence tomography imaging of the vascular wall of the coronary arteries before and after stenting. Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2019; 18(1): 77-85 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-1-77-85

20.   Demin VV, Galin PYu, Demin DV, et al. The comparison of intravascular ultrasound guided and angiography guided implantation of drug-eluting stents: The randomized trial ORENBURG. Part 1: Study design, direct clinical results. Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology. 2015; 9(3): 31-43 [In Russ].

21.   Demin VV, Murzajkina MM, Galin PYu, et al. Comparison between implantation of drug-eluting stents under control of intravascular ultrasound and angiography: The randomized trial ORENBURG. Part 2: The data of angiography and intravascular methods of visualization. Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology. 2016; 10(2): 31-47 [In Russ].

22.   Demin VV, Gusev SD, Murzaykina MM, et al. Immediate and early results of a clinical trial comparing different strategies of drug-eluting stents implantation under IVUS and angiographic guidance. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangilogy. 2016; 44: 49-59 [In Russ].

23.   Demin VV, Demin AV, Demin DV, et al. The drug-eluting balloons for coronary arterial restenosis: 7-year experience. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangilogy. 2016; 44: 59-71 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Chemodectomas are rare, in most cases, benign neoplasms. They originate from the chemoreceptor cells of the carotid glomus in the bifurcation of the carotid artery. Chemodectoma treatment is surgical. Classical removal of the tumor carries a high risk of damage of arteries and nerves. We present a case report of high localization (C1) carotid chemodectoma removal in a hybrid operating room. Tumor was successfully removed after selective embolization of chemodectoma with protection of distal flow of the internal carotid artery. This approach helped to minimize intraoperative blood loss, as well as to shorten time of intervention.

References

1.     De Franciscis S, Grande R, Butrico L, et al. Resection of Carotid Body Tumors reduces arterial blood pressure. An underestimated neuroendocrine syndrome. International Journal of Surgery. 2014; 12: 63-67.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.052

2.     Serra R, Grande R, Gallelli L, et al. Carotid body paragangliomas and matrix metalloproteinases. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2014, 28(7): 1665-1670

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2014.03.022

3.     Luo T, Zhang C, Ning YC, et al. Surgical treatment of carotid body tumor: Case report and literature review. J. Geriatr. Cardiol. 2013; 10: 116-118.

https://doi.org/10.3969/j. issn.1671-5411.2013.01.018

4.     Sajid MS, Hamilton G, Baker DM. A multicenter review of carotid body tumor management. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2007: 34(2): 127-130.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.01.015

5.     Knight TTJr., Gonzalez JA, Ray JM, Rush DS. Current concepts for the surgical management of carotid body tumor. Am. J. Surg. 2006; 191: 104-110.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.10.010

6.     Scudder CL. Tumor of the inter carotid body. A report of one case, together with one case in the literature. Am J Med Sci. 1903; 126: 384-9.

7.     Dickinson PH, Griffin SM, Guy AG, McNeill IF. Carotid body tumor: 30 years experience. Dr J Surg. 1986; 73: 14-6.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800730107

8.     Amato B, Serra R, Fappiano F, et al. Surgical complications of carotid body tumors surgery: a review. Int Angiol. 2015; 34(6.1): 15-22.

9.     Lim JY, Kim J, Kim SH, et al. Surgical treatment of carotid body paragangliomas: outcomes and complications according to the Shamlin classification. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 3(2): 91-5.

https://doi.org/10.3342/ceo.2010.3.2.91

10.   Amato B, Bianco T, Compagna R, et al. Surgical resection of carotid body paragangliomas: 10 years of experience. American Journal of Surgery. 2014; 207(2): 293-298.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.06.002

11.   Sahin MA, Jahollari A, Guler A, et al. Results of combined preoperative direct percutaneous embolization and surgical excision in treatment of carotid body tumors. Vasa. 2011; 40(6): 461-6.

https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000149

12.   Thakkar R, Qazi U, Kim Y, et al. Technique and role of embolization using ethylene vinylalcohol copolymer before carotid body tumor resection. Clin. Pract. 2014; 4(3).

https://doi.org/10.4081/ср.2014.661

13.   Carroll W, Stenson K, Stringer S. Malignant carotid body tumor. Head Neck. 2004; 26(3): 301-306.

https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.20017

14.   Shamblin WR, Remine WH, Sheps SG, Harrison EG. Carotid body tumor (chemodectoma). Clinicopathologic analysis of ninety cases. Am J Surg. 1971; 122(6): 732-739.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(71)90436-3

15.   Arya S, Rao V, Juvekar S, Dcruz AK. Carotid body tumors: objective criteria to predict the Shamblin group on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29(7): 1349-54.

16.   Wu J, Liu S, Feng L, et al. Clinical analysis of 24 cases of carotid body tumor. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015: 50(1): 25-27.

https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1092

17.   Базылев В.В., Шматков М.Г., Морозов З.А. Стентирование сонных артерий как этап в лечении пациентов с билатеральным поражением каротидного бассейна и сопутствующим поражением коронарного русла. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2012; 5(5): 39-48.

Bazilev VV, Shmatkov MG, Morozov ZA. Carotid artery stenting as a stage in treatment of patients with bilateral carotid lesions and concomitant coronary affection. Kardiologiya i serdechno-sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2012; 5(5): 39-48 [In Russ].

18.   Базылев В.В., Шматков М.Г., Морозов З.А. и др. Сравнение показателей качества жизни пациентов, перенесших каротидную эндартерэктомию и стентирование сонных артерий. Диагностическая и интервиционная радиология. 2017; 11(11): 54-58.

Bazylev VV, Shmatkov MG, Morozov ZA, et al. Comparison of Indicators of quality of life in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting. Diagnosticheskaya i Interventsionnaya radiologiya. 2017; 11(11): 54-58 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: the main methods for diagnosing cardiac neoplasms, allowing to determine the localization, size, involvement of heart structures, to suggest the nature of the pathological process and to plan treatment tactics, are: echocardiography (EchoCG), contrast multispiral computed coronary angiography (MSCT CAG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography (PET CT). At the same time, any additional information about the pathological process can improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment. So, for example, selective coronary angiography (CAG), which in this case can be performed to clarify the coronary anatomy and exclude concomitant coronary atherosclerosis, in hands of attentive and experienced specialist of endovascular diagnostic and treatment methods can make a significant contribution to understanding the nature of blood supply of heart neoplasm, thereby bringing closer the formulation of the correct diagnosis and, ultimately, improving results of surgical treatment.

Aim: was to study the nature of blood supply of heart myxoma based on results of a detailed analysis of data of selective coronary angiography in patients with this pathology.

Material and methods: since 2005, 20 patients underwent surgery to remove heart myxoma. The average age of patients was 56,6 + 8,0 (43-74) years. According to data of ultrasound examination, sizes of myxomas ranged from 10 to 46 mm in width and from 15 to 71 mm in length (average size ? 25,6 ? 39,1 mm). In 2/3 of all cases (15 out of 20,75%), the fibrous part of the inter-atrial septum (fossa oval region) was the base of myxomas. In 8 of 20 (40%) cases, tumor prolapse into the left ventricle through structures of the mitral valve was noted in varying degrees. In order to exclude coronary pathology, CAG was performed in 14 cases, in the rest - MSCT CAG.

Results: of 14 patients with myxoma who underwent selective coronary angiography, 12 (85,7%) patients had distinct angiographic signs of vascularization. In all 12 cases, the sinus branch participated in the blood supply of myxoma, begins from the right coronary artery (RCA) in 10 cases: in 7 case it begins from proximal segment of the RCA and, in 3 cases, from the posterior-lateral branch (PLB) of the RCA. In one case, the source of blood supply of neoplasm was the sinus branch extending from PLB of dominant (left type) circumflex artery of the left coronary artery (PLB CxA LCA). In one case, the blood supply to the neoplasm involved branches both from the RCA and CxA, mainly from the left atrial branch of CxA. Moreover, in all 12 cases, sinus branch formed two branches: branch of sinus node itself and left atrial branch. It was the left atrial branch that was the source of blood supply of myxoma. Analysis of angiograms in patients with myxoma of LA showed that left atrial branch in terminal section formed a pathological vascularization in the LA projection, accumulating contrast-agent in the capillary phase (MBG 3-4). In addition to newly formed vascularization, lacunae of irregular shape were distinguished, the size of which varied from 2 to 8 mm along the long axis. In 8 cases, hypervascular areas with areas of lacunar accumulation of contrast-agent showed signs of paradoxical mobility and accelerated onset of venous phase. In two cases, there were distinct angiographic signs of arteriovenous shunt. In 2 cases (when the size of the myxoma did not exceed 15-20 mm according to EchoCG and CT), angiographic signs allowing to determine the presence of LA myxoma were not so convincing: there was no lacunar accumulation of contrast-agent; small (up to 10 mm) hypervascular areas were noticed, the capillary network of which stood out against the general background of uniform contrasting impregnation and corresponded to MBG grade 1-2.

Conclusion: according to our data, angiographic signs of vascularization of myxomas are detected in most cases with this pathology (85,7%). The source of blood supply, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is branch of coronary artery, which normally supplies the structure of the heart, on which the basement of the pathological neoplasm is located. The aforementioned angiographic signs characteristic of myxomas deserve the attention of specialists in the field of endovascular diagnosis and treatment and should be described in details in protocols of invasive coronary angiography.

References

1.     Петровский Б.В., Константинов Б.А., Нечаенко М.А. Первичные опухоли сердца. М.: Медицина, 1997; 152.

Petrovskiy BV, Konstantinov BA, Nechaenko MA. Primary heart tumors. M.: Medicina, 1997 [In Russ].

2.     Balci AY, Sargin M, Akansel S, et al. The importance of mass diameter in decision-making for preoperative coronary angiography in myxoma patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2019; 28(1): 52-57.

https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivy217

3.     Omar HR. The value of coronary angiography in the work-up of atrial myxomas. Herz. 2015; 40(3): 442-446.

4.     Gupta PN, Sagar N, Ramachandran R, Rajeshekharan VR. How does knowledge of the blood supply to an intracardiac tumour help? BMJ Case Rep. 2019; 12(2): 225900.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-225900

5.     Marshall WHJr., Steiner RM, Wexler L. Tumor vascularity in left atrial myxoma demonstrated by selective coronary arteriography. Radiology. 1969; 93(4): 815-816.

6.     Lee SY, Lee SH, Jung SM, et al. Value of Coronary Angiography in the Cardiac Myxoma. Clin Anat. 2020; 33(6): 833-838.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23527

Abstract:

Introduction: all over the world, the number of patients with peripheral arterial lesions is growing, the progression of the disease leads to the chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) with an increasement in mortality. To carry out revascularization, it is required to accurately determine the degree and length of lesions of arteries of limbs, with the creation of a «road map» of lesions and the choice of the least affected artery ? the target arterial pathway.

Aim: was to determine the effectiveness of CT angiography in diagnosing lesions of shin arteries in patients with critical lower limb ischemia (CLI) by calculating its sensitivity and specificity in comparison with digital subtraction angiography.

Materials and methods: the study included 26 patients (15 men and 11 women, average age of patients 69,3 ± 10,8 years) with critical lower limb ischemia, against the background of lesions of the femoro-popliteal segment of arteries, class D TASC II. All patients underwent CT angiography on a 64-spiral computed tomography scanner. Obtained data was compared with results of catheter angiography (digital subtraction angiography), used as a reference method.

Results: the sensitivity of CT angiography in determining the degree of lesion (stenosis or occlusion) of leg arteries was 100% and 94%, the specificity was 83% and 96%, respectively. The overall accuracy of CT angiography in the tibial segment was 87% for stenoses and 94% for occlusions. According to results of CTA, massive calcification was detected in 13% of cases from the total number of analyzed arteries. When evaluating these arteries according to DSA data, most of arteries (11 of 12) were occluded, and the length of occlusions in 8 cases was maximum according to the GLASS classification (the length was more than 1/3 of the artery length). The presence of strong correlations between CT angiography and digital angiography on the presence of occlusions, stenoses> 50% and their length was determined.

Conclusions: CT angiography is a highly informative method for diagnosing the degree and length of lesions of shin arteries in patients with critical lower limb ischemia.

References

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2.     Reinecke H, Unrath, M, Freisinger E, et al. Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischaemia: still poor outcomes and lack of guideline adherence. European heart journal. 2015; 36(15), 932-938.

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3.     National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lower limb arterial diseases. Expert group for the preparation of recommendations: chairmen of the expert group Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bokeria LA, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pokrovsky AV. Moscow, 2019 [In Russ].

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4.     Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink M, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group (2018). 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries Endorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). European heart journal. 2018; 39(9): 763-816.

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13.   ?urovi? Sarajli? V, Toti? D, Bi?o Osmanagi? A, et al. Is 64-Row Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography Equal to Digital Subtraction Angiography in Treatment Planning in Critical Limb Ischemia? Psychiatr Danub. 2019; 31(5): 814-820.

14.   Al-Rudaini HEA, Han P, Liang H. Comparison Between Computed Tomography Angiography and Digital Subtraction Angiography in Critical Lower Limb Ischemia. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2019; 15(5): 496-503.

https://doi.org/doi:10.2174/1573405614666181026112532

15.   Lim JC, Ranatunga D, Owen A, et al. Multidetector (64+) Computed Tomography Angiography of the Lower Limb in Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: Assessment of Image Quality and Accuracy in a Tertiary Care Setting. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2017; 41(2): 327-333.

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18.   Molitvoslovova NA, Manchenko OV, Jaroslavceva MV, et al. The relationship of calcification of the arteries of the lower extremities with the severity of distal neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Problemy jendokrinologii. 2013; 59(2): 7-11 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.14341/probl20135927-11

19.   Konijn LCD, Takx RAP, de Jong PA, et al. Arterial calcification and long-term outcome in chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients. Eur J Radiol. 2020; 132: 109305.

https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109305

Abstract:

Introduction: the problem of restenosis prevention and its early detection is very important in patients who underwent coronary intervention with bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). But when is it necessary to perform elective coronary angiography in order not to miss possible restenosis development? This question needs to be answered.

Aim: was to define the correct period to perform elective coronary angiography after bare-metal stent implantation in acute coronary syndrome.

Material and methods: the study included 124 patients who underwent coronary intervention with BMS implantation in ACS, in period of 1-14 months before current admission. All patients included in this study had indications for repeating coronary angiography and were diagnosed hemodynamically relevant in-stent restenosis. No risk factors of restenosis were revealed at these patients.

Results: average time of restenosis detection was 7,9±1,99 months. Average percent of restenosis among all included patients was 68,6±13,1%. We also revealed direct correlation of percent of restenosis with time of restenosis detection (r=0,5785, p <0,05). Correlation between time and percentage of restenosis and stent type or TIMI grade, was also estimated in this study.

Conclusion: according to results of our study, there are good reasons to repeat coronary angiography in 7-9 month after BMS implantation in ACS, even if patients have no risk factors of restenosis.

References

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7.     Goncharov AI, Kokov LS, Likharev AYu. Otsenka effektivnosti stentirovaniya koronarnyh arterij razlichnymi tipami stentov u bol'nyh IBS. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal intervencionnoj kardioangiologii. 2009; 19: 23-24 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: the role of intracerebral stenosis of brain arteries in the development of postoperative strokes in patients with extensive atherosclerosis remains unresolved, and in clinical practice, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of cerebral arteries is not carried out routinely to predict the risk of postoperative cerebrovascular disorders.

Aim: was to identify factors of MRA of intracerebral arteries essential for prognosis of ischemic strokes in postoperative period of angiosurgical interventions and in acute period of myocardial infarction (AMI), from the quantitative processing of brain MRA recruited from the MRI — MRA register.

Materials and methods: results of brain MRA of 195 patients with extensive atherosclerosis carried out before cardio- or angiosurgical interventions were analyzed. Of these, three had an ischemic stroke after carotid endarterectomy, three — after CABG operations, and five — after surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms, on 2-5 day after surgery. We also studied results of brain MRA in five patients who developed an episode of ischemic brain stroke in the acute period of acute myocardial infarction. In all cases of circulatory disorders were localized in the region of middle cerebral artery (MCA). Everyone was given a time-of-flight MRA with reconstruction of three-dimensional anatomical picture of cerebral arteries. The index of gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen (GNL) of artery was calculated as the ratio of the difference in the area of artery at stenosis and at nearest proximal non-stenosed level, to the distance between them, along the course of the vessel: GNL={(Snorm–Sstenosis)/Dnorm–stenosis}, mm²/mm.

Results: analyzing the visual picture of brain MRA in patients, the sign of critical narrowing of MCA for >50% was observed in all five patients with acute ischemic stroke concomitant with acute myocardial infarction. In all 11 patients who developed postoperative stroke, the visual picture of MCA stenosis was bilateral, more pronounced on the side of the ischemic disorder after the operation. When using the GNL index, it was obvious that ischemic stroke developed only when the stenosis was more sharp than GSP >1,05 mm²/mm. Of five patients who showed signs of MCA stenosis but did not have postoperative stroke, four took doses of 250 mg/day or more of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (mexidol) for more than a month at the outpatient stage. The sensitivity of MRA preoperative sign of MCA stenosis in relation to postoperative ischemic stroke was 100% in all groups, the specificity and diagnostic accuracy was 97,5%, the predictability of a positive conclusion was 62,5-75%, and the predictability of a negative conclusion was 97-99%.

Conclusion: technology for evaluating the gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen in the area of atherosclerotic stenosis of intracerebral arteries in patients with extensive atherosclerosis allows predicting the risk of postoperative stroke. Gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen index for atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery over 1,05 mm²/mm in patients with extensive atherosclerosis predicts increased risk of strokes in postoperative period, or as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Long-term preoperative injection of mexidol probably reduces the risk of postoperative stroke in extensive atherosclerosis.

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https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2014.15.1.161

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https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4715

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https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5113

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Abstract:

Introduction: carboxyangiography does not come into extensive use nowadays, due to two fundamental reasons: the impossibility of getting an equitable to Iodinated Contrast Agents (ICA) quality of angiographic image without special angiography system software. Besides, labour intensity, continuance, and potential risks of the methodology of «hand-operated» injection of carbon dioxide. Carboxyangiography made by automatic injector CO₂ appears a fundamentally new technique, free from pointed limitations.

Aim: was to inform possibilities and safety of carboxyangiography with automatic injector in different vascular basins.

Materials and methods: article presents data on possibilities and safety of performing carboxyangiography of various vascular basins, based on the analysis of world literature data. Data on indications and contraindications, on  features of this technique are presented. Article also provides clinical examples of such interventions as: revascularization of various peripheral basins (renal arteries, arteries of lower limbs, veins of upper limbs), primary and secondary interventions for abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR, diagnostics of endoleaks), formation and disconnection of various fistulas and shunts (TIPS, correction of fistulas and AVMs), interventions for gastrointestinal bleedings, implantation of cava filters, as well as a number of diagnostic procedures.

Conclusions: carboxyangiography with the use of the automatic injector can be performed for diagnostic and treatment endovascular interventions, as well in high operation risk patients with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) or/and ICA allergy. In case of use of automatic injector and special angiographic software, image quality is highly competitive with ICA contrast-enhanced imaging.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2004.05.005

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Abstract

Article provides a literature review on problems of diagnosing of intracranial aneurysms (IA) rupture and its complications.

Aim: was to study relevant data on the use of computed tomography (CT), as well as other imaging methods, in patients with ruptured aneurysms in the acute period.

Materials and methods: a search was conducted for publications on this topic, dating up to December 2019, using main Internet resources: PubMed databases, scientific electronic library (Elibrary), Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar.

Results: we analyzed 45 literature sources, covering the period from 1993 to 2019, which include 3 meta-analyzes, 5 descriptions of studies evaluating the effectiveness of various visualization methods for ruptured IA. Both foreign and Russian publications were involved.

Conclusion: native CT is the leading visualization method to detect hemorrhages in nearest hours after the rupture of IA. CT angiography in combination with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), according to the vast majority of authors, allows to make thorough preoperative planning in the shortest time, as well as to identify unruptured aneurysms. Based on the obtained data, it is advisable to conduct a study to assess the role of CT in the acute period of IA rupture, as well as in the diagnosis of complications in the early postoperative period.

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Abstract

Aim: was to determine the role of radiation and interventional methods of diagnosis and treatment of traumatic pelvic bleeding.

Material and methods: for the period 2016 -2019, we analyzed results of diagnosis and treatment of 37 patients with pelvic injuries, complicated by intra-pelvic bleeding. CT scanning of retroperitoneal pelvic hematoma (RPH) was performed in all cases, results of calculations were compared with the surgical classification of I.Z. Kozlova (1988) on the spread of retroperitoneal hemorrhage and volume of blood loss in pelvic fractures. MSCT-A was performed in 16 (45%) injured. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 10 (27%) cases, of which after MSCT-A – in 4 cases, and as the primary method for the diagnosis of arterial bleeding – in 6 cases.

Results: according to MSCT, the frequency of minor hemorrhages was 18 (50%), medium 16 (43%), large 3 (8%). CT calculation of the volume of small hemorrhages ranged from 92 to 541 cm3, medium – 477-1147 cm3, large –1534 cm3 and more. MSCT-A revealed signs of damage of arteries of the pelvic cavity: extravasation of contrast medium – in 4, cliff and «stop-contrast» – in 1, post-traumatic false aneurysm – in 1, displacement and compression of the vascular bundle – in 4 observations. DSA revealed signs of damage of vessels of the pelvis: extravasation of contrast medium – 3, angiospasm – 2 and occlusion – 2 observations. According to results of angiography, embolization of damaged arteries was performed in 5 observations.

Conclusion: MSCT is a highly sensitive method in assessing the distribution and calculation of RPH volume. The presence of a hematoma volume of more than 50-100 cm3, regardless of the type of pelvic damage, was an indication for MSCT. In patients with stable hemodynamics, DSA was used as a clarifying diagnostic method; in patients with unstable hemodynamics, it was used as the main method for diagnosis and treatment of injuries of pelvic vessels. Damage of pelvic vessels detected by angiography was observed predominantly in unstable pelvic fractures, accompanied by medium and large retroperitoneal pelvic hemorrhages.

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Abstract:

Background: clinical case of a rarely encountered pathology (0.1-3.5%) in cardiac surgery, such as the aneurysm of the left coronary artery (LCA), is presented. It was detected and analyzed by coronary angiography and coronary CT angiography

Aim: was to show possibilities of radiation research methods in identifying and evaluating of coronary artery aneurysms.

Materials and methods: a 67-year-old patient was referred to the Federation National Center of Cardiovascular Surgery (Penza) for follow-up examination (coronary angiography) and to decide on the choice of management due to the presence of critical aortic valve stenosis. Performed coronary angiography and subsequent coronary CT angiography for demonstrate the topography of the aneurysm.

Results: according to the data of coronary angiography at the region of trifurcation of the LCA or the anterior descending artery, intermediate and circumflex arteries a large-sized aneurysm is visualized. Due to coronary CT angiography data, the one is located at a distance of 1.0 cm from the entrance of the LCA in the area of trifurcation. It's presented by an aneurysmal dilatation of a rounded shape 1.3 cm in diameter with locally calcific walls.

Conclusion: coronary angiography and coronary CT angiography made it possible to identify anc examine individual morphological features of the anatomy of the coronary artery aneurysm, as well as demonstrate and take apart its topography to clearly, which in turn made it possible to rationally determine the management of the patient.

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37.    Kim WY, Danias PG, Stuber M, et al. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of coronary stenoses. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 345 (26): 1863-1869.

38.    Mavrogeni S, Markousis-Mavrogenis G., Kolovou G. Contribution of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the evaluation of coronary arteries. World J. Cardiol. 2014; 6 (10): 1060-1066.

Abstract:

Aim: was to improve diagnostics of neck vessels' damage, by methods of traditional and CT-angiography

Material and methods: 65 injured patients with suspected damage of neck major vessels underwent examination. 52 persons had open traumas of the neck, 13 persons had closed traumas of the neck. Radiological diagnostics included CT-angiography and traditional angiography Main aim of examination was in determination of damage including both vessels and other structures of the neck, their localization and the nature of damage.

Results: CT-angiography gave possibilities:

•           to give exact characterictics of all traumatic injures of the neck and to choose the group of patients with vessel traumas (23 patients)

•           to define exactly the nature of the damage of neck vessels (aneurysm, thrombosis, rupture);

•           to control the effectiveness of the surgical intervention.

Traditional angiography was applied in 10 observations of the traumatic aneurysm of neck vessel, for search of the additional diagnostic information. In comparison with results of CT- angiography any other precise information was not received.

Conclusions: analysis of the traditional and CT-angiography diagnostic possibilities of vessels damage, accompanying cervical trauma demonstrated high effectiveness of both methods. Traditional angiography should be used in absence of CTA in diagnostic arsenal. 

Referenses

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2.      Mosyagin V.B., Slobozhankin A.D., Chernysh A.V et al. Experience in surgical treatment of closed lesions of major vessels of the neck. Vestnik Rossijskoj voenno-medicinskojakademii. 2013; 1 (41): 80-83 [In Russ].

3.      Vereshchagin S.V., Ahmad M.M.D., Kucher V.N. et al. The first experience of endovascular treatment of posttraumatic false aneurysms of aortic arch branches. Endovaskulyarna nejrorentgenohirurgiya. 2014; 2 (8): 64-70 [In Russ].

4.      Abakumov M.M. Multiple and combined wounds of the neck, chest, abdomen. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachej. 2013; 688 [In Russ].

5.      Mosyagin V.B, Chernysh A.V, Ryl'kov V.F. et al. Experience of surgical treatment of wounds of the neck. Vestnik Rossijskoj voenno-medicinskoj akademii. 2012; 3 (39): 86-90 [In Russ].

6.      Shabonov A.A., Trunin E.M. Treatment of wounds and injuries of major vessels of the neck. Vestnik Avicenny. 2011; 2 (47): 135-141 [In Russ].

7.      Sayyed Ehtesham Hussain Naqvi, Eram Ali, Mohammed Haneef Beg et al. Successful Resuscitation of a Cardiac Arrest following Slit Neck and Carotid Artery Injury: A Case Report. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10 (6): 25-27.

8.      Halimova A.A. Post-traumatic dissection of vertebral and major arteries as a complication of mechanical injury of the carotid artery on the background of a light traumatic brain injury. Nejrohirurgiya i nevrologiya Kazahstana. 2012; 4 (29): 29-32 [In Russ].

9.      Komelyagin D.Yu., Dubin S.A., Vladimirov F.I. et al. Clinical case of treatment of a patient with post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula in the neck. Detskaya hirurgiya. 2015;19 (5): 50-53 [In Russ].

10.    Griessenauer C.J., Foreman P.M, Deveikis J.P. et al. Optical coherence tomography of traumatic aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg. 2016; 124 (2): 305-9.

11.    Shtejnle A.V., Alyab'ev F.V., Duduzinskij K.Yu. at al. History of surgery damages blood vessels of the neck. Sibirskij medicinskij zhurnal. 2008; 23 (2): 87-97 [In Russ]

Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the efficacy of MSCT in assessment of long-term graft patency after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Material and methods: 25 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease were included in the research. To assess the 5-year graft patency, MSCT arteriography was performed.

Results: a total of 96 grafts (22 left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and 74 saphenous venous grafts (SVG)) were analyzed using MSCT There were 12 venous sequential grafts and 19 venous Y-shaped grafts determined. During the assessment of graft patency, 13 occlusions of venous grafts and 1 hemodynamically significant stenosis were detected. Occlusion and hemodynamically significant stenosis of mammary grafts were not observed.

Conclusion: MSCT arteriography, allows to determine occlusive and hemodynamically significant stenoses of SVG. Results of study shows the prevalence of SVG occlusions and stenosis over arterial grafts. CT angiography can be highly informative for assessing the patency of grafts in late periods after CABG. 

References

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5.      Lee R, Lim J, Kaw G, Wan G, Ng K, Ho KT. Comprehensive noninvasive evaluation of bypass grafts and native coronary arteries in patients after coronary bypass surgery: accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography compared to invasive coronary angiography. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2010; 11(2): 81-90.

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15.    Tinica G, Chistol RO, Enache M, Leon Constantin MM, Ciocoiu M, Furnica C. Long-term graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting: Effects of morphological and pathophysiological factors. Anatol J Cardiol. 2018 Nov;20(5):275-282. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018. 51447.

16.    Drouin A, Noiseux N, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Soulez G, Mansour S, Tremblay JA, Basile F, Prieto I, Stevens LM. Composite versus conventional coronary artery bypass grafting strategy for the anterolateral territory: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013 Aug 26; 14: 270. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14270.

17.    Deb S, Cohen EA, Singh SK, Une D, Laupacis A, Fremes SE RAPS Investigators. Radial artery and saphenous vein patency more than 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery: results from RAPS (Radial Artery Patency Study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Jul 3;60(1):28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.037.

Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the importance of pre-procedural cephalic vein (CV) angiography for pacemaker (PM) implantation better results.

Methods: 94 patients (pts) (55 women) aged 23-93 years old were included into the study Pts were randomized into two groups (1:1). Group I (n=47; 24 females): angiography of CV was made before PM implantation. In Group II PM implantation was performed without previously angiography Endpoints: time of procedure, efficacy doses

Results: fluoroscopy time and length of procedure in group I were less than in group II (p=0.0002 and p<0.0001 respectively). Four types of CV anatomy were found. Thus, I type of CV anatomy was most favorable for procedure due to angle between v.cephalica and subclavian vein less then 900. Conclusion: the acute angle of cephalic-axillary confluence is the most common type of CV anatomy and is associated with most success of procedure. Implantation of PM taking into consideration variants of anatomical structure of v cephalica in the subclavian area can reduce the radiation dose, possibility of complications, as well as reduce the duration of the intervention. Preoperative evaluation of the anatomical structure of veins of upper limbs before implantation of permanent pacemakers is a rational approach that allows choosing the method of conducting endocardial electrodes in the right heart.

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Abstract:

Introduction: for assessment of the significance of coronary artery stenosis, it is necessary to determine the minimum area of the residual square of the vessel lumen (VLRS) that can provide adequate blood flow to myocardial needs. This value is called «threshold» or «borderline». Numerous studies on this issue using modern intravascular and isotope techniques, randomized clinical trials have shown that the values of the «borderline» value of VLRS for proximal coronary arteries are within 3-4 mml. According to the literature, the angiographic method for assessing the severity of stenosis is not sufficiently informative and unreliable. In this article, a combination of coronary angiography with use of balloon catheter is proposed, that allows to eliminate disadvantages of the angiographic method in solving the task is shown.

Aim: was to investigate possibilities of the method of determining the VLRS of coronary artery (CA) in the stenosis region and to assess its hemodynamic significance based on coronary angiography (CG) using a balloon catheter

Materials and methods: the essence of the proposed approach is the obstruction of the artery at the site of stenosis with a balloon catheter with a known cross-sectional area; the VLRS value in this case is equal to or smaller than the area of the balloon catheter. In case of obstruction of the artery by balloon catheter with a transverse area up to 4 mm2, stenosis was considered to be hemodynamically significant and revascularization was recommended; with preserved intensive blood flow, stenosis is considered hemodynamically insignificant.

Results: angiogram evaluation was performed in 120 patients with IHD with «intermediate» stenoses of proximal coronary arteries (from 40 to 70%) using the described technique. In 84% of cases, VLRS was estimated at 3,14 mm2 or less; in 8% of the VLRL was 3,86 mm2 or less. In such areas of coronary arteries, stenosis was considered hemodynamically significant. These patients underwent revascularization of the myocardium - balloon angioplasty and stenting of the coronary artery In 8% of cases, VLRS was more than 4 mm2, coronary stenosis in such cases was recognized as hemodynamically insignificant, and endovascular treatment was not performed in these patients.

Conclusion: the proposed approach for assessment of the area of the residual square of coronary artery lumen at the site of constriction provides an opportunity for an optimal choice of treatment tactics. 

References 

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Abstract:

The authors report of 126 patients with organic hyperinsulinism operated on in 1998-2004 (84 males, 42 females, mean age 44,5-4,2 years). Insulinoma was found in 114 patients (90,5%), beta-cells hyperplasiaand microadenomatosis in 12 (9,5%), solitary tumor in 106, and multiple tumors in 8 cases. 46 of 125 insulinomas (36,8%) were localized in pancreatic head, 45 (36,0%) in the body, and 34 (27,2%) in the tail of pancreas.

Angiography (highly selective contrast injections to celiac artery, its branches and upper mesenteric artery) with digital subtraction and magnification was performed in all cases. Selective intra-arterial injection of Calcium Gluconate (1,8-3,6 mg) with sampling of right hepatic vein immunoreactive insulin (30 sec, 1 min, 2 min and 3 min after stimulation) was done to 110 patients. Sensitivity of the angio-graphic method was as high as 79,9%. Intra-arterial Calcium stimulation test helped to regionalize 108 of 121 «sources of hyperinsulinism». Combination of angiography and Calcium stimulation test shown to be effective in 96,8% cases. 

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25.   Angeli E., Vanzulli A., Castrucci M. Et al.Value of abdominal sonography and MRimaging at 0.5 T in preoperative detection ofpancreatic insulinoma: a comparison withdynamic CT and angiography. Abdom. Imaging.1997; 22: 295-303.

26.   Lo C.Y., Lam K.Y., Kung A.W. et al. Pancreaticinsulinomas. A 15-years experience. Arch.Surgery. 1997; 132: 926-930.

27.   Pereira P.L., Roche A.J., Maier G.W. et al.Insulinoma and islet cell hyperplasia: value ofthe calcium intraarterial stimulation testwhen finding of other preoperative studiesare negative. Radiology. 1998; 206: 703-709.

28.   Defreyne L., Konig K., Lerch M.M. et al.Modified intra-arterial calcium stimulation-with venous sampling test for preoperativelocalization of insulinomas. Abdom. Imaging.1998; 23: 322-331.

29.   Baba Y, Miyazono N., Nakajo M. et al. Localization of insulinomas. Comparison of conventional arterial stimulation with venoussampling (ASVS) and superselective ASVS.Acta Radiol. 2000; 41: 172-177.

30.   Pedrazzoli S., Pasquali C., Miotto D. et al.Transhepatic portal sampling for preoperative localization of insulinomas. Surg. Gynecol.Obstet. 1987; 165: 101-106.

31.   Won J.G., Tseng H.S., Yang AH. et al. Intraarterial calcium stimulation test for detectionof insulinomas: detection rate, responses ofpancreatic peptides, and its relationship to differentiation of tumor cells. Metabolism. 2003;52:1320-1329.

32.   Sung Y.M., Do Y.S., Shin S.W. et al. Selective intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic-venous sampling for preoperative localizationof insulinomas. Korean J. Radiol. 2003; 4: 101-108.

33.   O'Shea D., Rohrer-Theurs A.W., Lynn J.A.et al. Localization of insulinomas by selective intra-arterial calcium injection. J. Clin.Endocrinol. Metab. 1996; 81: 1623-1627.

34.   Lee W.L., Won J.G., Chiang J.H. et al. Selective intra-arterial calcium injection in the-investigation of adult nesidioblastosis: acase report. DiabetMed. 1997; 14: 985-988.

35.   Ito K., Takada T., Amano H. et al. Localization of islet-cell hyperplasia: value of pre- and intra operative arterial stimulation and venous sam pling./ Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 2004; 11:203-206.

Abstract:

Traumas, complicated with the injury of blood vessels are the most grave situations in traumatology. Occurrence rate of such complicated traumas increased two or three times within past decade. The experience of angiographic evaluation of blood vessels injuries is represented in this article. 208 patients with vascular injuries underwent angiography within the period since 2003 till 2006. There were 177 men and 31 women. Angiographic findings were: false aneurism (pseudoaneurism) in 38% of cases, arteriovenous communication (fistula) in 7,2% of cases, occlusion of arterial lumen in 28,8% of cases, soft tissue hematoma in 6,2%, full transversal rupture of vessel in 1,5%, intimal dissection in 0,96% and absence of angiographic findings in 17,3% of cases. Angiography is the most informative diagnostic option in vascular trauma, which provides the possibility to determine the most optimal treatment option immediately.

References

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2.     Малышев Н.Н., Лазаренко В.И., Пулин А.Г. с соавт. Специализированная помощь и реабилитация больных с сочетанной травмой магистральных сосудов конечностей. Материалы 15-й международной конференции «Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия». Петрозаводск - Кондопога, 2004; 179-180.

3.     Белозеров Г.Е., Климов А.Б., Бочаров С.М., Черная Н.Р., Рябухин В Е., Прозоров С.А. Эндоваскулярные вмешательства при травме периферических артерий. Бюллетень НЦССХ им. А.Н.Бакулева РАМН. «Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. 10-й Всероссийский съезд сердечнососудистых хирургов»: Тезисы докладов. 2004; 5 (11): 198.

4.     Прокубовский В.И., Черкасов В.А., Дубовик С.Г. Чрескожная катетерная эмболизация в лечении ранений артерий и их последствий. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 1997; 1: 39-43.

5.     Коротков Д.А., Михайлов Д.В. Рентгенэндоваскулярная окклюзия пульсирующих гематом и ложных аневризм. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 1998; 4 (1): 134-136.

6.     Сосудистое и внутриорганное стентирование. Руководство. Под редакцией Л.С. Кокова, С.А. Капранова, Б.И. Долгушина, А.В. Троицкого, А.В. Протопопова, А.Г. Мартова. М.: Издательский дом «ГРААЛЬ», 2003; 154-155.

Abstract:

A group of patients, including 88 diabetics and 93 non-diabetics (patients were diagnosed according to A. Bollinger system) was studied in terms of occlusive-stentic lesions. The occlusive-stentic affection of low-extremities combined with diabetes is characterized by a number of distinctive features. The majority of diabetics are suffering the distal type of arterial lesion, while atherosclerotics suffer the proximal type. Diabetes functions as a complicating factor, forcing the development of occlusive-stentic process largely in distal segments of low extremities, meaning popliteal and crural arteries. This process eventually leads to the ischemia of low extremities.

References

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2.     Haimovici H. Patterns of arteriosclerotic lesions of the lower extremity. Arch. Surg. 1967; 95:918 - 933.

3.     Conrad M.C. Large and small artery occlusion in diabetics and nondiabetics with severe vascular disease. Circulation. 1967; 36:83 - 91.

4.     Bollinger A., Breddin K., Hess H., Heystraten F.M.J., Kollath J., Kontilla A., Pouliadis G., Marshall M., Mey Т., Mietaschk A., Roth F.-J. Semiquantitative assessment of lower limb atherosclerosis from routine angiographic images. Atherosclerosis. 1981; 38: 339-346.

5.     Van der Feen C, Neijens F.S., Kanters S.D.J.M., Mali WP.Th.M., Stolk R.P., Banga J.D. Angiographic distribution of lower extremity atherosclerosis in patients with and without diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2002;19:366-370.

6.     Покровский А.В., Дан В.Н., Чупин А.В.. Ишемическая диабетическая стопа. Синдром диабетической стопы. Клиника, диагностика, лечение и профилактика. Москва. 1998; 18 - 35.

7.     Балаболкин М.И.. Эндокринология. М.: Универсум паблишинг. 1998; 421, 423.

8.     Атанов Ю.П., Шамычкова А.А.. Диабетическая ангиопатия нижних конечностей. Российский медицинский журнал. 2001;5: 14- 15.

9.     Donnelly R. Vascular complications of diabetes. B.M.J. 2000; 320:1062- 1066.

10.   Faglia E. et al. Extensive use of peripheral angioplasty, particularly infrapopliteal, in the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: clinical results of a multicentric study of 221 consecutive diabetic subjects. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2002; 252: 225 - 232

11.   Awad S., Karkos CD., Serrachino-Inglott E, Cooper N.J., Butterfield J.S., Ashleigh R., Nasim A. The impact of diabetes on current revascularisation practice and clinical outcome in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery. 2006; 32 (1): 51-59.

12.   Bosiers M, Hart J.P, Deloose K., Verbist J., Peeters P. Endovascular therapy as the primary approach for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia: experience with 443 infrapopliteal procedures. Vascular. 2006; 14 (2):63 - 69.

Abstract: 

Aim: was to give a literature review normal coronary anatomy, described patterns of anomalous coronary arteries by using multislice computed tomography (MSCT).

Materials and methods: 1104 computed tomography coronary angiography (CCTA) was made in «Fedorovich Clinikasi» for the period of 2011-2016. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 82 years. Men were 790 (71.5%), women - 314 (28.5%). The study was carried out on the multislice spiral CT scanners Brilliance 64 and Brilliance i-CT 256 (PHILIPS).

Results. In 32 (2,9%) cases we detected anatomical variations as conus artery high take-off of a coronary ostium, myocardial bridging, shepherd's crook deformation of right coronary artery 23 (2%) patients had coronary artery anomaly (CAA) as a single coronary artery, absence of circumflex artery, hypoplasia of coronary artery, intra-atrial location, origin from the opposite coronary sinus of Valsalva, separate discharge of the LAD and circumflex from aorta, Blunt-White-Garland syndrome, coronary fistulas, aneurysms of coronary arteries. When a CAA is found, the exact origin, course and its position with other cardiac structures must be described in detail.   

References

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2.    Villa A., Sammut E., Nair A., Rajani R., Bonamini R. and Chiribiri A. Coronary artery anomalies overview: The normal and the abnormal. World J Radiol. 2016; 8(6): 537-555.

3.    Braat H.J.M. A coronary anomaly. Neth. Heart J. 2007; 15:267-268.

4.    Loukas M., Groat C., Khangura R. et al. The normal and abnormal anatomy of the coronary arteries. Clin. Anat. 2009; 22:114-128.

5.    Cheitlin, Mac Gregor J. Congenital Anomalies of coronary arteries: role in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death. Herz. 2009; 34:268-279.

6.    Ferreira M., Santos-Silva PR., de Abreu L.C. et al. Sudden cardiac death athlets: a systematic review. Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rehabil. Ther. Technol. 2010; 2:19.

7.    Frommelt PC. Congenital coronary artery abnormal ities predisposing to sudden cardiac death. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 2009; 32 63-66.

8.    Tseluyko V.I., Mishuk N.E., Kinoshenko K.Yu. Anomalii stroeniya koronarnyh arteriy. [Coronary artery anomalies]. Diabet i serdtse. 2012; 10(166):44-51 [In Russ].

9.    Angelini P. Coronary artery anomalies: an entity in search of an identity. Circulation. 2007; 115:1296-1305.

10.  Angelini P. Coronary Artery Anomalies - Current Clinical Issues. Definitions, Classification, Incidence, Clinical Relevance and Treatment Guiedlines. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 2002; 29:271-278.

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17.  Fujibayashi, Daisuke, Morino, Yoshihiro. A case of acute myocardial infarction due to coronary spasm in the myocardial bridge. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2008; 20: 217-219. 18.Morales A.R., Romanelli R., Tate L.G., Boucek R.J., de Marchena E. Intramural left anterior descending coronary artery: significance of the depth of the muscular tunnel. Hum Pathol. 1993; 24:693-701.

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20.  Yurtda§ M., Gulen O. Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left anterior descending artery: review of the literature. Cardiol J. 2012;19:122-129.

21.  Kuhn A., Kasnar-Samprec J., Schreiber C. Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from pulmonary artery. Int. J. Cardiol. 2010; 39: 27-28.

Abstract:

Aim: was to assess computed tomography angiography (CTA) abilities in analysis of internal carotid artery (ICA) critical atherosclerotic lesions.

Material and method: for the period 2014-2016 - 321 patients underwent examination (ultrasound and CTA of brachiocephalic arteries) prior to surgical treatment of ICA occlusive disease. CTA was made on Philips iCT 256-slice (noncontrast examination, arterial and venous phases), 50 ml on nonionic contrast agent was injected (4-4,5 ml/sec). We distinguished several types of ICA changes: stenosis more than 60% and 70%, critical stenosis, subocclusion (also with distal collapse), local occlusion.

Results: CTitical ICA stenosis was detected in 82 patients (26% of all observed cases); ICA changes with diffuse decrease of upper segments - in 20 cases (6,2% of cases). Among group of decreased diameter we saw subocclusion (18 patients) and local occlusion (2 patients). In the setting of local occlusion ICA contrast-enchanced through atypical ascending pharyngeal artery In patients with diffuse decrease of upper ICA segments all elements of circle of Wills were detected in 70% of cases. During surgery CTA results were confirmed, but atherosclerotic plaque extension was higher than observed at CT approximately at 10 mm.

Conclusion: we can refer critical stenosis, subocclusion and local occlusion to critical atherosclerotic ICA changes. The one should consider CTA limitations in differentiation of upper part of atherosclerotic plaque. In majority of cases decrease in ICA diameter was associated with severe atherosclerotic involvement and not with congenital changes CTA is necessary for preoperative assessment of carotid occlusive disease, especially in critical ICA changes.

References

1.     John J. Ricotta, Ali AbuRahma, Enrico Ascher, Mark Eskandari, Peter Faries and Brajesh K. Lal. Washington, DC; Charleston, WV; Brooklyn, NY; Chicago, Ill; New York, NY; and Baltimore, Md Updated Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for management of extracranial carotid disease. J Vasc Surg. 2011: Sep; 54(3):1-31.

2.     Nacional'nye rekomendacii po vedeniyu pacientov s zabolevaniyami brahiocefal'nyh arterij [National recommendations on treatment of brachicephalic arteries disease]. Rossijskij soglasitel'nyj dokument. 2013; 72S [ In Russ].

а)  Nacional'nye rekomendacii po vedeniyu pacientov s zabolevaniyami brahiocefal'nyh arterij [National recommendations on treatment of brachicephalic arteries disease] [Elektronnyj resurs]: ros. soglasit. dok. /Ros. o-vo angiologov i sosudistyh hirurgov, Assoc. serdech.-sosudistyh hirurgov Rossii, Ros. nauch. o-vo rentgenehndovaskulyar. hirurgov i intervencion. radiologov, Vseros. nauch. o-vo kardiologov, Assoc. flebologov Rossii ; L. A. Bokeriya, A. V. Pokrovskij, G. YU. Sokurenko [i dr.]. - M., 2013. - 72 s. - Rezhim dostupa: www. url: http://www.angiolsurgery.org /recommendations2013/recommendations_brachio- cephalic.pdf . 03.04.2015 [In Russ].

b)  Nacional'nye rekomendacii po vedeniju pacientov s zabolevanijami brahiocefal'nyh arteriT [National recommendations on treatment of brachicephalic arteries disease]. M.2013 [In Russ].

3.     Johansson E. and A.J. Fox., Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive Review, Part 2-Prognosis and Treatment, Pathophysiology, Confusions, and Areas for Improvement. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2016; 37(2):200-204.

4.     Johansson E. and A.J. Fox., Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive Review, Part 1- Definition, Terminology, and Diagnosis. American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2016; 37(1):2-10.

5.     Vishnyakova M.V., Pronin I.N., Lar'kov R.N., Zagarov S.S. Komp'yuterno-tomograficheskaya angiografiya v planirovanii rekonstruktivnyh operacij na vnutrennih sonnyh arteriyah [CT-angiography in planning of reconstructive operations on internal carotid arteries]. Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya. 2016; 10(3):11-19 [In Russ].

6.     Suzie M. El-Saden, Edward G. Grant, Gasser M. Hathout, Peter T. Zimmerman, Stanley N. Cohen, and J. Dennis Baker. Imaging of the internal carotid artery: the dilemma of total versus near total occlusion. Radiology 2001; 221(2):301-308.

7.     Mamedov F.R., Arutyunov N.V., Usachev D. YU, Lukshin V.A., Mel'nikova-Pickhelauri T.V., Fadeeva L.M., Pronin I.N., Kornienko V.N. Sovremennye metody nejrovizualizacii pri stenoziruyushchej i okklyuziruyushchej patologii sonnyh arterij [Modern methods of neurovisualization in stenotic and occlusive pathology of carotid arteries.]. Luchevaya diag nostika i terapiya. 2012; 3(3):109-116 [In Russ].

8.     Vishnyakova M.V. (ml), Pronin I.N., Lar'kov R.N., Vishnyakova M.V.. Detalizaciya okklyuziruyushchego porazheniya vnutrennej sonnoj arterii pri komp'yuternoj tomograficheskoj angiografii dlya planirovaniya rekonstruktivnyh operacij [Detalization of occlusive lesion of internal carotid artery in CT angiography for planning of reconstrutive operations]. Vestnik rentgenologii i radiologii. 2017; 98(2):69-77 [In Russ].

9.     Lippman H.H., Sundt T.M. Jr., Holman C.B.. The poststenotic carotid slim sign: spurious internal carotid hypolasia. Mayo Clin Proc. 1970; 45:762-767.

10.   Fox Allan J., Michael Eliasziw, Peter M. Rothwell, Matthias H. Schmidt, Charles P. Warlow, Henry J.M. Barnett. Identification, Prognosis, and Management of Patients with Carotid Artery Near Occlusion. American Journal of Neuroradiology. Sep 2005; 26(8):2086-2094

11.   Johansson E., Chman K., Wester P.. Symptomatic carotid near-occlusion with full collapse might cause a very high risk of stroke. J Intern Med 2015; 277:615-623.

Abstract:

Aim: was to investigate possibilities of multislice computed tomography in estimation of stenosis degree in coronary arteries in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Materials and methods: we examined 64 patients (18 female, 46 male, mean age 62,4± 9,5 years), who primary had been admitted to hospital and had high risk of IHD; and those who had early diagnosed IHD of 1,2,3 and 4 functional class, they were hospitalized for condition correction. Mainly spreaded risk factor was arterial hypertention in 55 patients - (85,9%) with highest level 200/100 mm hg and minimal 140/80 mm hg. All patients underwent multislice computed tomography (MSCT) on the 256-slice tomography station «Somatom definition flash (Siemens, Germany)»: collimation 128 x 0,6, the temporal resolution of 75 ms and a spatial resolution of 0.33 mm, slice thickness of 0.6 mm, with simultaneous use of two tubes with different voltage (kV 120/100), the current mAs - with programs to reduce radiation exposure Care Dose - is calculated automatically according to the constitution of man.

Post-processing of obtained data was performed on a workstation Syngo Via, in the application of CT-Soronary with automatic longitudinal separation of each coronary artery In view of image quality was analyzed data from end-diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle (80% R-R), or evaluated complex of multiphase images. We analyze the state of the main arteries of the main coronary: left anterior descending artery, the circumflex artery and the right coronary artery (LAD, CA, RCA). We performed estimation of coronary artery stenosis of segments according to the American Heart Association (AHA). Results were displayed in percentage. Obtained data was compared with those obtained using the reference method - X-ray coronary angiography, which was performed according to standard protocol

Results: comparison of results of coronary angiography and MSCT using correlation analysis showed the presence of strong direct significant correlation coefficients in the evaluation of coronary artery disease according to two methods. It was demonstrated a high inter-operator and intraoperator reproducibility of MSCT in the study of vessels conditions. Following characteristics of the method related to the identification of coronary artery stenosis segments: sensitivity - 95.8%, specificity - 92.8%, diagnostic accuracy - 95.1%, positive predictive value - 97.9%, negative predictive value - 86.6 %.

It was concluded that the high importance of the method of MSCT in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and the need for its widespread use in cardiology practice.  

References 

1.    Chazov E.I. Perspektivyi kardiologii v svete progressa fundamentalnoy nauki. [Prospects of Cardiology in light of the progress of fundamental science.] Ter. Archive. 2009; 9 : 5-8 [In Russ.]

2.    Данилов Н.М., Матчин Ю.Г. и др. Показания к проведению коронарной артериографии. Consilium Medicum. Болезни сердца и сосудов. 2006; 1(1). Danilov N.M., Matchin Yu.G. et al. Pokazaniya k provedeniyu koronarnoy arteriografii. Consilium Medicum. Bolezni serdtsa i sosudov. [Indications for coronary arteriography. Consilium Medicum heart disease and vascular. ]2006; 1(1) [In Russ.].

3.    Sun Z., Choo G.H., Ng K.H. Coronary CT angiography: current status and continuing challenges. Br. J. Radiol. 2012; 85: 495-510.

4.    Sun Z., Aziz YF., Ng K.H. Coronary CT angiography: how should physicians use it wisely and when do physicians request it appropriately. Eur. J. Radiol. 2012; 81: 684-687.

5.    Haberl R., Tittus J., Bohme E. et al. Multislice spiral computed tomographic angiography of coronary arteries in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: an effective filter before catheter angiography. Am. Heart J. 2005; 149: 1112-1119.

6.    Steigner M.L., Otero H.J., Cai T. et al. Narrowing the phase window width in prospectively ECG-gated single heart beat 320-detector row coronary CT angiography. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2009; 25: 85-90.

7.    Achenbach S., Marwan M., Schepis T. et al. High-pitch spiral acquisition: a new scan mode for coronary CT angiography. J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr. 2009; 3: 117-121.

8.    Budoff M.J., Dowe D., Jollis J.G. et al. Diagnostic performance of 64-multidetector row coronary computed tomographic angiography for evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in individuals without known coronary artery disease: results from the prospective multicenter ACCURACY (Assessment by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008; 52: 1724-1732.

9.    Petcherski O., Gaspar T., Halon D. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 256-row computed tomographic angiography for detection of obstructive coronary artery disease using invasive quantitative coronary angiography as reference standard. Am. J. Cardiol. 2013; 111: 510-515.

10.  De Graaf F.R., Schuijf J.D., Van Velzen J.E. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 320-row multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in the non-invasive evaluation of significant coronary artery disease. Eur. Heart J. 2010; 31: 1908-1915.

Abstract:

Aim. Was to evaluate technicalfeasibility and safety of the internalmammary artery redistribution embolization during intra-artena chemotherapy in breast cancer

Materials and methods. Between 2000 and 2010 years 42 patients with inflammatory form of local-spread breast cancer received 48 courses of combined treatment, including systemic and arterial chemotherapy plus radiotherapy In 6 patients, blood flow redistribution n the internal mammary artery was performed to avoid undesirable extra-breast perfusion with possible complications such as neuralgia necrosis of the skin, organ dysfunction. Coil embolization of the internal mammary artery was made distally from branches supplying breast tumor. After that, infusion of chemotherapeutic drug-in-iodized oil was performed

Results. Technicalsuccess rate was 100%.There was no complication of embolization and intra-arterialtherapy During further repeated researches, a giography showed persistent occlusion of the embolized branches and compensatory dilation of tumor-feeding arteries.Survivalrate of patients starts from 2-22 months,with continuation of combined treatment.

Conclusion. Redistribution of blood flow in the internal mammary artery is safe and may be used to avoid complications of ntra-arterial chemotherapy in breast cancer. 

References 

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3.    Таразов П.Г., Рыжков В.К. Эмболизация гастродуоденальной артерии при рентгеноэндоваскулярных вмешательствах по поводу цирроза и опухолей печени. Вестник хирургии. 1988; 140 (1): 83-85.

4.    Таразов П.Г., Павловский А.В., Гранов Д.А. Химиоэмболизация при раке головки поджелудочной железы. Вопросы онкологии. 2001; 47 (4): 489-491.

5.    Таразов П.Г. Эмболизация печеночной артерии при нетипичных анатомических вариантах ее строения у больных злокачественными опухолями печени. Вестник рентгенологии. 1990; 2: 28-32.

6.    Salem R., Thurston K.G. Radioembolization with 90 Yttrium microspheresa. Aa state-of-the-art brachytherapy treatment for primary and secondary liver malignancies, technical and methodologic considerations. J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2006; 17 (8): 1251-1278.

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9.    Таразов П.Г., Корытова Л.И., Шачинов Е.Г Внутриартериальная терапия рака молочной железы (обзор литературы). Вопросы онкологии. 2011; 57 (1): 126-131.

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11.  McCarter D.H.A. et al. Angiographic embolization of the distal internal mammary artery as an adjunct to regional chemotherapy in inoperable breast carcinoma. J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol. 1995; 6 (2): 249-251.

Abstract:

Purpose. Was to estimate the efficiency and sensitivity of X-ray-contrast (XRC), CT-angiography (CTAG) and colored duplex scanning (CDS) n diagnostics of patients with chronic abdominal ischemia (CAI)

Materials and methods. We have analyzed 1848 XRC, 436 CTAG and 181 CDS of patients with unpaired visceral artery branches of the abdominal aorta diseases, suffering from CAI.

Results. Due to CTAG, XRC and CDS we have revealed different levels of artery defeats, and also different types of stenotic and occlusion defeat.

Conclusions. CTAG is an effective screening method, and CDS - is an effective method of final diagnostics. Both of these methods should be included into algorithm CAI patients examination. 

References 

1.    Покровский А.В., Казанчан П.О., Дюжиков А.А. Диагностика и лечение хронической ишемии органов пищеварения. Ростов-на-Дону: Изд-во РостГУ. 1982; 321.

2.    Гавриленко А.В., Косенков А.Н. Диагностика и хирургическое лечение хронической артериальной ишемии. М.: Москва.2000; 308.

3.    Поташов Л.В., Князев М.Д., Игнашов A.M. Ишемическая болезнь органов пищеварения. М.: Медицина. 1985; 356.

4.    Ойноткинова О.Ш., Немытин Ю.В. Атеросклероз и абдоминальная ишемическая болезнь. М.: Медицина. 2001; 311.

5.    Шальков Ю.Л. Диагностика и хирургическое лечение хронических нарушений абдоминального артериального кровотока. Дис. д-ра мед. наук. Харьков. 1970; 340.

6.    Mikkelsen W.P., Zaro J.A. Intestinal angina, report of case with preoperative diagnosis and surgical relief. New. Engl. J. Med. 1959; 260 (5): 912-914.

7.    Аракелян В.С., Макаренко В.Н., Прядко С.И., Букацелло Р.Г. Возможности компьютерной томоангиографии в диагностике поражений непарных висцеральных ветвей аорты и определение показаний к их хирургической коррекции при хронической ишемии органов пищеварения. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2009; 15 (2 - прил.): 21.

8.    Егоров В.И., Яшина Н.И., Кармазановский Г.Г., Федоров А.В. КТ-ангиография как надежный метод верификации заболеваний, вариантов строения целиако-мезентериального бассейна. Медицинская визуализация. 2009; 3: 82-94.

9.    Mitchell E.L. et al. Duplex criteria for native superior mesenteric artery stenosis overestimate stenosis in stented superior mesenteric arteries. J. Vasc. Surg. 2009; 50 (2): 335-340.

10.  Moneta G.L. et al. Mesenteric duplex scanning. A blinded prospective stady. J. Vasc. Surg. 1993; 17: 79.

11.  Власов В.В. Введение в доказательную медицину. М.: Мед. Сфера. 2001; 392.

12.  Реброва О.Ю. Статистический анализ медицинских данных. Применение пакета прикладных программ STATISTICA. М.:Мед. Сфера. 2002; 305.

Abstract:

Purpose. Was to define the capability of multi-slice computed tomography angiography (MSCT-angiography) in diagnostics of arteriove-nosus conflict in patients with primary and recurrent varicocele.

Materials and methods. 46 patients with left-side varicocele were underwent MSCT-angiography: 36 had firstly diagnosed disease, 10 had recurrent types. Capability of MSCT-angiography in the zone of possible arteriovenosus conflicts was estimated on the base of imaging analysis: axial, multiplanar and 3D-imaging of left renal vein (LRV), a.mesenterica superior (AMS) in aortomesenterical zone, and crossing place of left iliaca communis vein(LICV) and right iliaca communis artery (LICA). We have investigated structure features of left testiculars vein (LTV) in patients with primary and recurrent varicocele.

Results. All the patients during axial imaging analysis we have investigated the crossing place of LRV and LICV with conflict arteries - AMS and LICA. We have revealed featured of LRV, compressed by AMS, on the base of axial and multiplanar imaging changes. Analysis of axial multiplanar and 3D-reconstruction has showed high capability in diagnostics of arteriovenosus conflict on the level LICV Study of multiplanar and CT-imaging in case of LICV valve insufficiency and different types of anatomy is possible

Conclusions. Taking into consideration diagnostic capability, technical simplicity and high sensitivity of MSCT-angiography in diagnostics of arteriovenosus conflicts in varicocele, this methodic must be included in algorithm of patients examination in case of primary and recurrent varicocele. MSCT-angiography in definition of haemodynamic types of disorders can promote the right choice of surgical correction.

References 

1.    Kim et al. Hemodynamic Investigation of the Left Renal Vein in Pediatric Varicocele. Doppler US, Venoaphy and   Pressure   Measurements.   Radiology. 2006; 241.

2.    Степанов В.Н., Кадыров З.А. Диагностика и лечение варикоцеле. М. 2001; 200.

3.    Бавильский В.Ф., Суворов А.В., Иванов А.В. и др. Выбор метода оперативного лечения варикоцеле.  Урология. 2003; 6: 40-43.

4.    Гарбузов Р.В., Поляев Ю.А., Петрушин А.В. Артериовенозный конфликт и варикоцеле у подростков. Диагностическая и итервенционная радиология. 2010; 4 (3): 31-36.

5.    Мазо Е.Б., Тирси К.А., Андранович С.В., Дмитриев Д.Г. Ультразвуковой тест и скротальная допплер-эхография в предоперационной диагностике гемо-динамического типа варикоцеле. Урология и нефрология. 1999; 3: 22-26.

6.    Лопаткин Н.А., Морозов А.В., Житникова Л.Н. Стеноз почечной вены. М.: Медицина. 1984.

7.    Коган М.И., Афоко А., Тампуори Д., Асанти-Асамани А., Пипченко О.И. Варикоцеле: противоречия проблемы. Урология. 2009; 6: 67-72.

8.    Кадыров З.А. Варикоцеле. М.: Медицина. 2006.

Abstract:

Front abdominal wall (FAW) flap – is known to be the best method of mammary gland restoration. Classical TRAM flap are replaced by muscle-saving analogs. To decrease the risk of FAW weakness autotransplantates made of skin, hypodermic cellulose and vessels have been developed. Such flaps are optimal for mammary gland restoration, but, unfortunately, their practical usage is complicated due to technical difficulties, linked with microsurgical technique for anastamosis. Anatomic variability of blood system also complicates their usage. CT-angiography of FAW – is known to be recently used method in patients going to have restoration of mammary gland with FAW-anastamosis flap, in order to define epigastric artery inferior (EAI). The article consists of the scientific work comparative analysis, which are devoted to the preoperative FAW vessels features estimation. There are developed CT-angiographic modes, which allows to obtain high-quality EAI and all its branches visualization, almost in 100% cases and that provides an opportunity to decrease patient’s beam loading. Obtained EAI topographic data can decrease the time of intervention.  

References

1.     Hartampf C.R., Scheflan M.Jr., Black P.W. Breast reconstruction with a transverse abdominal island flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1982; 69: 216.

2.     Holmstrom H. The free abdominoplasty flap and its use in breast reconstruction. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1979; 13: 423.

3.     Боровиков А.М. Восстановление груди после мастэктомии. М.: Губернская медицина. 2000; 96.

4.     Maurice Y. Nahabedian. Breast reconstruction. А review and rationale for patient selection. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2009; 124 (1): 55–62.

5.     Blondeel P.N. et al. The donor site morbidity of free DIEAP flaps and free TRAM flaps for breast reconstruction. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1997;50: 322–330.

6.     Gill P.S. et al. A 10-year retrospective review of 758 DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2004; 113: 1153–1160.

7.     Nahabedian M.Y. et al. Breast reconstruction with the free TRAM or DIEP flap. Patient selection, choice of flap and outcome. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2002; 110: 466–477.

8.     Spiegel A.J., Khan F.N. An intraoperative algorithm for use of the SIEA flap for breast reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007; 120: 1450–1459.

9.     Holm C. et al. The versatility of the SIEA flap. А clinical assessment of the vascular territory of the superficial epigastric inferior artery. J.Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 2007; 60:946–951.

10.   Blondeel P.N. et al. Doppler flowmetry in the planning of perforator flaps. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1998; 51: 202–209.

11.   Hallock G.G. Doppler sonography and color duplex imaging for planning a perforator flap. Clin. Plast. Surg. 2003; 30: 347–357.

12.   Giunta R.E., Geisweid A., Feller A.M. The value of preoperative Doppler sonography for planning free perforator flaps. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2000; 105: 2381–2386.

13.   Moon H.K. and Taylor G.I. The vascular anatomy of rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps based on the deep superior epigastric system. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1988; 82: 815.

14.   Phillips T.J. et al. Abdominal wall CT angiography. А detailed account of a newly established preoperative imaging technique. Radiology. 2008; 249 (1): 32–44.

15.   Masia J. et al. Multidetector-row computed tomography in the planning of abdominal perforator flaps. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 2006; 59: 594–599.

16.   Alonso-Burgos A. et al. Preoperative planning of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap reconstruction with multislice-CT angiography. Imaging findings and initial experience. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 2006; 59: 585–593.

17.   Rozen W.M. et al. Preoperative imaging for DIEA perforator flaps. A comparative study of computed tomographic angiography and Doppler ultrasound. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2008; 121: 9–16.

18.   Rozen W.M. et al. The DIEA branching pattern and its relationship to perforators. The importance of preoperative computed tomographic angiography for DIEA perforator flaps. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2008; 121: 367–373.

19.   Xin Minqiang et al. The value of multi-detector-row CT angiography for preoperative planning of breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric arterial perforator flaps. British Journal of Radiology. 2010; 83: 40–43.

20.   Masia J.

Abstract:

Purpose. Was to determine the possibilities of transrectal ultrasound research (TUR) in grayscale-mode with the use of ultrasound angiography in diagnostics of rectitis and in monitoring its treatment in patients with prostate cancet (PC) after radiation therapy.

Materials and methods. The research consists of 62 patients with verified localized prostatic cancer (T13N01M0), which have already obtained conformed radiation therapy (RT) as a radical strategy. To estimate expressive radiation reaction patients were underwent transrectal ultrasound research before, during and after (in 3, 6, 12 months) radiation therapy. During the experiment, using grayscale-mode, the thickness of rectum front wall, its structure and echogenicity, and prostata capsula propria (lat.) tracking were estimated in dynamics. Vascularization of rectum front wall and pararectal cellulose was also analyzed in dynamics. Results of transrectal ultrasound were compared with clinical symptoms during the whole period of supervision, and were registered on the basis of patient’s personal note during and after treatment.

Results. Based on patients complaints we have noticed development of radiation rectitis (radiation therapy after-effect) which can be registered as higher thickness of rectum front wall, changes in its structure, decreasement of echogenicity and increased vascularization. The major part of patients with these changes noticed that such symptoms were therapeutically eliminated during supervision. Such echo-graphic changes won’t appear in case of prostate cancer progression and it can be used as a differential diagnostics between radiation therapy after-effect and prostate cancer growth.

Conclusion. Transrectal ultrasound allows to visualize early radiation rectitis implications in patients with prostatic cancer during radiation theraphy, and can promote the necessary treatment correction and advanced symptomatic therapy. 

References

1.    Орлова Л.П., Зарезаев О.А. Ультразвуковой метод исследования в оценке эффективности лечения больных геморроем. SonoAceInternational (Рус. верс.). 2006; 14: 3–34.

2.    Гранов А.М., Матякин Г.Г., Зубарев А.В. и др. Возможности современных методов лучевой диагностики и лечения рака предстательной железы. Кремл. мед. клин. вест. 2004; 16: 9–12.

3.    Давыдов М.И., Аксель Е.М. Статистика злокачественных новообразований в России и в странах СНГ в 2007 г. Вестник РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН. 2009; 20 (3 – прил. 1): 8–138.

4.    Канделаки С.М., Гаджиев Г.И., Богомазов Ю.К. и др. Возможности эндоректальной эхографии с контрастным усилением в диагностике свищевой формы парапроктитов. SonoAceInternational (Рус. верс.). 2004; 12: 20–26.

5.    Pescatori M., Regadas F.S.P., Regadas S.M.M. Imaging atlas of the pelvic floor and anorectal diseases. Springer – Verlag Italy. 2008; 4–16, 27–34, 51–61, 73–81, 91–105.

6.    Трапезникова М.Ф., Голдобенко Г.В. Рак предстательной железы. Под ред. Н.Е. Кушлинского, Ю.Н. Соловьева, М.Ф. Трапезниковой. М.: Изд-во РАМН. 2002; 322–328.

7.    Yablon C.M. et al. Complications of prostate cancer treatment. Spectrum of imaging findings. Radiographics. 2004; 24: 181–194.

8.    Hulsmans F.-J.H. et al. Colorectal adenomas. Inflammatory changes that simulate malignancy after laser coagulation evaluation with transrectal US. Rad. 1993; 187: 367–371.

9.    Гранов А.М., Винокуров В.Л. Лучевая терапия в онкогинекологии и онкоурологии. С.-Пб.: ООО «Издательство ФОЛИАНТ». 2002; 178–208.

10.  Hricak H. et al. State of the art. Imaging prostate cancer. А multidisciplinary perspective. Rad. 2007; 243 (1): 28–53.

11.  Moore E.M., Magrino T.J., Johnstone P.A.S. Rectal bleeding after radiation therapy for prostate cancer – endoscopic evaluation. Rad. 2000; 217: 215–218. 

Abstract:

Purpose. Was to investigate ability of videodensitometry for assessment the effect of renal artery stenosis on parenchymal perfusion.

Materials and methods. Аngiographic data of 97 patients with and 55 patients without renal artery stenosis were analyzed by means of videodensitometry, using «Multivox» software. All patients underwent renal arteries duplex ultrasound and kidneys ultrasound examination.

Levels of blood pressure and kidney function as a clinical signs of renovascular hypertension were assessed. Risk factors of kidney parenchymal injury such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases were monitored.

Results. Videodensitometric analysis allows to detect statistically significant differences in parenchymal perfusion between kidneys with and without renal artery stenosis. A grade of changes in parenchymal perfusion correlates with angiographicaly measured degree of renal artery stenosis and renal artery blood flow velocity.

Conclusion. Videodensitometric perfusion parameters can be used to assess the effect of renal artery stenosis on parenchymal blood flow.

Thus, videodensitometry extends diagnostic capability of angiographic study. 

References 

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2.    Safian R.D., Textor S.C. Renal artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 431–442.

3.    Rihal C.S. et al. Incedental renal artery stenosis among a prospective cohort of hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography. May. Clin. Proc. 2002; 77:309–316.

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5.    Galaria I.I. et al. Percutaneous and open renal revascularizations have equivalent long-term functional outcomes. Ann. Vasc. Surgery. 2005; 19 (2): 218–228. 

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7.    Murphy T.P. et al. Increase of utilization of percutaneous renal artery interventions. Am.J. of Roentgenol. 2004; 183: 561–568.

8.    Wheatley K. et al. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal artery stenosis. N.Engl. J. Med. 2009; 361: 1953–1962.  

9.    Rocha-Singh K.J. et al. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: Intervention for Renal Artery Disease. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2873–2878.

10.  Волынский Ю.Д., Кириллов М.Г., Шамалов Н.А. и др. Анализ экстра- и интракраниальной гемодинамики с помощью метода рентгеноденситометрии. Спец. выпуск «Инсульт». Ж. невр. и псих. им. С.С.Корсакова. 2007; 243.

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Abstract:

46-year old man with obstructive jaundice has a complication of hemobilia after performed earlier percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Angiography failed to localize the bleeding site, that is why selective therapeutic embolization was not done. We performed implantation of Gore stent-graft into biliary ducts, and hemobilia stopped immediately.

Abstract:

The article describes results of analysis of five years of experience in the use of magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of lesions of lower limb arteries. This method was used in survey of 489 patients with lesions of the abdominal aorta, arteries of the pelvis and lower limbs. Coverage of this study patients with abnormal lower limb arteries was 14.8%. Features of MR angiographic imaging, advantages and limitations of the method, the relationship with the method X-ray angiography are discussed.

Abstract:

Aim. Was to investigate features of interposition of coronary bifurcations with different localizations in the aspect of their endovascular corrections, on the base of angiographycal imaging

Materials and methods. For research 238 patients were selected (193 men, 36 women) with 255 bifurcations - all the patients before stenting were underwent coronar arteries angiography (KAG). Registration and imaging processing were made on Axiom Artis dFC («Siemens») and CS-60 («Omega»). Omnipaque 350 mgl/ml («Nycomed/GE Healthcare») was used as contrast agent on KAG Results. Dimensional structure of coronary bifurcations is very variable. Main branch (MB) rarely has rectilinear course. Most spread bifurcation angle was between proximal and distal MB segments, less spread - between distal segment of MB and lateral brunch (LB).

References 

1.    Dzavik V. et al. Predictors of long-term outcome after crush stenting of coronary bifurcation lesions. Importance of the bifurcation angle. Am. Heart. J. 2006; 152: 762-759.

2.    Chen S.-L. et al. Effect of coronary bifurcation angle on clinical outcomes in Chinese patients treated with crush stenting. А subgroup analysis    from DKCRUSH-1    bifurcation    study.    Chin. Med. J.2009; 122 (4): 396-402.

3.    Lefevre T. et al. Stenting of bifurcation lesions:    classification,    treatments, and results. Cath. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2000; 49 (3): 274-283.

4.    Johnston P.R., Kilpatrick D. The effect of branch angle on human coronary artery blood    flow.     MODSIM97    conference. 8-11 December, 1997. Proceeding of the International congress on Modelling and Simulation. University of Tasmania: Hobart. 1997; 1029-1034.

5.    Ramcharitar S. et al. A novel dedicated quantitative coronary analysis methodology for bifurcation lesion. Eurointervention. 2008; 3 (5): 553-557.

Abstract:

Recently one can see higher incidence rate of fatty liver. The purpose of our study was to examine the abilities of raiodiagnostics (computed tomography and bolus contrast-enhanced CT angiography) in patients with different stages of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Seventy four patients with morphologically verified diagnosis of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis were included into the study. Hepatic parenchyma density was assessed quantitatively, as well as blood flow parameters at time-dencity curve in stages 1 (initial), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe) of the disease. It was shown that hepatic time-dencity curve in patients with fatty liver was lower than splenic one. Thus, computed tomography and CT angiography are highly informative methods in diagnostics of hepatic steatosis, defying not only presence of the disease, but differentiating its stage and optimizing the therapeutic strategy.

References 

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2.    Северов М.В. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени. В кн. Практическая гепа-тология под ред. акад. Н.А. Мухина. 2004; 145-149.

3.    Подымова С.Д. Болезни печени. Руководство для врачей. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Медицина. 1993; 267-278.

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5.    Ивашкин И.Т. Неалкогольный стеатогепатит. Российский медицинский журнал. 2000; 2:41-46.

6.    Логинов А.С., Аруин Л.И., Шепелева С.Д., Ткачев В.Д. Пункционная биопсия в диагностике хронических заболеваний печени.Тер. арх. 1996; 68 (2): 5-8.

7.    Логинов А.С., Аруин Л.И. Возможности и ограничения морфологической диагностики заболеваний печени.  Тер. арх. 1980; 2:3-8.

8.    Joe D. Diagnosis of fatty liver disease: is biopsy necessary? D. Joy, V.R. Thava, B.B. Scott. Eur. J.   Gastroenterol. Hepatol.  2003;   15   (5):         13.539-543.

9.    Кармазановский Г.Г., Вилявин М.Ю., Никитаев Н.С. Компьютерная томография печени  и желчных путей.  М.:   «ПАГАНЕЛЬ-БУК». 1997; 357.

10.  Мизандари М., Мтварадзе А., Урушадзе О. ,Маисая К., Тодуа Ф. Комплексная лучевая  диагностика диффузной патологии печени.   Медицинская   визуализация.   2002;   1:60-66.

11.  Габуния Р.И., Колесникова Е.К. Компьютерная томография в клинической диагностике. Руководство. М.: Медицина.   1995;234.

12.  Китаев В.М., Белова И.Б., Китаев СВ. Компьютерная томография при заболеваниях печени. М. 2006; 110-115.

13.  Лучевая диагностика заболеваний печени (МРТ, КТ, УЗИ, ОФЭКТ и ПЭТ) под ред. проф. Г.Е. Труфанова. М.: Изд. Группа «ГЭОТАР-Медиа». 2007; 193.

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15.  Яковенко Э.П., Григорьев П.Я., Агафонова Н.А. и др. Метаболические заболевания печени: проблемы терапии. Фарматека. 2003; 10: 47-53.

16.  Петухов В.А., Каралкин А.В., Ибрагимов Т.И. и др. Нарушение функции печени и дисбиоз при жировом гепатозе и липидном дистресс-синдроме и их лечение препаратом Дюфалак (лактулоза). Российский гастроэнтерологический журнал. 2001; 2: 93-102.

Abstract:

A case report of successful treatment of a penetrating stab injury of the superficial femoral artery ir the adductor canal using uncovered stent. While stenting is usually used in major arteries for an intimal defeat and/or dissection due to blunt trauma, sometimes this type of penetrating injury pattern allows performing uncovered stent implantation. In this case report, it was a small side injury of vessel with the impression of the arterial wall inside the lumen resulting less than 50% stenosis and the absence of active extravasation during angiography Prior to stenting, balloon angioplasty was not effective to affect the intimal tear completely Good final angiographic and functional outcome with fast complete recovery let us draw a conclusion of the possibility of usage of uncovered stents Г certain cases with specific penetrating injury pattern.

Refernces

1.     Compton C., Rhee R. Peripheral vascular trauma. Perspect. Vasc. Surg. Endovasc. Ther. 2005; 17 (4): 297-307.

2.     Rasmussen T.E., Clouse W.D., Peck M.A. et al. Development and implementation of endovascular capabilities in wartime. J. Trauma. 2008; 64 (5): 1169-1176.

3.     Teixeira P.G., Inaba K., Hadjizacharia P. et al. Preventable or potentially preventable mortality at a mature trauma center. J. Trauma. 2007; 63 (6): 1338-1347.

4.     Bocharov S.M. Angiograficheskaja diagnostika i jendovaskuljarnoe lechenie pri travme arterij. Diss. kand. med. nauk [Angiographic diagnosis and endovascular treatment in arterial trauma. Cand. med. sci. diss.]. Moscow. 2008: 103 [In Russ].

5.     Sin'kov M.A., Murashkovski A.L., Pogorelov E.A. et al. Endovaskulyarnoe zakrytie jatrogennogo arteriovenoznogo soust'ja podvzdoshnoj arterii i veny. [Endovascular closure of iatrogenic arteriovenous anastomosis of the iliac artery and vein]. Angiologiya i sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2014; 20 (1): 80-84. [In Russ].

6.     Chernyavskiy A.M., Osiev A.G., Grankin D.S. et al. Endovaskulyarniy metod lecheniya anevrizmy podkluchichnoi arterii s pomoschiu stent-graphta. [Endovascular method of treatment of subclavian artery aneurysm with stent-graft implantation]. Angiologiya i sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2003; 3: 122-123. [In Russ].

7.     Cynamon J., Lautin J.L., Wahl S.I. Covered stents for vascular injuries. Emerg. Radiol. 1999; 6: 244-248.

8.     Nicholson A.A. Vascular radiology in trauma. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2004; 27 (2): 105-120.

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10.   Fox N., Rajani R.R., Bokhari F. et al. Evaluation and management of penetrating lower extremity arterial trauma: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 73 (5, Suppl. 4): S315-S320.

11.   Sofue K., Sugimoto K., Mori T. et al. Endovascular uncovered Wallstent placement for life-threatening isolated iliac vein injury caused by blunt pelvic trauma. Jpn. J. Radiol. 2012; 30 (8): 680-683.

Abstract:

Diseases of the circulatory system in a few decades are one of the major causes of death and disability in the population in many countries around the world. In Russian Federation, a number of newly diagnosed cases of coronary heart disease and mortality of the working population of this pathology is growing. In clinical practice at the present time, various radiological techniques assess the condition of the heart and coronary vessels, determine the location and volume of lesions. In the available literature, however, we found no data on methods of research that would reveal the correlation between the X-ray anatomy of coronary vessels and structural and functional state of the heart muscle. Thus, the need for comprehensive scientific research is obvious. Results of this study will, on the basis of survey data, using the methods of radiation diagnosis, objectively assess the level of metabolic and structural and functional state of the cardiomyocytes in cardiac patients. This will improve the accuracy and informativeness of diagnosis, as well as the increase of the control of effectiveness of therapy and quality of patients' life with cardiac diseases. 

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30.   Nekolla S., Reder S., Saraste A. et al. Evaluation of the Novel Myocardial Perfusion Positron-Emission Tomography Tracer 18F-BMS-747158-02: Comparison to 13N-Ammonia and Validation With Microspheres in a Pig Model. Circulation. 2009; 119(17): 2333-2342. 

31.   Gerber B.L., Ordoubadi F.F., Wijns W. et al. Positron emission tomography using 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose and euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp: optimal criteria for the prediction of recovery of post-ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Results from the European Community concerted action multicenter study on use of 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the detection of myocardial viability. Eur. Heart. J . 2001: 22: 1691-701.

Abstract:

Article presents data of modern literature concerning diagnostic efficiency of computed tomography and CT-angiography in diagnostics of acute disorders of mesenterial blood circulation. Article describes various groups of instrumental diagnostic signs indicating directly or indirectly on acute thrombotic and thromboembolic occlusion of mesenterial.

According to huge ammount of authors, CT-angiography can be considered as the first step in instrumental diagnostics of acute disorder of mesenterial blood circulation, due to demonstrated sensitivity and specificity, comparable in comparison with a standard angiography. 

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Abstract:

Aim: was to investigate the safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization in patients with hypervascular spinal metastases and primary tumors before surgical resection.

Materials and methods: 39 patients with spinal metastases and primary tumors underwent angiography and preoperative transarterial embolization with spherical particles, coils and the liquid cohesive composition before surgical resection. Following parameters were evaluated: types of tumor, gender, time interval between embolization and surgery, the influence of these parameters on intraoperative blood loss, surgical content, safety for the patient.

Results: Intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing embolization was up to 500 ml - 29(74,4%), to 1000 mL - 2(5,1%), to 2000 mL - 3(7,7 %), 2000 mL - 5(12,8%). Average value of blood loss for RCC 546,2 ml, for other metastases - 373,5 mL, for primary tumors - 2488,8 mL. There have been no in-hospital mortality related with the intraoperative blood loss. All patients received standard supportive care, emergency blood transfusion was not performed. 3(7,7%) patients after endovascular interventions had complications in the form of temporary neurological deficit, 15 (38,5%) had postembolization syndrome.

Conclusion: In the embolization group, intraoperative blood loss was correlated with type of tumor and type of surgical resection. Preoperative embolization is safety and effectively to decrease intraoperative blood loss for patients with hypervascular spinal tumors. 

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Abstract:

Aim: was to study possibilities of using thermographic equipment (TE) in coronary surgery (for evaluating coronary arteries' condition, quality of formed anastomosis and revascularization efficiency).

We examined 38 patients who underwent myocardial revascularization in condition of extracorporeal circulation.

Intraoperatively investigated 164 distal anastomosis of autotransplants with coronary artery (CA): 126 of which were vein autotransplant (great saphenous vein (GSV)), 38 - arterial autotransplant (left internal mammary artery (LIMA) - anterior interventricular branch (AIB)).

Absence of rough technical variations has been confirmed in all cases but one, when the leak as a thermal spot of extravasation was found.

In all 38 patients absence of thermal gradients on the surface of various myocardium area after reperfusion of myocardium was noted, which is perhaps (in our opinion) the sign of complete revascularization of myocardium.

Using of the TE was especially effective in detection of coronary arteries in cases when it was impossible by the conventional visual examination and epicardium palpation in patients with postinfarction adhesive process in pericardium (Dressler syndrome) or thick epicardium fat layer. In 2 patients with postinfarction in left ventricular aneurism the TE helped to distinguish viable myocardium from the scar.

Conclusion: the usage of the TE during a surgery is quite effective in examination of coronary arteries condition on a real-time basis, quality of distal anastomosis made, and adequacy of myocardial perfusion after its revascularization. 

References

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21.   Akchurin R.S., Scherbakov M. I., Partigulov S.A. et al.Otsenka adekvatnosti zaschity miokarda pri pomoschi termocoronarografii. [Assessment of adequacy of protection of a myocardium by means of a termokoronaroangiografiya]. 2-y Vserossiyskiy sezd po ekstrakorporalnym tekhnologiyam.[The 2nd All-Russian congress on extracorporal technologies], Kazan, June, 1999 Kazan. 1999; 35-36. [In Russ] 

Abstract:

Aim: was to show literature review and personal data on endovascular anatomy of intracranial lesions in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Material and methods: we present clinical data on endovascular revascularization in patients with ischemic stroke, who were operated in Interregional clinical-diagnostic center for the period 2007-2014.

Results and conclusion: during cerebral angiography, we should estimate arterial, parenchymal and venous phase. Degree of flow recovery after endovascular reperfusion, is estimated on mTICI score. 

References

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5.     Mortimer A.M., Bradley M.D., Renowden S.A. Endovascular therapy in hyperacute ischaemic stroke: history and current status department of neuroradiology. Interventional Neuroradiology. 2013 (19): 506-518.

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8.     Haussen D.C., Dharmadhikari S.S., Snelling B. Posterior communicating and vertebral artery configuration and outcome in endovascular treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion. J. NeuroIntervent. Surg. 2014 (0):1-4.

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10.   Mordasini P., Brekenfeld C., Byrne J.V., et all. Technical feasibility and application of mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire FR revascularization device in acute basilar artery occlusion Am. J. Neuroradiol 2013 (34): 159 -163.

11.   Liebeskind D.S., Cotsonis G.A., Saver J.L., et al. Collateral circulation in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. J. Cereb. Blood. Flow. Metab. 2011 (31): 1293-1301.

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16.   Nogueira R.G., Gupta R., Jovin T.G. ET et al. Predictors and clinical relevance of hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular therapy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 1122 patients J. NeuroIntervent. Surg. 2015 (7): 16-21.

17.   R.G., Liebeskind D.S., Sung G., et all. Predictors of good clinical outcomes, mortality, and successful revascularization in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing thrombectomy: pooled analysis of the mechanical embolus removal in cerebral ischemia (Merci) and multi Merci trials. Stroke. 2009 (40): 3777-3783.

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Abstract:

Aim: was to show the role and possibilities of 128-slice computed tomography (MSCT) iirfhe dynamic observation of patients; after open and endovascular surgery of lower limb's arteries;

Material and methods: 1st group - 36 patients (30,5%) who (underwent endovascular procedures;, 2nd group - 51 patients; (44,2%) who underwent open reconstructive operations;, 3rd group - 31 patients; (26,3%) after hybrid operations;. 108 patients; were examined in post-operative period (7 women, 101 men), average age was 57,28±15,08. All patients underwent MSCT-angiography on the background of the contrast bolus;. 55 patients; had standard procedure, other patients; underwent examination with low-close protocol.

Results: obtained images of low-close protocol had satisfactory condition of information: arterial walls were visualized well, inner lumen and para-prosthesis space, atherosclerotic lesions were also visualized. Obtained results of MSCT-angiography during low-dose protocol were confirmed ntraoperatively Obtained data of MSCT-angiography: all patients; of 1st group had passable stents; but 2 patients; who had hernodynarnically non-significant stenosis. In 2nd group 5 patents; had restenosis of prosthesis and grafts;, 20 patients; had thrombosis. In 3rd group, 2 patients; had restenosis of prosthesism femoral-popliteal segment, 13 patient had thrombosis of prosthesis/grafts, 6 patients; had restenosis of stents;, 1 patient had stent thrombosis in femoral-popliteal segment, n case of hernodynarnically significant stenosis (50%) of the stent or prosthesis in the absence of clinical manifestations; we made correction of drug therapy. If the patent had a detected boundary stenosis (50-74%) with the absence of complaints;, the patient had correction of drug therapy, with the appointment of a dynamic MSCT-angiography in 3-6 months. Patents; with occlusion of the prosthesis, or a stent with a satisfactory distal vessels clue to good collaterals; we performed thrombectomy or repeated prosthetics. Patients who according to the MDCT-angiography, had identified thrombosis of prosthesis/grafts with poor distal vessels, absence of good collaterals; and the presence of clinical manifestations; of critical ischemia - amputation of the affected limb.

Conclusion: MSCT-angiography is a highly informative method of nornnvasive imaging of patency of stent, prosthesis/graft of mam arteries; of lower limbs;. Our study showed that using of a low-close protocol is; possible for the dynamic monitoring of patents; for the detection of postoperative complications;, early diagnosis and prevention of restenosis and thrombosis of prosthesis/grafts and stents Timely diagnosis of stenosis of stents; or grafts/prostheses of mam arteries; of lower limbs can determine tactics; and stages; of surgery (endovascular treatment, and re-open reconstructive vascular surgery, thrombectomy), not leading to the patient’s; disability. 

References

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4.     Kokov L.S. Luchevaja diagnostika bolezni serdca i sosudov: nacional'noe rukovodstvo. [Radiodiagnostics of heart and vessels pathology. National guide-book] M.: GJeOTAR- Media. 2011; 688 [In Russ].

5.     Bokerija, L.A., AlekjanB.G. Rukovodstvo rentgenjendovaskuljarnoj hirurgii serdca i sosudov 3t [Guide-book of endovascular surgery of heart and vessels. Volume 3]. M: NCSSH im. A.N. Bakuleva RAMN. M. 2013; 598 [In Russ].

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8.     Mamet'eva I.A., Miheev N.N. Diagnosticheskajaj effektivnost' mul'tisrezovoj komp'juternoj tomografii-angiografii v dinamicheskom nabljudenii pacientov posle rekonstruktivnyh vmeshatel'stv na magistral'nyh arterijah nizhnih konechnostej [Diagnostic efficacy of multislice computed tomographic angiography in dynamic post-operative supervision after reconstrictive procedures on main arteries of lower limbs]. Medicinskij vestnik MVD. M. 2015; 78 (5): 42-47[ In Russ].

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