Abstract: Aim: was to study the mutual influence of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and acute coronary syndrome and to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous coronary interventions in these conditions. Material and methods: for the period from March 21, 2020 to October 31, 2021, 5093 patients were treated for COVID-19. Including 208 patients with acute coronary syndrome with concurrent COVID-19 disease. All patients underwent following diagnostic procedures: computed tomography of the chest, electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiography and, if necessary, percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: we present data on the distribution of patients with COVID-19 according to the presence or absence of ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram and the degree of lung tissue damage, as well as information on the nature of coronary interventions and mortality in these groups. A high frequency of massive thrombosis of infarct-related coronary arteries was demonstrated in the group of patients with STEMI. Possible mechanisms of left ventricular dysfunction that persist after percutaneous coronary intervention are described. A positive effect of endovascular myocardial revascularization on the degree of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 was shown. Conclusions: development of acute coronary syndrome with concurrent coronavirus infection significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease. Despite of the success of endovascular treatment, worsening COVID-19 infection can be accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the condition of patients, leading to death.
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Abstract: Introduction: percutaneous coronary intervention plays an important role in treatment of acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. However, the benefit of performing delayed PCI is controversial (>12h after onset of symptoms typical for STEMI). Aim: was to compare results of PCI and medical therapy (MT) in patients, who had been admitted to the hospital with verified STEMI, diagnosed 12 hours after the onset of symptoms, and to estimate their effect on clinical outcomes. Material and methods: data of 100 patients was analyzed, PCI was performed in 62 patients and 38 patients underwent medical therapy. The task was to compare clinical outcomes, which included mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: all-cause mortality in groups of delayed PCI and MT was 4 (6,45%) and 9 (23,6%) respectively (p <0,05). It was also recorded that minor cases of cardiac death occurred in the group of delayed PCI in comparison with the MT group, 1 (1,6%) and 6 (15,7%) respectively (p <0,05). Conclusion: delayed PCI (12 hours after the onset of the myocardial infarction in STEMI patients) leads to improvement in all-cause mortality and cardiac death rates compared with conservative treatment.
Abstract: Article presents a retrospective analysis of using the modified way experience in removing the occlusive substrate from cerebral vessels in the ischemic stroke acute phase after failed standard thrombectomy. Aim: to study the efficacy and advantages of thrombectomy technique from intracranial arteries in patients with acute ischemic stroke combining a stent-retriever with reperfusion catheter in comparison with the standard stent retriever thromboextraction. Methods: we analyzed 54 hospital charts of patients who had underwent endovascular recanalization of intracranial large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into two equal groups, depending on thrombus removal method. Standard stent-retriever thrombectomy with a balloon guide-catheter was performed as the first stage in both groups. In 27 cases (1st group), after standard stent-retriever technique failed, we carried out combination of retriever extraction with distal aspiration and a guiding balloon-catheter. If we couldn’t safely insert stent-retriever into catheter of distal approach (during thrombectomy), we switched to vacuum aspiration from guiding balloon-catheter (vacuum-blocked) and removed stent-retriever, microcatheter and distal approach catheter simultaneously without reducing tension. In 27 patients (2nd group) after standard thrombectomy failed we repeated this technique several times. Results: embolic complications relative risk was 2,249, 95% CI (1,126 - 4,492) and reperfusion mTICI 3 100% versus 74,07% rate was higher in the first group, in comparison with the second group. Other complications and hospital outcomes of disease did not differ between groups. Conclusion: a stent retriever combined with distal aspiration and a simultaneous transition to vacuum-blocked extraction using after an unsuccessful standard thrombectomy increases the efficiency of complete reperfusion by 25%. Its use is 1,8 times safer than standard thrombectomy in terms of embolic complications.
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Article exists only in Russian.
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Abstract: Introduction: basilar artery thrombosis (BAT) is the cause of about 1% of ischemic strokes (IS). About 27% of strokes in posterior circulation are associated with BAT. Mortality in BAT without recanalization reaches 85-95%. In 80.7% of patients with BAT at the onset of disease a decrease in level of consciousness is observed, in 34% of them – coma. Aim: was to show the possibility of performing thrombectomy (TE) in patients with BAT and reduced level of consciousness as the only effective way to prevent death in this pathology. Materials and methods: two case reports of successful TE from basilar artery in patients with IS and decrease in level of wakefulness to coma, are presented. Results: article describes two successful cases of TE in patients with angiographically confirmed BAT and decrease in the level of consciousness to moderate coma at the onset of disease. In two presented patients, TE made a complete restoration of BA blood flow. Good clinical outcomes were noted in both patients by 90th day of disease (modified Rankin scale 0-2 points). The Rivermead mobility index at discharge from hospital was 14 points, and the Bartel index by 90th day – complete independence from others in everyday life (from 90 to 100 points), and that once again indicates that TE in BAT is not only a life-saving procedure, but significantly improves functional and clinical outcomes of disease. Conclusions: basilar artery thrombosis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent reperfusion therapy as the only effective method of treatment. Endovascular treatment for basilar artery thrombosis should be considered in all patients, regardless the decrease in the level of consciousness at the onset of disease, because thrombectomy is a life-saving procedure. References 1. Reinemeyer NE, Tadi P, Lui F. Basilar Artery Thrombosis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; January 31, 2021. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532241/ 2. Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, et al. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(9): 790-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30233-3 3. Ikram A, Zafar A. Basilar Artery Infarct. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 10, 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551854/ 4. Gory B, Mazighi M, Labreuche J, et al. Predictors for Mortality after Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018; 45(1-2): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486690 5. Writing Group for the BASILAR Group, Zi W, Qiu Z, et al. Assessment of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion via a Nationwide Prospective Registry. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(5): 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0156 6. Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15(11): 1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 7. Liu Z, Liebeskind DS. Basilar Artery Occlusion and Emerging Treatments. Semin Neurol. 2021; 41(1): 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722638 8. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50(12): 344-418. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211 9. Baik SH, Park HJ, Kim JH, et al. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Subtypes of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Relationship to Recanalization Rate and Clinical Outcome. Radiology. 2019; 291(3): 730-737. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019181924 10. Weber R, Minnerup J, Nordmeyer H, et al. Thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke: differences in procedures and outcome compared to anterior circulation stroke in the prospective multicentre REVASK registry. Eur J Neurol. 2019; 26(2): 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13809 11. Kang DH, Jung C, Yoon W, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7(14): 009419. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009419 12. Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19(2): 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30395-3 13. Potter JK, Clemente JD, Asimos AW. Hyperdense basilar artery identified on unenhanced head CT in three cases of pediatric basilar artery occlusion. Am J Emerg Med. 2021; 42: 221-224.
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Abstract: Introduction: up to the present day, there were no published multicenter randomized researches, that could compare combined concept of thrombectomy, including different methods of stent-retrievers traction with elements of aspiration and thrombolysis. There is no data on the effect of embolic complications after extraction of thrombus from cerebral arteries on outcomes of treatment. Aim: was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with ischemic stroke basing on a comparison of results of various methods of endovascular thrombectomy from cerebral vessels and intravenous thrombolysis, and on the base of assessment of effect of distal embolism on treatment outcomes in acute period of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: we carried out statistical analysis of results of different methods of thrombectomy in 75 patients and intravenous thrombolysis in 75 patients in acute phase of ischemic stroke. Effect of embolic complications after thrombectomy on outcomes of treatment of ischemic stroke was determined. Results: groups of patients were comparable in age, neurological deficit, sex, localization and stroke subtype. The first group is burdened by the proportion of documented cerebral artery occlusion, diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke in anamnesis. Differences in deaths and disability rates were not reliable. Thrombectomy demonstrated neurological deficit regression at all evaluation intervals, as well as the superiority of 2 times at achievement of functionally independent outcome in comparison with intravenous thrombolysis group. Conclusions: a concept to thrombectomy, that supposes different methods of use of stent-retrievers and aspiration demonstrates better functional outcomes in treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase compared with intravenous thrombolysis. Embolic complications of reperfusion treatment adversely affect ischemic stroke outcomes and should be considered as a factor requiring minimization. References 1. Domashenko MA, Maksimova MY, Gafarova ME et al. The personification of reperfusion therapy approaches for ischemic stroke. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2017;11(1):7-13 [In Russ]. 2. Powers W, Rabinstein A, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018; 49(3):e46-e99. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000158 3. Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI et al.; IST-3 collaborative group. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2012;379(9834):2352-2363. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60768-5 4. Riedel C, Zimmermann P, Jensen-Kondering U et al. The Importance of Size: successful recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior stroke depends on thrombus length. Stroke. 2011;42(6):1775-1777. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.609693 5. Kharitonova T, Ahmed N, Thoren M et al. Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign on Admission CT Scan – Prognostic Significance for Ischaemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2008;27(1): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1159/000172634 6. Thomalla G, Kruetzelmann A, Siemonsen S et al. Clinical and Tissue Response to Intravenous Thrombolysis in Tandem Internal Carotid Artery/Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Stroke. 2008;39(5):1616-1618. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.504951 7. Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) – European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) guidelines on mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2019;11(6):535-538. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014568 8. Fransen P, Berkhemer O, Lingsma H et al. Time to Reperfusion and Treatment Effect for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology. 2016;73(2):190-196. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3886 9. Goyal M, Demchuk A, Menon B et al. Randomized Assessment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11): 1019-1030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 10. Campbell B, Mitchell P, Kleinig T et al. Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11): 1009-1018. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414792 11. Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas J et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(11):1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 12. Jovin T, Chamorro A, Cobo E et al. Thrombectomy within 8 Hours after Symptom Onset in Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(24):2296-2306. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503780 13. Muir K, Ford G, Messow C et al. Endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: the Pragmatic Ischaemic Stroke Thrombectomy Evaluation (PISTE) randomised, controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2016;88(1):38-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-314117 14. Saver J, Goyal M, Bonafe A et al. Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(24):2285-2295. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1415061 15. McCarthy D, Diaz A, Sheinberg D et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. The Scientific World Journal. 2019; 2019:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7403104 16. Logvinenko RL, Domashenko MA, Frantsevich AM et al. Choice of reperfusion strategy in acute period of ischemic stroke. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2018;12(2):77-84 [In Russ]. 17. Semitko SP, Analeev AI, Azarov AV et al. Results of primary endovascular treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke and high risk or contraindication for thrombolytic therapy. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2018;12(4):52-58. [In Russ] 18. Kang D, Kim B, Heo J et al. Effect of balloon guide catheter utilization on contact aspiration thrombectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018;1-7. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.JNS181045 19. Maegerlein C, Monch S, Boeckh-Behrens T et al. PROTECT: PRoximal balloon Occlusion TogEther with direCt Thrombus aspiration during stent retriever thrombectomy – evaluation of a double embolic protection approach in endovascular stroke treatment. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2017;10(8):751-755. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013558 20. Goto S, Ohshima T, Ishikawa K et al. A Stent-Retrieving into an Aspiration Catheter with Proximal Balloon (ASAP) Technique: A Technique of Mechanical Thrombectomy. World Neurosurgery. 2018;109:e468-e475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.004 21. Lee D, Sung J, Kim S et al. Effective use of balloon guide catheters in reducing incidence of mechanical thrombectomy related distal embolization. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2017;159(9):1671-1677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3256-3 22. Stampfl S, Pfaff J, Herweh C et al. Combined proximal balloon occlusion and distal aspiration: a new approach to prevent distal embolization during neurothrombectomy. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2016;9(4):346-351. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012208 23. Maus V, Behme D, Kabbasch C et al. Maximizing First-Pass Complete Reperfusion with SAVE. Clinical Neu-roradiology. 2017;28(3):327-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-017-0566-z 24. Jadhav A, Aghaebrahim A, Horev A et al. Stent Retriever-Mediated Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Interventional Neurology. 2016;6(1-2):16-24. https://doi.org/10.1159/000449321 25. Patent RUS №2670193/ 18.10.18. Byul. №29. Logvinenko RL, Arablinskiy AV, Domashenko MA et al. The method of endovascular combined thrombectomy from cerebral arteries. [In Russ.] Available at (23.09.2019): 26. Hwang Y, Kang D, Kim Y, Kim Y, Park S, Suh C. Outcome of forced-suction thrombectomy in acute intracranial internal carotid occlusion. J Neurointervent Surg. 2012;5(suppl 1):i81-i84. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010277 27. Turk A, Spiotta A, Frei D, Mocco J, Baxter B, Siddiqui A et al. O-002 Initial Clinical Experience with the ADAPT technique: A Direct Aspiration first Pass Technique for Stroke Thrombectomy. J Neurointervent Surg. 2013;5(Suppl 2):A1.2-A1. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.2 28. Volodukhin M.U. Roentengen-endovascular method of cerebral flow restoration in acute tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery with embolism development in middle cerebral artery. Kazan medical journal. 2016;97(3): 457-460 [In Russ]. https://doi.org/10.17750/KMJ2016-457 29. Geroulakos G, Ramaswami G, Nicolaides A et al. Characterization of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques using high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. British Journal of Surgery. 1993;80(10): 1274-1277. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800801016 30. Adams H, Bendixen B, Kappelle L et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993;24(1):35-41. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 31. Logvinenko RL, Kokov LS, Shabunin AV, Arablinskiy AlV, Tsurkan VA. Analysis of a modified method for combined removal of throbus from blood vessels of the brain in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. REJR. 2020; 10 (1):159-177 [In Russ]. https://doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2020-10-1-159-177 32. Chen C, Parsons M, Levi C, Spratt N, Miteff F, Lin L et al. Exploring the relationship between ischemic core volume and clinical outcomes after thrombectomy or thrombolysis. Neurology. 2019;93(3):e283-e292. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007768 33. Southerland A, Johnston K. Considering hyperglycemia and thrombolysis in the Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) trial. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2012;1268(1):72-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06731.x 34. Lansberg M, Thijs V, Bammer R, Kemp S, Wijman C, Marks M et al. 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Abstract Article provides a literature review on problems of diagnosing of intracranial aneurysms (IA) rupture and its complications. Aim: was to study relevant data on the use of computed tomography (CT), as well as other imaging methods, in patients with ruptured aneurysms in the acute period. Materials and methods: a search was conducted for publications on this topic, dating up to December 2019, using main Internet resources: PubMed databases, scientific electronic library (Elibrary), Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar. Results: we analyzed 45 literature sources, covering the period from 1993 to 2019, which include 3 meta-analyzes, 5 descriptions of studies evaluating the effectiveness of various visualization methods for ruptured IA. Both foreign and Russian publications were involved. Conclusion: native CT is the leading visualization method to detect hemorrhages in nearest hours after the rupture of IA. CT angiography in combination with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), according to the vast majority of authors, allows to make thorough preoperative planning in the shortest time, as well as to identify unruptured aneurysms. Based on the obtained data, it is advisable to conduct a study to assess the role of CT in the acute period of IA rupture, as well as in the diagnosis of complications in the early postoperative period. References 1. Kornienko VN, Pronin IN. Diagnostic Neuroradiology. vol. 1. M.: Medlit, 2008; 339-382 [In Russ]. 2. Hughes JD, Bond KM, Mekary RA, et al. Estimating the global incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review for central nervous system vascular lesions and meta-analysis of ruptured aneurysms. World Neurosurg. 2018; 115: 430-447. 3. Krylov VV, Dash'yan VG, Shetova IM, et al. Neurosurgical care in patients with vascular diseases of the brain in the Russian Federation. Nejrohirurgiya. 2017; 4: 11-20 [In Russ]. 4. Passier PE, Visser-Meily JM, Rinkel GJ, et al. Life satisfaction and return to work after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2011; 20(4): 324-329. 5. Lovelock CE, Rinkel GJE, Rothwell PM. Time trends in outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage: populationbased study and systematic review. Neurology. 2010; 74(19): 1494-1501. 6. Krylov VV, Prirodov AV Risk factors for surgical treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms in acute hemorrhage. Nejrohirurgiya. 2011; 1: 31-41 [In Russ]. 7. Korja M, Kivisaari R, Rezai Jahromi B, Lehto H. Natural history of ruptured but untreated intracranial aneurysms. Stroke. 2017; 48(4): 1081-1084. 8. Krivoshapkin AL, Byval'cev VA, Sorokovikov VA. Natural course and risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Klinicheskaya nevrologiya. 2010; 1: 32-35 [In Russ]. 9. Lasheras JC. The biomechanics of arterial aneurysms. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2007; 39: 293-319. 10. Etminan N, Buchholz BA, Dreier R, et al. Cerebral aneurysms: formation, progression, and developmental chronology. Transl Stroke Res. 2014; 5(2): 167-173. 11. Nasr DM, Fugate J, Brown RD. The Genetics of Cerebral Aneurysms and Other Vascular Malformations. In: Sharma P, Meschia J (ed.) Stroke Genetics. Springer, Cham. 2017; 53-78. 12. Broderick JP, Brown Jr RD, Sauerbeck L, et al. Greater rupture risk for familial as compared to sporadic unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Stroke. 2009;40(6): 1952-1957. 13. Thompson BG, Brown Jr RD, Amin-Hanjani S, et al. Guidelines for the management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015;46(8): 2368-2400. 14. Krylov VV, Dash'yan VG, Shatohin TA, et al. Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in Russian Federation. Zhurnal Voprosy nejrohirurgii imeni NN Burdenko. 2018; 82(6): 5-14 [In Russ]. 15. Ishmuhametov AI, Abakumov MM, Sharifullin DA, Mufazalov FF. X-ray computed tomography for trauma and acute disease. Ufa: OOO MDM-ARK, 2001; 111-119 [In Russ]. 16. Ujiie H, Tamano Y, Sasaki K, et al. Is the aspect ratio a reliable index for predicting the rupture of a saccular aneurysm? Neurosurgery. 2001; 48(3): 495-502. 17. Cebral JR, Castro MA, Burgess JE, et al. Characterization of cerebral aneurysms for assessing risk of rupture by using patient-specific computational hemodynamics models. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005; 26(10): 2550-2559. 18. Yang ZL, Ni QQ, Schoepf UJ, et al. Small intracranial aneurysms: diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography. Radiology. 2017; 285(3): 941-952. 19. Kleinloog R, De Mul N, Verweij BH, et al. Risk factors for intracranial aneurysm rupture: a systematic review. Neurosurg. 2018; 82(4): 431-440. 20. Marcolini E, Hine J. Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. West J Emerg Med. 2019; 20(2): 203-211. 21. Troshin VD, Pogodina TG. Emergency Neurology: a guide. M.: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo, 2016; 322-325 [In Russ]. 22. Danilov VI. Intracranial non-traumatic hemorrhage: diagnosis and indications for surgical treatment. Nevrologicheskij vestnik. 2005; 37(1-2): 77-84 [In Russ]. 23. Krylov VV, Prirodov AV, Kuznecova TK. Surgical methods for the prevention and treatment of vascular spasm in patients after rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Nejrohirurgiya. 2014; (1): 104-115 [In Russ]. 24. Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery. 1980; 6(1): 1-9. 25. Johnston SC, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, et al. Predictors of rehemorrhage after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the Cerebral Aneurysm Rerupture After Treatment (CARAT) study. Stroke. 2008; 39(1): 120-125. 26. Krylov VV, Dash'yan VG, Grigor'ev IV, et al. Results of surgical treatment of patients with ruptured aneurysms of pericallous artery. Nejrohirurgiya. 2018; 2:17-26 [In Russ]. 27. Konovalov AN, Krylov VV, Filatov YuM, et al. Recommendatory management protocol for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Voprosy nejrohirurgii im. NN Burdenko. 2006; (3): 3-10 [In Russ]. 28. Lebedev VV, Ishmuhametov AI, Krylov VV, et al. The role of computed tomography of the brain in the acute rupture of arterial aneurysms. Med. radiologiya. 1993; 5: 9-12 [In Russ]. 29. Dubosh NM, Bellolio MF, Rabinstein AA Edlow JA. Sensitivity of early brain computed tomography to exclude aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2016; 47(3): 750-755. 30. Kidwell CS, Wintermark M. Imaging of intracranial haemorrhage. Lancet Neurol. 2008; 7(3): 256-267. 31. Verma RK, Kottke R, Andereggen L, et al. Detecting subarachnoid hemorrhage: comparison of combined FLAIR/SWI versus CT. Eur J Radiol. 2013; 82(9): 1539-1545. 32. Martin SC, Teo MK, Young AM, et al. Defending a traditional practice in the modern era: the use of lumbar puncture in the investigation of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg. 2015; 29(6): 799-803. 33. Meurer WJ, Walsh B, Vilke GM, Coyne CJ. Clinical guidelines for the emergency department evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Emerg Med. 2016; 50(4): 696-701. 34. Epanova AA. Clinic and comparative evaluation of various methods of radiation diagnostics in the detection of cerebral aneurysms. Sibirskij medicinskij zhurnal (Tomsk). 2007; 22(S2):103-107 [In Russ]. 35. Menke J, Larsen J, Kallenberg K. Diagnosing cerebral aneurysms by computed tomographic angiography: meta-analysis. Ann Neurol. 2011; 69(4): 646-654. 36. Agid R, Lee SK, Willinsky RA, et al. Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: using 64-slice multidetector CT angiography to «triage» patients’ treatment. Neuroradiology. 2006; 48(11):787-794. 37. McCormack RF, Hutson A. Can computed tomography angiography of the brain replace lumbar puncture in the evaluation of acute-onset headache after a negative noncontrast cranial computed tomography scan? Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(4):444-451. 38. Epanova AA. Complex radiation diagnostics of aneurysms and vascular malformations of the brain: Cand. med. sci. diss. Moscow, 2010; 124 [In Russ]. 39. Grigor'eva EV, Polunina NA, Luk'yanchikov VA, et al. Features of CT angiography and the construction of 2D and 3D reconstructions of preoperative planning in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Nejrohirurgiya. 2017; (3): 88-95 [In Russ]. 40. Klimov AB, Ryabuhin VE, Kokov LS, Matveev PD. The use of stent-grafts in treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya. 2016; 10(3): 51-56 [In Russ]. 41. Krylov VV, Grigor'eva EV, Hamidova LT, et al. Comparative analysis of computed tomography and intracranial Doppler ultrasonography data in patients with cerebral angiospasm. Nevrologicheskij zhurnal. 2016; 21(6):344-352 [In Russ]. 42. Saribekyan AS, Balickaya NV, Rumyancev YuI, et al. The significance of the study of cerebral blood flow by CT perfusion in assessing the risk of developing cerebral ischemia in patients with ruptured intracranial arterial aneurysms. Voprosy nejrohirurgii im. NN Burdenko. 2019; 83(3): 17-28 [In Russ]. 43. Greenberg ED, Gobin YP, Riina H, et al. Role of CT perfusion imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of vasospasm. Imaging Med. 2011; 3(3): 287-297. 44. Krylov VV, Dash'yan VG, Shatohin TA, et al. Choice of terms for open surgical treatment of patients with rupture of cerebral aneurysms complicated by massive basal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher 3). Nejrohirurgiya. 2015; 3: 11-17 [In Russ]. 45. Kokov LS. Diagnostic and interventional radiology: today and tomorrow. Zhurnal im. NV Sklifosovskogo Neotlozhnaya medicinskaya pomoshch'. 2019; 8(2): 120-123 [In Russ].
Abstract Aim: was to estimate condition of aorta branches in case of aortic dissection, using multislice computed tomography (MSCT): we estimated frequency and type of changes of main branches of the aorta involved in the dissection. Material and methods: a retrospective analysis of 104 patients with aortic dissection (AD) was performed. All patients were admitted to Scientific-Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V Sklifosovsky All studies were carried out on a multispiral (80x0.5) tomograph in early stages of the disease. Results: MSCT method allowed to obtain data of the high frequency of transition of aortic dissection to main branches (63.5%), mainly to iliac arteries (81% and 77% of aortic dissection type A and B respectively), both in isolation and in combination with other branches. However, the frequency of occurrence of hemodynamically significant stenosis, both static and dynamic, was significantly higher in groups of visceral branches and brachiocephalic arteries (82% and 71%, respectively). Conclusion: the CT method allows to evaluate in detail the lumen of the aorta and branches of aorta, and to determine type and degree of stenosis of aortic branches involved in the dissection. Revealed patterns of combining of involvement in different groups of aortic branches in the pathological process, allow to procced more optimized diagnostic search for complications of dissection, including MSCT. References 1. Hirst Ae Jr, Johns Vj Jr, Kime Sw Jr. Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: A Review of 505 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1958;37(3):217-279. PMID: 13577293 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792- 195809000-00003 2. Litmanovich D, Bankier AA, Cantin L, Raptopoulos V. Boiselle PM. CT and MRI in Diseases of the Aorta. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(4):928-940. PMID:19770313 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.08.2166 3. Wheat MW Jr. Acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta: diagnosis and treatment-1979. Am Heart. 1980; 99(3):373-387. PMID:7355699 https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0002-8703(80)90353-1 4. Borst HG, Heinemann MK, Stone CD. Surgical treatment of aortic dissection. Churchill Livingstone International; 1996. 5. Ternovor SK, Sinitsyn VE. Spiral and electron beam angiography. Moscow: Vidar; 1998. [In Russ]. 6. Gamzaev AB ogly, Pichugin VV, Dobrotin SS. Diagnosis, surgical treatment tactics and methods for ensuring operations for aortic dissection. In: Medvedev AP, Pichugin VV. Emergency heart surgery: current and unresolved issues. Nizhny Novgorod; 2015.p.237-281. [In Russ]. 7. Belov YuV, Komarov RN, Stepanenko AB, Gens AP Savichev DD. Common sense in determining indications for surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2010;(6):16-20. [In Russ]. 8. Braverman AC. Acute Aortic Dissection. Clinician Update. Circulation. 2010; 122(2): 184-188. PMID: 20625143https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.110.958975 9. Barmina TG, Zabavskaya OA, Sharifullin FA, Abakumov MM. Possibilities of spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of damage to the thoracic aorta. Medical Visualization; 2010;(6):84-88. [In Russ]. 10. Strayer RJ, Shearer PL, Hermann LK. Evaluation, and early management of acute aortic dissection in the ED. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2012;8(2): 152-157. PMID:22708909 https://doi.org/10.2174/157340312801784970 11. Vu KN, Kaitoukov Y Morin-Roy F, Kauffmann C, Giroux MF, Therasse E, et al. Rupture signs on computed tomography, treatment, and outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(3):281-293. PM ID: 24789068 https://d0i.0rg/10.1007/s13244-014-0327-3 12. Chiu KW, Lakshminarayan R, Ettles DF. Acute aortic syndrome: CT findings. Clin Radiol.2013;68(7):741-748. PMID:23582433 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2013.03. 001 13. Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, Bossone E, Bartolomeo R, Eggebrecht H, et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases. Europ Heart J. 2014 35(Is 41 ):2873-2926. PMID:25173340 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281 14. Lansman SL, Saunders PC, Malekan R, Spielvogel D. Acute aortic syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010; 140 (6Suppl): S92-97. PMID:21092805 https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.jtcvs.2010.07.062 15. Bonaca MP, O'Gara PT. Diagnosis and management of acute aortic syndromes: dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014;16(10):536. PMID:25156302 https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11886-014-0536-x 16. Tsai TT, Nienaber C, Eagle KA. Acute Aortic Syndromes. Circulation. 2005; 112(24): 3802-3813. PMID: 16344407 https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.534198 17. Strayer RJ, Shearer PL, Hermann LK. Screening. evaluation, and early management of acute aortic dissection in the ED. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2012;8(2): 152-157. PMID: 22708909 https://doi.org/10.2174/ 157340312801784970 18. Husainy MA, Sayyed F, Puppala S. Acute aortic syndromepitfalls on gated and nongated CT scan. Emerg Radiol. 2016;23(4):397-403. PMID:27220654 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-016-1409-y 19. Olsson C, Hillebrant CG, Liska J, Lockowandt U, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A. Mortality in acute type A aortic dissection: validation of the Penn classification. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 ;92(4):1376-1382. PMID:21855849 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.011 20. Kruger T, Conzelmann LO, Bonser RS, Borger MA, Czerny M, Wildhirt S, et al. Acute aortic dissection type A. Br J Surg. 2012;99( 10): 1331-1344. PMID:22961510 https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.8840 21. Toda R, Moriyama Y Masuda H, Iguro Y Yamaoka A, Taira A. Organ malperfusion in acute aortic dissection. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;48(9):545-550.PMID: 11030124 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03218198 22. Hallinan J, Anil G. Multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of acute aortic syndromes. World J Radiol. 2014;6(6):355-365. PMID: 24976936 https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.355 23. Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases. Kardiol Pol. 2014;72(12):1169-252. PMID:25524604 https://doi.org/10.5603/kp.2014.0225 24. Rubin GD. Helical CT angiography of the thoracic aorta. J Thorac Imaging. 1997;12(2): 128-149. PMID:9179826 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005382- 199704000-00011
Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the choice of strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute period, based on literature review. Aim: was to develop the concept of effective thromboextraction (TE), based on the evaluation of factors influencing results of reperfusion treatment of ischemic stroke (IS), methods of endovascular restoration of cerebral blood flow Materials and methods: meta-analysis of 44 sources of domestic and foreign literature is performed. The analysis of factors limiting the effectiveness of various reperfusion approaches and the analysis of modern methods of thrombectomy are performed. Results: it is established, that SMAT (Solumbra) and PROTECT techniques have an advantage in comparison with aspiration approaches to thrombectomy in reducing the period to full reperfusion; methods with temporary occlusion of the source vessel (BGC) SAVE and PROTECT significantly reduce the risk of stroke spread to new vascular areas of the brain and increase the frequency of successful recanalization. Conclusion: at present time, the PROTECT is the most effective technique in the frequency of successful recanalization, the degree and speed of achieved reperfusion, as well as in the prevention of distal embolization. Extrapolation of experience and principles from other sections of interventional radiology, development of new methods and strategies of brain reperfusion, depending on the morphology of thromboembolism, its size, localization and extent may contribute to improving results of endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. References 1. 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Lancet. - 2014; 384(9958): 1929-1935. 7. Fransen P.S., Berkhemer O.A., Lingsma H.F. et al. Time to Reperfusion and Treatment Effect for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Feb; 73(2): 190-196. 8. Seet R.C., Rabinstein A.A. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: a critical review of case definitions. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012; 34: 106-114. 9. Yaghi S., Eisenberger A., Willey J.Z. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke after thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: a review of natural history and treatment. JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71(9): 1181-1185. 10. Yaghi S., Boehme A.K., Dibu J. et al. Treatment and Outcome of Thrombolysis-Related Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. JAMA Neurol. 2015; 72(12): 1451-1457. 11. Hacke W., Kaste M., Bluhmki E. et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. 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Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute carotid territory stroke. Neurology, 1992; 42: 976-982. 18. Shamalov N.A. Optimizatsiya reperfusionnoj terapii u patsientov s ishemicheskim insultom. Diss. dokt. med. nauk [Optimization of reperfusion therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. Dr. med. sci. diss.]. Moscow. 2012: 47 [In Russ]. 19. Lansberg M.G. et al. Risk factors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA therapy for acute stroke. Stroke. - 2007; 38: 2275-2278. 20. Bracard S., Ducrocq X., Mas J.L., et. al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016; Oct; 15(11): 1138-1147. 21. Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T. et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018 Mar; 49(3): 46 - 99. 22. Eva A. Mistry, Akshitkumar M. Mistry, Mohammad Obadah Nakawah, Mechanical Thrombectomy Outcomes with and without Intravenous Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients. Stroke. 2017 Sept; 48(9): 2450-2456. 23. Kaesmacher J., Boeckh-Behrens T., Simon S. et al. Risk of Thrombus Fragmentation during Endovascular Stroke Treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 May; 38(5): 991-998. 24. Nikoubashman O., Reich A., Pjontek R. et al. Postinterventional subarachnoid haemorrhage after endovascular stroke treatment with stent retrievers. Neuroradiology. 2014 Dec; 56(12): 1087-1096. 25. Kang D.H., Park J. Endovascular Stroke Therapy Focused on Stent Retriever Thrombectomy and Direct Clot Aspiration: Historical Review and Modern Application J Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 May; 60(3): 335-347. 26. Kang D.H., Hwang YH., Kim YS. et al. Direct thrombus retrieval using the reperfusion catheter of the penumbra system: forced-suction thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Feb; 32(2): 283 - 287. 27. Hwang YH., Kang D.H., Kim YW. et al. Outcome of forced-suction thrombectomy in acute intracranial internal carotid occlusion. J Neurointervent Surg. 2013; 5 (Suppl 1): 81-84. 28. Turk AS, Spiotta A, Frei D, et al. Initial clinical experience with the ADAPT technique: a direct aspiration first pass technique for stroke thrombectomy. J Neurointervent Surg. 2014 Apr; 6(3): 231-237. 29. Lee D.H., Sung J.H., Kim S.U. et al. Effective use of balloon guide catheters in reducing incidence of mechanical thrombectomy related distal embolization. Acta Neurochirurgica 2017 Sept; 159(9): 1671-1677. 30. Kang D.H., Kim YW., Hwang YH. et al. Switching strategy for mechanical thrombectomy of acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Stroke. 2013; Dec; 44(12): 3577-3579. 31. Deshaies EM. Tri-axial system using the Solitaire-FR and Penumbra Aspiration Microcatheter for acute mechanical thrombectomy. 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Rentgenendovaskulyarnyj metod vosstanovleniya cerebral'nogo krovotoka pri ostroy tandemnoj okklyuzii vnutrennej sonnoj arterii s razvitiem embolii v srednyuyu mozgovuyu arteriyu. [Endovascular method of cerebral blood flow restoration in acute tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery with embolism development in the middle cerebral artery.] Kazanskij meditsinskijzhurnal. 2016; 97(3): 457-460. 41. Noser EA, Shaltoni HM, Hall CE, et al. Aggressive mechanical clot disruption: a safe adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke? Stroke 2005; 36: 292-296. 42. Nakano S., Iseda T., Yoneyama T. et al. Direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for acute middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion: an alternative option to intra-arterial thrombolysis. Stroke 2002; 33: 2872-2876. 43. Qureshi AI, Siddiqui AM, Suri MF. et al. Aggressive mechanical clot disruption and low-dose intra-arterial third-generation thrombolytic agent for ischemic stroke: a prospective study. 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Abstract: Aim: was to evaluate the importance of pre-procedural cephalic vein (CV) angiography for pacemaker (PM) implantation better results. Methods: 94 patients (pts) (55 women) aged 23-93 years old were included into the study Pts were randomized into two groups (1:1). Group I (n=47; 24 females): angiography of CV was made before PM implantation. In Group II PM implantation was performed without previously angiography Endpoints: time of procedure, efficacy doses Results: fluoroscopy time and length of procedure in group I were less than in group II (p=0.0002 and p<0.0001 respectively). Four types of CV anatomy were found. Thus, I type of CV anatomy was most favorable for procedure due to angle between v.cephalica and subclavian vein less then 900. Conclusion: the acute angle of cephalic-axillary confluence is the most common type of CV anatomy and is associated with most success of procedure. Implantation of PM taking into consideration variants of anatomical structure of v cephalica in the subclavian area can reduce the radiation dose, possibility of complications, as well as reduce the duration of the intervention. Preoperative evaluation of the anatomical structure of veins of upper limbs before implantation of permanent pacemakers is a rational approach that allows choosing the method of conducting endocardial electrodes in the right heart. References 1. Raatikainen M.J., Arnar D.O., Zeppenfeld K., et al. Statistics on the use of cardiac electronic devices and electrophysiological procedures in the European Society of Cardiology countries: 2014 report from the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace. 2015 Jan; 17, i1-i75. 2. Hindricks G., Camm J., Merkely B., et al. The current status of cardiac electrophysiology in ESC members countries. The EHRA White Book 2016. 3. Hindricks G., Camm J., Merkely B., et al. The current status of cardiac electrophysiology in ESC members countries. The EHRA White Book 2017. 4. Poole J., Gleva M., Mela T., et al. Complication rates associated with pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacements and upgrade procedures: results from the REPLACE registry. Circulation. 2010 Oct 19; 122 (16): 1553-1561. 5. Bongiorni M., Proclemer A., Dobreanu D., et al. Preferred tools and techniques for implantation of cardiac electronic devices in 6. Furman S. Venous cutdown for pacemaker implantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986 Apr; 41 (4): 438-439. 7. Parsonnet V., Bernstein A., Lindsay B., et al. Pacemaker-implantation complication rates: an analysis of some contributing factors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Mar 15; 13 (4): 917-921. 8. Atlas sravnitelnoy rentgenohirurgicheskoy anatomii. [Atlas of comparative radiosurgical anatomy] Pod red. L.S. Kokova. M.: Radiologiya-Press. 2012; 388 s [ In Russ]. 9. Bokeriya L.A., Revishvili A.Sh., Golitsyn S.P., Egorov D.F., Popov S.V., Sulimov V.A., et all. Klinicheskiye rekomendatsii po provedeniyu elektrofiziologicheskikh issledovaniy. kateternoy ablyatsii i primeneniyu implantiruyemykh antiaritmicheskikh ustroystv. Vserossiyskoye nauchnoye obshchestvo spetsialistov po klinicheskoy elektrofiziologii. Aritmologii i kardiostimulyatsii (VNOA). [Clinical recommendations for conducting electrophysiological studies, catheter ablation and the use of implantable antiarrhythmic devices. All-Russian scientific society of specialists in clinical electrophysiology, arrhythmology and pacemaking (VNOA)] 2013; 15 s [ In Russ]. 10. Magney J., Flynn D., Parsons J., et al. Anatomical mechanisms explaining damage to pacemaker leads, defibrillator leads, and failure of central venous catheters adjacent to the sternoclavicular joint. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993 Mar;16 ( 11. Chan N., Kwong N., Cheong A., et al. Venous access and long-term pacemaker lead failure: comparing contrast-guided axillary vein puncture with subclavian puncture and cephalic cutdown. Europace (2016), euw147. 12. Shima H., Ohno K., Shimizu T., et al. Anatomical study of the valves of the superficial veins of the forearm. J Craniomaxillofac Sur 1992; 20: 305-309. 13. Tse H., Lau C., Leung S., et al. A cephalic vein cutdown and venography technique to facilitate pacemaker and defibrillator lead implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001 Apr; 24 ( 14. Knight B., Curlett K., Oral H., et al. Clinical predictors of successful cephalic vein access for implantation of endocardial leads. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2002 Oct; 6 (2): 177-180.
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Article exists only in Russian.
Abstract: Introduction: for assessment of the significance of coronary artery stenosis, it is necessary to determine the minimum area of the residual square of the vessel lumen (VLRS) that can provide adequate blood flow to myocardial needs. This value is called «threshold» or «borderline». Numerous studies on this issue using modern intravascular and isotope techniques, randomized clinical trials have shown that the values of the «borderline» value of VLRS for proximal coronary arteries are within 3-4 mml. According to the literature, the angiographic method for assessing the severity of stenosis is not sufficiently informative and unreliable. In this article, a combination of coronary angiography with use of balloon catheter is proposed, that allows to eliminate disadvantages of the angiographic method in solving the task is shown. Aim: was to investigate possibilities of the method of determining the VLRS of coronary artery (CA) in the stenosis region and to assess its hemodynamic significance based on coronary angiography (CG) using a balloon catheter Materials and methods: the essence of the proposed approach is the obstruction of the artery at the site of stenosis with a balloon catheter with a known cross-sectional area; the VLRS value in this case is equal to or smaller than the area of the balloon catheter. In case of obstruction of the artery by balloon catheter with a transverse area up to 4 mm2, stenosis was considered to be hemodynamically significant and revascularization was recommended; with preserved intensive blood flow, stenosis is considered hemodynamically insignificant. Results: angiogram evaluation was performed in 120 patients with IHD with «intermediate» stenoses of proximal coronary arteries (from 40 to 70%) using the described technique. In 84% of cases, VLRS was estimated at 3,14 mm2 or less; in 8% of the VLRL was 3,86 mm2 or less. In such areas of coronary arteries, stenosis was considered hemodynamically significant. These patients underwent revascularization of the myocardium - balloon angioplasty and stenting of the coronary artery In 8% of cases, VLRS was more than 4 mm2, coronary stenosis in such cases was recognized as hemodynamically insignificant, and endovascular treatment was not performed in these patients. Conclusion: the proposed approach for assessment of the area of the residual square of coronary artery lumen at the site of constriction provides an opportunity for an optimal choice of treatment tactics. References 1. Shaw L.J., Berman D.S., Maron D.J., Mancini G.B., Hayes S.W., Hartigan PM. et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without percutantous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: result from the Clinical Outcomes Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evalution (COURAGE) trial nuclear study. Circulation. 2008; 117 (10): 1283-1291. 2. Shaw L.J., Iskandrian A.E. Prognostic value of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 2004; 11(2): 171-85. 3. Tobis J., Azarbal B., Slavin L. Assessment of intermediate sеverity coronary lesion in the cateterisation laboratory. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007; 49(8): 839-848. 4. Ivanov V.A., Belyakin S.A., Vityazev S.P. i dr. Algoritm prinyatiya resheniya pri vyyavlenii pogranichnyx porazhenij koronarnogo rusla [Decision-making algorithm for patients with intermittent coronary artery lesions .] . Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiobgiya. 2013; 7(3): 109-112 [In Russ]. 5. Bech G.J., De Bruyne B., Pijls N.H., de Muinck E.D., Hoorntje J.C., Escaned J. et al. Fractional flow reserve to determine the appropriateeness if angioplasty in moderate coronary stenosis: a randomized trial. Circulation. 2001; 103(24): 2928-2934. 6. Pijls N.H., van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G., Boersma E., Bech J.W., van't Veer M. et al. Percutaneus coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis. 5-year follow-up of the DEFER study. J. Am. College of Cardiology. 2007; 49(21): 2105-2111. 7. Iskander S., Iskandrian A.E. Risk assessment using single - photon emission computed tomografic technetium - 99m sestamibi imaging. J. Am. College of Cardiology. 1998; 32(1): 57-62. 8. Abizaid A., Mintz G.S., Pichard A.D., Kent K.M., Satler L.F., Walsh C.L. et al. Clinical, intravascular ultrasound, and quantitative angiographic determinants of the coronary flow reserve befom and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am. J. Carliology. 1998; 82(4):423-842. 9. Abizaid A.S., Mintz G.S., Mehran R., Abizaid A., Lansky A.J., Pichard A.D. et al. Long-term follow-up after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was not performed based on intravascular ultrasound findings: importance of lumen dimensions. Circulation. 1999; 100 (3):256-261. 10. Toshihiko Nishioka et al., Clinical validation of intravascular ultrasound imaging for assessment of coronary stenosis severity. Cоmparison with stress myocarlial perfusion imaging. JAAC 1999; 33:1870-1878. 11. Ben-Dor I., Torguson R., Gaglia M.A. Jr., Gonzalez M.A., Maluenda G., Bui A.B. et al. Correlation between fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound lumen area in intermediate coronary artery stenosis. Eurointervention. 2011; 7(2):225-233. 12. Pijls N.H., De Bruyne B., Peels K., Van Der Voort PH., Bonnier H.J., Bartunek J. et al. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary - artery stenoses. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 334 (26):1703-1708. 13. Pijls N.H.,Van Gelder B.,Van der Voort P,Peels K.,Bracke F.A.,Bonnier H.J. et al. Fractional flow reserve. A useful index to evaluate the influence of an epicardial coronary stenosis on myocardial blood flow. Circulation. 1995; 92 (11): 3183-3193. 14. Bech G.J., Pijls N.H., De Bruyne B., Peels K.H., Michels H.R., Bonnier H.J. et al. Usefulness of fractional flow reserve to predict clinical outcome after balloon angioplasty. Circulation. 1999; 99(7):883-888. 15. Lachance P, Dery J.P, Rodes-Cabau J., Potvin J.M., Barbeau G., Bertrand O.F. et al. Impact of fractional flow reserve measurement on the clinical management of patients with coronary artery disease evaluated with noninvasive stress tests prior to cardiac catheterization. Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med. 2008; 9 (4):229-234. 16. Guagliumi G., Sirbu V., Petroff C., Capodanno D., Musumeci G., Yamamoto H. et al. Volumetric assessment of lesion severity with optical coherence tomography: relationship with fractional flow. EuroIntervention. 2013; 8(10): 1172-1181. 17. Ozaki Y, Violaris A.G., Kobayashi T., Keane D., Camenzind E., Di Mario C. et al. Comparison of coronary luminal quantification obtained from intracoronary ultrasound and both geometric and videodensitometric quantitative angiography before and after balloon angioplasty and directional atherectomy. Circulation. 1997; 96(2): 491-499. 18. Nissen S.E., Yock P. Intravascular ultrasound: novel pathophysiological insights and current clinical application. Circulation. 2001; 103(4):604-616. 19. Ma YF., Fam J.M., Zhang B.C. Critical analysis of the correlation between optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound and fractional flow reserve in the management of intermediate coronary artery lesion. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015; 8(5):6658-6667. 20. Waksman R, Legutko J, Singh J et al. Fractional Flow Reserve and intravascular Ultrasound Relationship Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013; 61:917-923. 21. Ivanov V.A., Movsesyants M. Yu., Trunin I. V. 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Prospective, head-to-head comparison of quantitative coronary angiography, quantitative computed tomography angiography, and intravascular ultrasound for the prediction of hemodynamic significance in intermediate and severe lesions, using fractional flow reserve as reference standard (from the ATLANTA I and II Study). Am. J. Cardiol. 2014; 113 (1): 23-29. 25. Pijls N.H., Fearon W.F., Tonino P.A., Siebert U., Ikeno F., Bornschein B. et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: 2-year follow-up of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010; 56 (3):177-84. 26. Waller B.F. The eccentric coronary atherosclerotic plaque: morphologic observations and clinical relevance. Clin. Cardiol. 1989; 12(1):14-20.
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the powers of complex ultrasonography in different stages of endovascular closure of atrial septal defects (ASD). 31 patients 13-56 years old (mean age 23,65 ±5,2 years) with septal defects were included into the study. Ultrasound (US) monitoring performed during the procedure of endovascular closure, and as a follow-up. There were prevalence (35,4%) of the patients with central ASD with rims of 5 mm and more. Abcence of anterio-superior or aortic rim, or its deficiency, noted in 19,2% of cases. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) registered in 25,81% of patients. Incidence of multiple ASDs and ASD in aneurysm occurred to be similar and was as high as 9,67%. In 2 cases of multiple ASDs, and 2 cases of PFO, transseptal puncture was used as an approach to left atrium, for the reason of complex anatomy of the septum. After the closure, transthoracic US showed reliable decrease of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery (PA) size. The majority of patients (64%) showed normalization of PA pressure and left ventricle enlargement in a week after the procedure. Two-dimensional echocardiography (EchoCG) with color Doppler mapping (CDM) is the key method for ASD imaging and assessing its suitability for endovascular closure. Transesophageal EchoCG can help in verification of the ASD anatomy and refinement of the ASD rims. Ultrasound guidance during the procedure of endovascular closure allows optimal positioning of the device, immediate assessment of the homodynamic effects, and timely diagnosis of complications. Reference 1. Банкл Г. Врожденные пороки сердца икрупных сосудов. М.: Медицина, 1980; 312. 2. Белоконь Н.А., Подзолков В.П.Врожденные пороки сердца. М.: Наука, 1991; 351. 3. Kannan B.R., Francis E., Sivakumar K., AnilS.R., Kumar R.K. Transcatheter closure ofvery large (> or = 25 mm) atrial septal defectsusing the Amplatzer septal occluder. Catheter.Cardiovasc. Interv. 2003; 59 (4): 522-527. 4. Maron B.J., Bonow R.O. et al. Hyperterophic cardiomyopathy: interrelations of clinicalmanifestations, pathophysiology and therapy. New. Engl.J. Med. 1987; 316: 844-852. 5. Бокерия Л.А. Эндоваскулярная иминимально инвазивная хирургия сердца исосудов у детей. М. 1999; 226-233. 6. Дземешкевич С.Л., Синицин В.Е., КоролевС.В., Мершина Е.А., Пустовойтова Т.С.,Фролова Ю.В., Терновой С.К., АкчуринР.С. Септальные дефекты у взрослых:современная диагностика и лечебнаятактика. Грудная и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2001; 2: 40-45. 7. Пурецкий М.В., Иванов А.С., Тараян М.В.,Балоян Г.М., Плотицин А.А., РодионовА.С., Аксюк М.А., Ревуненков Г.В. Опытиспользования Amplatzer septal occluderдля закрытия дефектов межпредсерднойперегородки. Хирургия. 2008; 2: 10-14. 8. Mazic U., Gavora P., Masura J. The role of transesophageal echocardiography in transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects by the Amplatzer septal occluder. Am. Heart J. 2001; 142 (3): 482-488. 9. Belkin R.N., Pollak B.D., Ruggiero M.L., et al. Comparison of esophageal and transthoracic echocardiography with contrast and color flow Doppler in the detection of patent foramen ovale. Amer. heart J. 1994; 128 (3): 520-525. 10. Droste D.W., Lakemeier S., Wichter T., Stypmann J., Dittrich R., Ritter M., Moeller M., Freund M., Ringelstein E.B. Optimizing the technique of contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts. Stroke. 2002; 33 (9): 2211-2216. 11. Hofer C.K., Furrer L., Matter-Ensner S., Maloigne M., Klaghofer R., Genoni M., Zollinger A. Volumetric preload measurement by thermodilution: a comparison with transoesophageal echocardiography. Br.J. Anaesth. 2005; 94 (6): 748-755. 12. Augoustides J.G., Weiss S.J., Ochroch A.E., WeinerJ., Mancini J., Savino J.S., Cheung A.T. Analysis of the interatrial septum by transesophageal echocardiography in adult cardiac surgical patients: anatomic variants and correlation with patent foramen ovale. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2005; 19 (2): 146-149. 13. Augoustides J.G., Weiss S.J., Weiner J., Mancini J., Savino J.S., Cheung A.T.Diagnosis of patent foramen ovale with multiplane transesophageal echocardiography inadult cardiac surgical patients.J. Cardiothorac.Vasc. Anesth. 2004; 18 (6): 725-730. 14. Carlson K.M., Justino H., O'Brien R.E.,Dimas V.V., Leonard G.T., Pignatelli R.H.,Mullins C.E., Smith E.O., Grifka R.G.Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure:modified balloon sizing technique to avoid 18.overstretching the defect and oversizing theAmplatzer septal occluder. Catheter.Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 66 (3): 390-396. 15. Chen C.Y., Lee C.H., Yang M.W., Chung H.T., Hsieh I.C., Ho A.C. Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography for transcatheter closure of ostium secundum atrial septum defect with the amplatzer septal occluder. Chang. Gung. Med.J. 2005; 28 (12): 837-845. 16. Dewhirst W.E., Stragand J.J., Fleming B.M. Mallory-Weiss tear complicating intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing aortic valve replacement. Anesthesiology. 1990; 73 (4): 777-778. 17. Mehta R.H., Helmcke F., Nanda N.C., Hsiung M., Pacifico A.D., Hsu T.L. Transesophageal Doppler color flow mapping assessment of atrial septal defect. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1990; 16(4): 1010-1016. 18. Radhakrishnan S., Marwah A., Shrivastava S. Non surgical closure of atrial septal defect using the Amplatzer septal occluder in children-feasibility and early results. Indian Pediatr. 2000; 37 (11): 1181-1187.
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess effectiveness and safety of ioversol (Optiray). The contrast media used for angiography and endovascular interventions in 286 patients with coronary disease, peripheral atherosclerosis, liver and biliary disease, hysteromyoma etal. Optiray provided good visualization in 100% of cases at all vascular territories; it did not cause significant hemodynamic changes and was shown to have low allergenic capacity. As a rule, Optiray also did not affect aminotransferases serum concentrations or renal function, but in 1,4% of patients, in preexisting renal function impairment or known risk factors (diabetes, arterial hypertension) a rise of blood creatinine level was seen. The results allow the authors to conclude that Optiray (Ioversol) satisfies all the requirements for modern contrast media. Reference 1. Сергеев П.В., Cвиридов Н.К., ШимановскийН.Л. Контрастные средства. М. 1993; 256. 2. Сергеев П.В., Юдин А.Л., Поляев Ю.А.,Шимановский Н.Л. Разработка контрастно-диагностических средств для внутрисосудистого введения: от первых опытов донаших дней. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2002; 1: 48-61. 3. Morris T.W. X-ray contrast media. Wherearewe now and where are we going? Radiology.1993; 188: 11-16. 4. Floriani I.E., Ciceri M.A., Torri V.A., TinazziA.M., Jahn, H.S., Noseda A.M. ClinicalProfile of Ioversol: A Metaanalysis of 57 Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trials. Invest.Radiology. 1996; 31 (8): 479-491. 5. Schild H.H., Kuhl C.K., Hubner-Steiner U.A., Bohm I.M. Adverse Events after Unenhanced and Monomeric and Dimeric Contrast-enhanced CT: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Radiology. 2006; 240: 56-64. 6. Ralston W. The acute and subacute toxicity ofioversol (Optiray) in laboratory animals.Invest. Radiology. 1989; 24 (2): 231-240. 7. Hosoya T., Yamaguchi K., Akutsu T. et al.Delayed adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media and their risk factors. Radiat. Med.2000; 18: 39-45. 8. Stacul F., Cova M., Assante M. et al.Comparison between the efficacy of dimericand monomeric non-ionic contrast media(iodixanol vs iopromide) in urography inpatients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency. Brit.J. Radiol. 1998; 71: 918-922. 9. Enzweiler C.N., Hohn S.A., Lembcke A.E. etal. Contrast enhancement in electron beamtomography of the heart: comprasion of amonomeric and a dimeric iodinated contrast agent in 59 patients. ActaRadiol. 2006; 13: 95-103. 10. Lassers E.C., Lyon S.G. Reports of contrastmedia reactions: analysis of data from reports to the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations Radiology. 1997; 203: 605-610. 11. Bettmann M.A., Heeren T., Greenfield A.,Goudey C. Adverse events with radiographiccontrast agents, results of SCVIR Contrast agents Registry. Radiology. 1997; 203: 611- 620. 12. Carraro M., Malalan F., Antonione R. et al.Effects of a dimeric vs a monomeric nonioniccontrast medium on renal function in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Eur. Radiol. 1998; 8: 144-147. 13. Deray G., Bagnis C., Jacquiaud C. et al. Renal effects of low and isoosmolar contrast media on renal hemodynamic in normal and ischemicdog kidney. Invest. Radiology. 1999; 34: 1-4. 14. Hayami I.S., Ishigooka1 M.G., Suzuki1 Y.T., Mitobe K.I. Comparison of the nephrotoxicity between ioversol and iohexol. International Urology and Nephrology. 1996; 3: 615-619. 15. Misawa M., Sato Y., Hara M. et al. Use of nonionic contrast medium, iopromide (Proscope 370), in pediatric cardiovascular angiography. Nihon ShoniHoshasen Gakkai Zasshi. 2000; 16: 42-44. 16. Кармазановский Г.Г. «Старое» неионное рентгеноконтрастное вещество иоверсол -«новый игрок» на российском рынке контрастных средств. Медицинская визуализация. 2007; 2: 135-139. 17. Корниенко В.Н., Пронин И.И., Такуш С.В., Фадеева Л.М. Новые возможности контрастирования в нейрорадологии. Медицинская визуализация. 2006; 6: 126-133.
Abstract: Internal carotid artery (ICA) pathological kinking considered to be one of the main causes of stroke. Aim of our study was to assess endovascular possibilities to manage this condition. Carotid stenting performed in 15 non-fixed human corpses with ICA kinking (6 - L-shaped, 5 - S-shaped, 4 - looping) under hydrodynamic monitoring. It is shown that endovascular correction (stenting) of kinked ICA straightens the artery, considerably reduces pressure gradient, and increases volume of flow. At the same time carotid stenting, performed for ICA kinking, does not distress the vessel wall, in particular, it causes no significant intimal trauma. Reference 1. Riser M.M., Gerause J., Ducoudray J., Ribaunt L. Dolicho-carotide interne avec syndrome vertigneux. Neurology. 1951; 85: 145-147.
2. Quattlebaum J.L., Upson E.T., Neville R.L. Stroke associated with elongation and kinking of the internal carotid artery: report of three cases treated by segmental resection of the carotid artery. Ann. Surg. 1959; 150:824-832.
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5. Паулюкас П.А., Бараускас Э.М. Хирургическая так ика при выпрямлении петель внутренних сонных артерий. Хирургия. 1989; 12: 12-18.
6. Покровский А.В. Патологическое удлинение и извитость (петлеобразование, кольцеобразование) брахиоцефальных артерий. В кн.: Е.И. Чазов «Болезни сердца и сосудов». Руководство для врачей. М.: Медицина. 1992; 299-302.
7. Булынин В.И., Мартемьянов С.В., Ласкаржевская М.А. Диагностика и хирургическое лечение различных вариантов патологической извитости внутренних сонных артерий. В сб. 2-й всерос. Съезд серд.-сосуд. хирургов. С.-Пб. 1993; 1: 34-35.
8. Долматов Е.А., Дюжиков А.А. Хирургическое лечение патологической извитости внутренних сонных артерий. Кардиология. 1989; 3: 45-47.
9. Еремеев В.П. Хирургическое лечение патологических извитостей, перегибов и петель сонных артерий. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 1998; 2:82-94.
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14. Freemann T., Zippit W. Carotid artery syndrome due to kinking: Surgical treatment in 44 cases. Amer. Surg.1962; 28 (11): 745-748.
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18. Chino A. Simple method for combined carotid endarterectomy and correction of internal carotid artery kinking.J. Vasc. Surg. 1987; 6 (2): 197-199.
19. Poindexter J., Patel K., Clauss R. Management of kinked extracranial cerebral arteries. J. Vasc. Surg. 1987; 6 (2): 127-133.
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Abstract: РТА and stenting of lower limb s arteries was performed in 28 diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Technical success rate of interventions was 96,3%. Clinical success rate after the procedure was 64,3%. Mean values of basal ТсРО2 on the foot after operation increased on 11 mm of mercury. At a favorable outcome of treatment ankle-brachial index values increased on 0,2-0,4. Ischemia recurrence rate was 25%. All recurrences of ischemia were observed in period of 3 to 9 months. Cumulative limb salvage rate in 6 months was 80 %, in 12 months - 75%. In short period of observation PTA and stenting in diabetic patients is able to eliminate the necessity of amputation in majority of patients. Considering weight of the general condition of such patients, presence of accompanying diseases, risk of development of complications of surgical treatment, РТА can be considered as operation of the first choice. Reference 1. Rutherford R.B., Durham J. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty for arteriosclerosis obliterans: Long-term results. In Pearce W.H. (eds). Technologies in Vascular Surgery. 1992; 32-345. 2. Шиповский В.Н. Баллонная ангиопластика в лечении хронической ишемии нижних конечностей.Дис. д-ра мед. наук. 2002; 16-17. 3. Jeans W.D., Armstrong S. Fate of patients undergoing transluminal angioplasty for lower-limb ischemia. Radiology. 1990; 177: 559-564. 4. Krepel V.M., van Andel G.J. et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal arteries: initial and long-term results. Radiology. 1985; 156:25-28. 5. Харазов А Ф. Диагностика и результаты лечения пациентов с критической ишемией нижних конечностей при атеросклеротическом и диабетическом поражении артерий ниже паховой связки. Дис. канд.мед. наук. 2002; 12.
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Abstract: Endovascular methods of treatment for coronary heart disease are of considerable current use. Stenting of coronary arteries is the most widely used intervention in management of coronary heart disease. Present-day models of coronary stents make it possible to selectively perform direct stenting in certain roentgenomorphology of the lesion concerned. The authors analysed the outcomes of direct and conventional stenting of coronary arteries in 74 patients presenting with coronary heart disease. No differences as to the mortality rate were observed between the groups. The group of direct stenting demonstrated lower percentage of ischemic events: myocardial infarction on the background of acute or subacute thrombosis of the stent (1 - in the direct-stenting group, 3 - in the conventional-stenting group), transitory myocardial ischaemia (1 case in the direct-stenting group, 3 cases in the conventional-stenting group). Of the angiographic peculiarities, dissection complicated a total of three procedures of traditional stenting, and did not occur in the direct-stenting group. The no-reflow syndrome was noted to have developed in one case in the stenting group with predilatation. Of the technical peculiarities in the direct-stenting group, we observed a statistically reliable decrease in the average duration of the intervention by 11,76 minutes (P = 0,039), that of roentgenoscopy by 5,91 minutes (P = 0,027), a decrease in the average consumption of the radiopaque medium by 68,36 ml (P < 0,01), and a decrease in the average expenditure of coronary balloon catheters by 0,59 pc. (P < 0,001). Hence, the method of direct stenting of coronary arteries turned out to offer advantages over the conventional-stenting technique with predilatation in the clinical, angiographic and economic aspects, provided a careful selection of patients is performed. Reference 1. Фуфаев Е.Н. К вопросу о методике клинико-социальных исследований по изучению потребности в кардиохирургической помощи. Качественная Клиническая Практика. 2003; (31) 2: 13-108. 2. Бокерия Л.А., Гудкова Р.М. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия - 2004. Болезни и врожденные аномалии системы кровообращения. М., НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. 2005; 118. 3. Rogers С, Parikh S., Seifert P. Edelman E. Endogenous cell seeding. Remnant endothelium after stenting enhances vascular repair. Circulation. 1996; (94).2909-2914. 4. Villegas B., Morice M.C., Hernandez S. et al. Triple Vessel Stenting for Triple Vessel Coronary Disease. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2002; (14): 1-5. 5. Chauhan A., Vu E., Ricci D.R., et al. Early and intermediate term clinical outcome after multiple coronary stenting. Heart. 1998; (79): 29-33. 6. Kastrati A., Hall D., SchЪmig A. Long-term outcome after coronary stenting. Curr. Control Trials Cardiovasc Med. 2000; (1): 48-54. 7. La Manna A., Di Mario C. Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Vessel Coronary Artery Disease. E-Journal of European Society of Cardiology. 2005; (29): 17-23. 8. Triantis G.S., Tolis V.A., Michalis L.K. Direct Implantation of Intracoronary Stents. Hellenic J. Cardiol. 2002; (43): 156-160. 9. Weaver W.D., Reisman M.A., Griffin J.J., et al., for the OPUS-1 Investigators. Optimum percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty compared with routine stent strategy trial (OPUS-1): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000; (355): 203-219. 10. Schuhlen H., Kastrati A., Dirschinger J. Intracoronary Stenting and Risk for Major Adverse Cardiac Events During the First Month. Circulation. 1998; (98): 104-111.
Abstract: Eighteen experimental animals (9 rabbits and 9 mongrel dogs) were used in a feasibility study of heparin and a polymer belonging to polyoxyalkanoates class - homopolymer of в-oxybutyric acid - polyoxybutyrate (POB) to be applied onto the surface of the nitinole self-expanding stent "Alex" ("Komed", Russia) in order to decrease responsiveness of the vascular wall. During a three-month chronic experiment at various terms following implantation, we examined the degree of biocompatibility of the coat-free stents, heparin-treated stents, and those coated with the above polymer. The studies were carried out by means of arteriography, binocular light microscopy, histological examination, electron microscopy; and the study of the ultrastructure of thestented segmentsof the vessels. The experiments carried out on animals showed that: 1. The coating of the stents may positively influence structural alterations in the vascular wall, which improve the conditions of the blood flow along the vessel; 2. Using POB-coated stents is accompanied by lesser intimal hyperplasia, relatively decreased leukocytic infiltration, and development of vasa vasorum; 3. POB may safely be considered the most favourable coating for stents because of minimal structural alterations in the vascular wall. The obtained findings would make it possible to plan future research on polyoxyalkanoatesas modifiers of the histological responseof the vascular wall tissues while implanting stents. References 1. Holmes D.R. Jr., Leon M.B., Moses J.W., Popma J.J., Cutlip D., Fitzgerald P.J., Brown C., Fischell T., Wong S. C., Midei M., Snead D., Kuntz R.E.. Analysis of 1-Year Clinical Outcomes in the SIRIUS Trial. A Randomized Trial of a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus a Standard Stent in Patients at High Risk for Coronary Restenosis. Circulation. 2004; 109: 634-640. 2. Machan L. Drug eluting stents in the infrainguinal circulation. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2004; 7: 28-32. 3. Tanabe K., Serruys P., Grube E., Smits P.C., Selbach G., van der Gissen W.J., Staberock M., de Feyter P., Muller R., Reger E., Degertekin M., Ligthart J.M.R., Disco C., Backx B., Russell M.E. TAXUS III Trial. In-Stent restenosis treated with stent-based delivery of paclitaxel incorporated in a slow-release polymer formation. Circulation. 2003; 107: 559-564. 4. Grube E., Silber S., Hauptmann K.E., Mueller R., Buellesfeld L., Gerckens U., Russell M.E. TAXUS I. Six- and twelve-months results from a randomized, double-blind trial on a slow-release paclitaxel-eluting stent for de novo coronary lesions. Circulation. 2003; 107: 38-42. 5. Kerner A., Gruberg L., Kapeliovich L., Grenadier E. Late stent thrombosis after implantation of a sirolimus-eluting stent. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2003; 60: 505-508. 6. Jeremias A., Sylvia B., Bridges J., Kirtane A.J, Bigelow B., Pinto D.S., Ho K.K., Cohen D.J., Garcia L.A., Cutlip D.E., Carrozza J.P. Jr. Stent thrombosis after successful sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. Circulation. 2004; 109: 1930-1932. 7. Шишацкая Е.И. Медико-биологические свойства биодеградирующих бактериальных полимеров полиоксиалканоатов для искусственных органов и клеточной трансплантологии. Дисс. канд. мед. наук 2003; 156. 8. Протопопов А.В. Разработка и клиническое внедрение метода эндопротезирования сосудов саморасширяющимся нитиноловым стентом (клинико-экспериментальное исследование). Дисс. док. мед. наук. 2002; 240. 9. Peck P. Concerns About Subacute Thrombosis and the Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: Hype or Reality? Posted 12.10.2003. Available at:http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/465210 - 50k. 10. FDA Public Health Web Notification: Information for Physicians on Sub-acute Thromboses (SAT) and Hypersensitivity Reactions with Use of the Cordis CYPHER™ Coronary Stent. Issuing Date: October 28, 2003. Available at:http: //www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/cypher.html. 11. FDA Public Health Web Notification: Updated information for physicians on sub-acute thromboses (SAT) and hypersensitivity reactions with use of the Cordis CYPHER™ sirolimus-eluting coronary stent. Issuing Date: November 25, 2003. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/cypher2.pdf. 12. Babinska A., Markell M.S., Salifu M.O. Enhancement of human platelet aggregation and secretion induced by rapamycin. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1998; 13: 1353-1359. 13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for devices and radiological health, Cypher sirolimus-eluting coronary stent on RAPTOR over-the-wire delivery system. Available at:http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ pdf3/p020026.html. 14. Lau W.C., Waskell L.A., Watkins P.B. Atorvastatin reduces the ability of clopidogrel to inhibit platelet aggregation: a new drug-drug interaction. Circulation. 2003; 107: 32-37. 15. van der Giessen W.J., van Beusekom H.M., van Hoeten C.D., van Woerens L.J., Verdouw P.D., Serruys P.W. Coronary stenting with polymer-coating and uncoated self-expanding endoprostheses in pigs. Coronary artery disease. 1992; 3: 631-640. 16. van der Giessen W.J., Slager C.J., van Beusekom H.M., van Ingen Schenau D.S., Huuts R.A., Schuurbiers J.C., de Klein W.J., Serruys P.W Development of a polymer Endovascular prosthesis and its implantation in porcine arteries. J. Interven. Cardiol. 1992; 5: 175-185. 17. Unverdorben M., Spielberger A., Schywaisky M., Labahn D., Hartwig S., Schneider M., Lootz D., Behrend D., Schmitz K., Degenhardt R., Schaldach M., Vallbracht C. A polyhydroxybutyrate biodegradable stent: preliminary experience in the rabbit. CVIR.2002; 25: 127-132. 18. Tamai H., Igaki K., Kyo E., Kosuga K., Kawashima A., Matsui S., Komori H.,TsujiT., Motohara S., Uehata H.. Initial and 6-month results of biodegradable poly-L- lactic acid coronary stents in human. Circulation. 2000; 102: 399-404.
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Abstract: A group of patients, including 88 diabetics and 93 non-diabetics (patients were diagnosed according to A. Bollinger system) was studied in terms of occlusive-stentic lesions. The occlusive-stentic affection of low-extremities combined with diabetes is characterized by a number of distinctive features. The majority of diabetics are suffering the distal type of arterial lesion, while atherosclerotics suffer the proximal type. Diabetes functions as a complicating factor, forcing the development of occlusive-stentic process largely in distal segments of low extremities, meaning popliteal and crural arteries. This process eventually leads to the ischemia of low extremities. References 1. Gensler S.W, Haimovici H, Hoffert P., Steinman С, Beneventano Т.С. Study of vascular lesions in diabetic, nondiabetic patients. Clinical, arteriographic, and surgical considerations. Arch. Surg. 1965; 91:617 - 622. 2. Haimovici H. Patterns of arteriosclerotic lesions of the lower extremity. Arch. Surg. 1967; 95:918 - 933. 3. Conrad M.C. Large and small artery occlusion in diabetics and nondiabetics with severe vascular disease. Circulation. 1967; 36:83 - 91. 4. Bollinger A., Breddin K., Hess H., Heystraten F.M.J., Kollath J., Kontilla A., Pouliadis G., Marshall M., Mey Т., Mietaschk A., Roth F.-J. Semiquantitative assessment of lower limb atherosclerosis from routine angiographic images. Atherosclerosis. 1981; 38: 339-346. 5. Van der Feen C, Neijens F.S., Kanters S.D.J.M., Mali WP.Th.M., Stolk R.P., Banga J.D. Angiographic distribution of lower extremity atherosclerosis in patients with and without diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2002;19:366-370. 6. Покровский А.В., Дан В.Н., Чупин А.В.. Ишемическая диабетическая стопа. Синдром диабетической стопы. Клиника, диагностика, лечение и профилактика. Москва. 1998; 18 - 35. 7. Балаболкин М.И.. Эндокринология. М.: Универсум паблишинг. 1998; 421, 423. 8. Атанов Ю.П., Шамычкова А.А.. Диабетическая ангиопатия нижних конечностей. Российский медицинский журнал. 2001;5: 14- 15. 9. Donnelly R. Vascular complications of diabetes. B.M.J. 2000; 320:1062- 1066. 10. Faglia E. et al. Extensive use of peripheral angioplasty, particularly infrapopliteal, in the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: clinical results of a multicentric study of 221 consecutive diabetic subjects. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2002; 252: 225 - 232 11. Awad S., Karkos CD., Serrachino-Inglott E, Cooper N.J., Butterfield J.S., Ashleigh R., Nasim A. The impact of diabetes on current revascularisation practice and clinical outcome in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery. 2006; 32 (1): 51-59. 12. Bosiers M, Hart J.P, Deloose K., Verbist J., Peeters P. Endovascular therapy as the primary approach for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia: experience with 443 infrapopliteal procedures. Vascular. 2006; 14 (2):63 - 69.
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Article exists only in Russian.
Abstract: Article is devoted to the analysis of life, scientific and practical activities of professor Leonid Semenovich Zingerman - one of pioneers in diagnostic and interventional radiology in Russia, the founder of scientific and practical school in the sphere of diagnostic and interventional radiology in urgent situations. The article shows the role of professor Zingerman in development of radiological and diagnostic interventions in cardiac surgery neurosurgery, abdominal surgery and gynecology on the base of Bakoulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (1958-1977) and Scientific and Research Institute of emergency medicine (1977-1992).
Abstract: Renal artery stenosis is a common condition that can cause renovascular hypertension or ischemic nephropathy. Endovascular treatment for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is performed frequently and its usage has rapidly increased during the last few years. However clinical benefit of renal artery stenting is questionable. Many researchers suppose that clinical outcomes after renal artery stenting may be improved. Several potential ways to this improvement is discussed: the evaluation of hemodinamical parameters of the stenosis, viability of the renal tissue, prophylactic of the atheroembolisation and restenosis. This article reviews the recent data concerning perspective trends in endovascular procedures on renal arteries that can improve long-term clinical outcomes after renal artery stenting. References 1. Wheatley K., Phil D., Ives N. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009; 36: 1953 - 62. 2. Textor S. Despite results from ASTRAL, jury still out on stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Nephrology. Times .2010; 3: 2-7. 3. Kapoor N., Fahsah I., Karim R et al. Physiological assessment of renal artery stenosis: comparisons of resting with hyperemic renal pressure measurements. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2010; 76(5): 726-32. 4. Rundback J.H., Sacks D., Kent K.C., et al. Guidelines for the reporting of renal artery revascularization in clinical trials. American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1572-1585. 5. Jones N., Bates E., Chetcuti S. Usefulness of tran- slesional pressure gradient and pharmacological provocation for the assessment of intermediate renal artery disease. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2006; 68(3): 429-34. 6. Mitchell J., Subramanian R., White C. et al. Predicting blood pressure improvement in hypertensive patients after renal artery stent placement: renal fractional flow reserve. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2007; 69(5):685-9. 7. Kadziela J., Witkowski A., Januszewicz A. Assessment of renal artery stenosis using both resting pressures ratio and fractional flow reserve: relationship to angiography and ultrasonography. BloodPress. 2011; 20(4): 211-7. 8. Drieghe B., Madaric J., Sarno G. et al. Assessment of renal artery stenosis: side-by-side comparison of angiography and duplex ultrasound with pressure gradient measurements. European. Heart. Journal. 2007; 29 (4): 517-24. 9. Subramanian R., White C.J., Rosenfield K. et al. Renal fractional flow reserve: a hemodynamic evaluation of moderate renal artery stenoses. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 64: 480-486. 10. Leesar M., Varma J., Shapira A. Prediction of hypertension improvement after stenting of renal artery stenosis: comparative accuracy of translesional pressure gradients, intravascular ultrasound, and angiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009; 53(25): 2363-71. 11. Radermacher J., Chavan A., Bleck J. et al. Use of Doppler ultrasonography to predict the outcome of therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 410-417. 12. Doi Y., Iwashima Y., Yoshihara F. Et al. Renal resistive index and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2012; Jul 23. Epub ahead of print. 13. Zeller T., Ulrich F., Mflller C., Bbrgelin K., Sinn L. Angioplasty of severe atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis: predictors of improved renal function after percutaneous stent-supported intervention. Circulation 2003; 108: 2244-2249. 14. Liew Y., Bartholomew J. Atheromatous embolization. hsc. Med. 2005; 10: 309-326. 15. Holden A. Is there an indication for embolic protection in renal artery intervention? Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2011; 14(2): 95-100. 16. Rocha-Singh K., Eisenhauer A.,Textor S. Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease symposium II: intervention for renal artery disease. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2873-2878. 17. Feldman R., Wargovich T., Bittl J. No-touch technique for reducing aortic wall trauma during renal artery stenting. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 1999; 46(2): 245-8. 18. Kolluri R., Goldstein J., Rocha-Singh K. Percutaneous vascular interventions in renal artery diseases. Minerva. Cardioangiol. 2006; 54: 95-107. 19. Hiramoto J., Hansen K., Pan X. Atheroemboli during renal artery angioplasty: an ex vivo study. J. Vhsc. Surg. 2005; 41(6): 1026-30. 20. Holden A., Hill A. Renal angioplasty and stenting with distal protection of the main renal artery in ischemic nephropathy: early experience. Journal Vascular. Surgery. 2003; 38: 962-968. 21. Perkovic V., Thomson K., Mitchell P. et al. Treatment of renovascular disease with percutaneous stent insertion: long-term outcomes. Austral. Radiol. 2001; 45: 438-43. 22. Paulsen D., Klow N., Rogstad B. et al. Preservation of renal function by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in ischaemic renal disease. Nephrol. Dial Transplant. 1999; 14: 1454-61. 23. Leertouwer T., Gussenhoven E., Bosch J. et al. Stent placement for renal arterial stenosis: where do we stand? A meta-analysis. Radiology. 2000; 216: 78-85. 24. Vignali C., Bargellini I., Lazzereschi M. et al. Predictive factors of in-stent restenosis in renal artery stenting: a retrospective analysis. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2005; 28: 296-302. 25. Corriere M., Edwards M., Pearce J. et al. Restenosis after renal artery angioplasty and stenting: incidence and risk factors. J. Vasc. Surg. 2009; 50(4): 813-819. 26. Leertouwer T., Gussenhoven E., van Overhagen H. et al. Stent placement for treatment of renal artery stenosis guided by intravascular ultrasound. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 1998; 9: 945-952. 27. Zeller T., Rastan A., Rothenpieler U. et al. Restenosis after stenting of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: is there a rationale for the use of drug-eluting stents? Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2006; 68(1): 125-30. 28. Sapoval M., Zghringer M., Pattynama P. et al. Low- profile stent system for treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: the GREAT trial. J. Vasc. Intern Radiol. 2005; 16(9): 1195-202.
To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Pavel Nikolaevich Mazaev
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Kokov L.S. "To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Pavel Nikolaevich Mazaev ". Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2012; 6(3); 5-10.
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Article exists only in Russian.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in octogenarian patients. The number of such patients and the number of percutaneous coronary interventions are increasing. Methods: literature report is based on data, searched in PubMed database, Elibrary, electronic catalog of the Russian State Library, published until January 2017. Results: review showed reasons why this group of patients refers to high-risk patients. Also, we analyzed modern approaches to the treatment of such patients, significance of PCI, intraoperative factors affecting the outcome of treatment of patients with myocardial infarction. Conclusion: worse results of PCI in elderly patients in comparison with younger group have multifactorial reasons. Different authors point on higher percent of comorbidity, and previous MI, worse cardiac function, higher iatrogenity Based on received data, we showed clinical problems in these patients, the solution of which would improve results of treatment of this group of challenging patients. References 1. Mark Mather, Linda A. Jacobsen, and Kelvin M. Pollard. Aging in the United States. Population Bulletin 70, no. 2 (2015). 2. Predpolozhitel'naja chislennost' naselenija Rossijskoj Federacii do 2030 goda. [Presumptive population of the Russian Federation until 2030]. Statisticheskij bjulleten'. Federal'naja sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki. M., 2016 [In Russ]. 3. Roth, Gregory A. et al. «Demographic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Global Cardiovascular Mortality.» The New England journal of medicine 372.14(2015):1333-1341. PMC. Web. 9 Jan. 2017. 4. Zdravoohranenie v Rossii 2015. [Healthcare in Russia 2015]. Statisticheskij sbornik. Federal'naja sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki. M., 2015 [In Russ]. 5. Bogomolov A.N. Retrospektivnyj analiz rezul'tatov koronarnogo stentirovanija u bol'nyh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta. Dis. kand. med. nauk. [Retrospective analysis of coronary stenting in elderly and very elderly patients. Cand. of Dr. med. sci. diss]. SPb. 2013 [In Russ]. 6. Bauer T., Mollmann H., Weidinger F., Zeymer U., SeabraGomes R., Eberli F., Serruys P, Vahanian A., Silber S., Wijns W., Hochadel M., Nef H.M., Hamm C.W., Marco J., Gitt A.K. Predictors of hospital mortality in the elderly undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes and stable angina. Int J Cardiol. 2011; 151:164-169. 7. Antonsen L., Jensen L.O., Terkelsen C.J., Tilsted H. H., Junker A., Maeng M., Hansen K.N., Lassen J.F., Thuesen L., Thayssen P Outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarians and nonagenarians with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction: from the Western Denmark heart registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 81:912-919. 8. Daniel I. Bromage, Daniel A. Jones, Krishnaraj S. Rathod. Outcome of 1051 Octogenarian Patients With STSegment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Observational Cohort From the London Heart Attack Group. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016;5:e003027. 9. Caretta G., Passamonti E., Pedroni PN., Fadin B.M., Galeazzi G.L., Pirelli S. Outcomes and predictors of mortality among octogenarians and older with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary angioplasty. Clin Cardiol. 2014; 37:9:523-529. 10. Spoon D.B., Psaltis PJ., Singh M., et al. Trends in cause of death after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2014; 129:1286-1294. 11. Goch A., Misiewicz P, Rysz J., Banach M. The clinical manifestation of myocardial infarction in elderly patients. Clin Cardiol. 2009; 32:E46-E51 12. Dangas G.D., Singh H.S. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarians: navigate with caution. Heart. 2010; 96:813-814. 13. Semitko S.P. Metody rentgenjendovaskuljarnoj hirurgii v lechenii ostrogo infarkta miokarda u bol'nyh starshego
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Abstract: Literature report provides a critical analysis of the literature on the use of multislice computec tomography (MSCT) as an alternative to conventional autopsy in forensic examination in case of sudden death associated with target-organ damage in arterial hypertension (AH). The review was made using Internet resources: Scientific Electronic Library (elibrary), SciVerse (ScienceDirect), Scopus, PubMed, and Discover. The review includes only those articles that discuss both advantages and limitations of MSCT in the posthumous forensic sudden death of adults. During analysis of the available literature, authors discuss the problem of posthumous use of MSCT imaging in arterial hypertension complications: myocardial infarction, brain stroke, aneurysm rupture and separation of the aortic wall. Authors tried to answer the question about possibilities of posthumous MSCT as an alternative to the traditional autopsy Conclusion: native MSCT is suitable for imaging of intracranial hemorrhage and differential diagnosis of traumatic brain injury Method is suitable with restrictions for diagnosis of ischemic strokes, aneurysms and aortic dissection. Possibilities of native MSCT in the diagnosis of sudden death associated with the pathology of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism is significantly limited. Using postmortem CTA, extends method in the diagnosis of lesions of the coronary arteries, aorta and pulmonary artery. The main advantage of MSCT in the posthumous sudden death - the possibility of visualizing hidden mechanical damage in case of failure of the autopsy relatives. References 1. Sudebnaja medicina i sudebno-medicinskaja jekspertiza: nacional'noe rukovodstvo [Forensic medicine and forensic examination: national leadership.]. Pod red. Ju. I. Pigolkina. M.: Gjeotar-Media, 2014;.664-679 [In Russ]. 2. Rukovodstvo po sudebnoj medicine [Guide to Forensics.]. Pod red. V. N. Krjukova, I. V. Buromskogo. M.:OAO Izdatel'stvo Norma. 2014; 364-371[In Russ]. 3. Thali M. J., Yen K., Schweitzer W., Vock P., Boesch C.,Ozdoba C., Schroth G., Ith M., Sonnenschein M., Doernhoefer T., Scheurer E., Plattner T., Dirnhofer R. Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a feasibility study. J. Forensic Sci. 2003; 48 (2): 386-403. 4. Levy A.D., Harcke H.T., Mallak C.T. Postmortem imaging: MDCT features of postmortem change and decomposition. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 2010 Mar; 31(1):12-7. 5. Grabherr S., Djonov V., Friess A., Thali M.J., Ranner G., Vock P., Dirnhofer R. Postmortem angiography after vascular perfusion with diesel oil and a lipophilic contrast agent. AJR. Am. J. Roentgenol. 187 (5): W515-23. 6. Jackowski C., Persson A., Thali M.J. Whole body postmortem angiography with a high viscosity contrast agent solution using poly ethylene glycol as contrast agent dissolver. J.Forensic.Sci. 2008;53(2):465-8. 7. Murakami T., Uetani M., Ikematsu K., Nagasaki J.P. Postmortem CT in emergency deparment: Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. European Society of Radiology. EPOS. C-1440. 8. Shiotani S., Kohno M., Ohashi N., Yamazaki K., Itai Y Postmortemintravascularhigh-densityfluidlevel (hypostasis): CTfindings. J. ComputAssistTomogr. 2002 NovDec; 26(6):892-3. 9. Yamazaki K., Shiotani S., Ohashi N., Doi M., Honda K. Hepatic portal venous gas and hyper-dense aortic wall as postmortem computed tomography finding. LegMed (Tokyo). 2003 Mar; 5Suppl 1:S338-41. 10. Shiotani S., Kohno M., Ohashi N., et al. Hyperattenuating aortic wall on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT). Radiat. Med. 2002; 20(4): 201-6. 11. Christe A., Flach P., Ross S., Spendlove D., Bol- liger S., Vock P., Thali M.J. Clinical radiology and postmortem imaging (Virtopsy) are not the same: Specific and unspecific postmortem signs. LegMed (Tokyo). 2010 Sep;12(5):215-22. 12. Takahashi N., Satou C., Higuchi T., Shiotani M., Maeda H., Hirose Y Quantitative analysis of brain edema and swelling on early postmortem computed tomography: comparison with antemortem computed tomography. Jpn. J. Radiol. 2010 Jun;28(5):349-54. 13. Zerbini T., Ferrazda SilvaI L.F., Gongalves Ferro A.C., et al. Differences between postmortem computed tomography and conventional autopsy in a stabbing murder case. Clinics. 2014 SroPaulo Dec; 69:10. 14. Schnider J., Thali M. J., Ross S., Oesterhelweg L., Spendlove D., Bolliger S.A. Injuries due to Sharp trauma detected by post-mortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT): a feasibility study. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2009;11(1):4-9. 15. Cha J.G., Kim D.H., Kim D.H., Paik S.H., Park J.S., Park S.J., et al. Utility of postmortem autopsy via whole-body imaging: initial observations comparing MSCT and 3.0T MRI findings with autopsy findings. Korean J. Radiol. 2010;11(4)395-406. 16. Takahiro Z., Teruhiko T., Miyamoto M., Yamaguchi S., Endo T., Inaba H. Intravascular gas in multipleorgans detected by postmortem computed tomography: effect of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation on organ damage in patient swith cardiopulmonary arrest. Jpn. J. Radiol. 2011; 29(2):148-51. 17. Shiotani S., Kohno M., Ohashi N., Atake S., Yamazaki K., Nakayama H. Cardiovascular gas on non-traumatic post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT): thein- fluence of cardiopulmonaryre suscitation. Radiat. Med. 2005 Jun;23(4):225-9. 18. Pedal I., Moosmayer A. Mallach H.J., et al. Air embolism or putrefaction? Gas analysis ndings and their interpretation. Z. Rechtsmed. 1987;99:151-67. 19. Patzelt D., Lignitz E., Keil W., et al. Diagnostic problem of air embolism in acorpse. Beitr Gerichtl Med. 1997;37:401-5. 20. Ruder T.D., Ross S., Preiss U., Thali M.J. Minimally invasive post-mortem CT-angiography in a case involving a gunshot wound. LegMed (Tokyo). 2010;12(2):57-112. 21. Ward A. Forensic radiology: The role of crosssectional imaging in virtual post-mortem examinations Joshua Higginbotham-Jones. Radiography. 2014; 1(20): 87-90. 22. Pohlsgaard C., Leth PM. Post-mortem CT-coronary angiography. Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science. 2007;13:8-9. 23. Grabherr S.
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Abstract: Purpose. Was to investigate ability of videodensitometry for assessment the effect of renal artery stenosis on parenchymal perfusion. Materials and methods. Аngiographic data of 97 patients with and 55 patients without renal artery stenosis were analyzed by means of videodensitometry, using «Multivox» software. All patients underwent renal arteries duplex ultrasound and kidneys ultrasound examination. Levels of blood pressure and kidney function as a clinical signs of renovascular hypertension were assessed. Risk factors of kidney parenchymal injury such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases were monitored. Results. Videodensitometric analysis allows to detect statistically significant differences in parenchymal perfusion between kidneys with and without renal artery stenosis. A grade of changes in parenchymal perfusion correlates with angiographicaly measured degree of renal artery stenosis and renal artery blood flow velocity. Conclusion. Videodensitometric perfusion parameters can be used to assess the effect of renal artery stenosis on parenchymal blood flow. Thus, videodensitometry extends diagnostic capability of angiographic study. References 1. Hansen K.J. et al. Prevalence of renovascular desease in eldery. А populaton based study. J. Vasc. Surg. 2002; 36: 443–451. 2. Safian R.D., Textor S.C. Renal artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 431–442. 3. Rihal C.S. et al. Incedental renal artery stenosis among a prospective cohort of hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography. May. Clin. Proc. 2002; 77:309–316. 4. Olin J.W. et al. Prevalence of atherosclerotic RAS in patients with atherosclerosis else-where. Am. J. Med. 1990; 88: 46–51. 5. Galaria I.I. et al. Percutaneous and open renal revascularizations have equivalent long-term functional outcomes. Ann. Vasc. Surgery. 2005; 19 (2): 218–228.
6. Weibull H. et al. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty versus surgical reconstruction of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. А prospective randomized study.J. Vasc. Surg. 1993; 18: 841–850. 7. Murphy T.P. et al. Increase of utilization of percutaneous renal artery interventions. Am.J. of Roentgenol. 2004; 183: 561–568. 8. Wheatley K. et al. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal artery stenosis. N.Engl. J. Med. 2009; 361: 1953–1962. 9. Rocha-Singh K.J. et al. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: Intervention for Renal Artery Disease. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2873–2878. 10. Волынский Ю.Д., Кириллов М.Г., Шамалов Н.А. и др. Анализ экстра- и интракраниальной гемодинамики с помощью метода рентгеноденситометрии. Спец. выпуск «Инсульт». Ж. невр. и псих. им. С.С.Корсакова. 2007; 243. 11. Meier P., Zierler K.L. On the theory of the indicator-dilution method for measurement of blood flow and volume. J. Appl. Physiol. 1954; 12: 731–744.
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Abstract: Aneurism of the splenic artery is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition. In the majority of patients with an aneurism of unpaired visceral arteries the endovascular procedure is a treatment of choice. Of them stent graft implantation is considered as the most promising method. However, until recent only balloon-dilated stent grafts were used. Due to a rigid delivering system this type of grafts cannot be implanted in distal branches of visceral arteries, that is significant limitation of this technique. Technological advances and developing of low-profile soft self-expanding grafts allow overcoming this limitation. New type of grafts opens the possibility to exclude aneurisms even in conditions of marked vessel tortuosity and complex vascular anatomy Conclusion: stent-graft implantation is an effective and safe method of treatment of splenic artery false aneurisms. This method allows to reliably exclude an aneurism from the circulation and is not associated with increased risk of thrombotic complications. Modern low-profile soft self-expanding grafts open new possibility in treatment of visceral arteries aneurisms even in conditions of marked vessel tortuosity and complex vascular anatomy. References 1. Pokrovskij A.V. Zabolevanija aorty i ee vetvej. M. Medicina. 1979; 324 [In Russ]. 2. Nosher J.L., Chung J., Brevetti L.S. et al. Visceral and renal artery aneurysms: a pictorial essay on endovascular therapy. RadioGraphics. 2006; 26: 1687-1704. 3. Hossain A., Reis E.D., Dave S.P. et al. Visceral artery aneurysms: experience in a tertiary-care center. Am Surgr. 2001; 67(5): 432-437. 4. Stanley J.C., Fry W.J. Pathogenesis and clinical significance of splenic artery aneurysms. Surgery. 1974; 76: 898-899. 5. Messina L.M., Shanley C.J. Visceral artery aneurysms. Surg. Clin. North. Am. 1997; 77: 425-442. 6. Meng WC.S., Chan M., Lau W.Y., Li A.K.C. Splanchnic aneurysms. H. K M. J 1995; 1(2): 173-177. 7. Lai R., Mallery S. Primary splenic artery aneurysm diagnosed by EUS. Visible Human Journal of Endosonography. 2002; 4(1): 2-3. 8. Kemmeter P., Bonnell B., VanderKolk W. et al. Percutaneous thrombin injection of splanchnic artery aneurysms: two case reports. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2000; 11(4): 469-472. 9. Kasirajan K., Greenberg R.K., Clair D., Ouriel K. Endovascular management of visceral artery aneurysm. J. Endovasc. Ther. 2001; 8: 150-155. 10. Janzen R.M., Simpson W.T. Visceral artery aneurysm. C. J. S. - 2004; 43(4): 301-302. 11. Ikeda O., Tamura Y., Nakasone Y. et al. Coil embolization of pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms associated with coeliac artery stenosis: report of three cases. Cardiovasc. Intern Radiol. 2007; 30: 504-507. 12. Chino O., Kijama H., Shibuya M. et al. A case report: spontaneous rupture of dissecting aneurysm of the middle colic artery. Tokai. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2004; 29(4): 155-158. 13. Babadzhanov B.R., Husainov B.R., Juldashev G.Ju. Anevrizma selezenochnoj arterii kak prichina segmentarnoj vnepechenochnoj portal'noj gipertenzii [Splenic artery aneurism as a cause of anhepatic segmentary portal hypertension]. Klinicheskaja hirurgija. 1989; 9: 62-63 [In Russ]. 14. Gavrilenko A.V. Hirurgicheskoe lechenie hronicheskoj abdominal'noj ishemii: Dis. dokt. med. nauk. M., 1990 [In Russ]. 15. Lishenko A.N., Ermakov E.A., Shalaginov S.I., Gofman A.V. Razryv anevrizmy selezenochnoj arterii [Splenic artery aneurism rupture]. Hirurgija. 2005; 7: 58-59 [In Russ]. 16. Pokrovskij A.V. Klinicheskaja angiologija: Rukovodstvo v 2-h tomah. M. Medicina. 2004;2: 117-128 [In Russ]. 17. Stanley J.C., Wakefield T.W., Graham L.M. et al. Clinical importance and management of splanchnic artery aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 1986; 3: 836-840. 18. Tochii M., Ogino H., Sasaki H. et al. Successful surgical treatment for aneurysm of splenic artery with anomalous origin. Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2005; 11(5). 346-349. 19. Wagner W.H., Allins A.D., Treiman R.L. et al. Ruptured visceral artery aneurysms. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1997; 11(4): 342-347. 20. Weber C.H., Pfeifer K.J., Tato F. et al. Transcatheter coil embolization of an aneurysm of the pancreatico-duodenal artery with occluded celiac trunk. Cardiovasc. Intern Radiol. 2005; 2: 259-261. 21. Karaman K., Onat L., Sirvanci M., Olga R. Endovascular stent graft treatment in a patient with splenic artery aneurysm. Diagn. Interv. Radiol. 2005; 11: 119-121. 22. Jibiki M., Inoue Y., Iwai T. et al. Treatment of three pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms associated with coeliac artery occlusion and splenic artery aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2005; 29(2): 213-217. 23. Porcu P., Marongiu G.M., Bacciu P.P. Aneurysms of the celiac artery: case report and review of the literature . J. Mal. Vasc. 2002; 27(2): 88-92. 24. Pulcini G., D’Adda F., Lanzi S. et al. Aneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery. Ann. Ital. Chir. 2002; 73(2): 129-136. 25. Sakai H., Urasawa K., Oyama N., Kitabatake A. Successful covering of a hepatic artery aneurysm with a coronary stent-graft. Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. 2004; 27: 274-277. 26. Duncan A.A. Median arcuate ligament syndrome. Curr. Treat. Options. Cardiovasc. Med. 2008; 10(2): 112-116. 27. Gandini R., Pipitone V., Konda D. et al. Endovascular treatment of a giant superior mesenteric artery pseudoaneurysm using a nitinol stent-graft. Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. 2005;1: 102-106. 28. Grego F.G., Lepidi S., Ragazzi R. et al. Visceral artery aneurysms: a single center experience. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2003; 11(1): 19-25. 29. Troickij A.V., Bobrovskaja A.N., Orehov PJu. i dr. Uspeshnoe chreskozhnoe jendovaskuljarnoe lechenie razryva anevrizmy bedrennoj arterii [Succesfull endovascular treatment femoral artery aneurism rupture]. Angiologija i sosudistaja hirurgija. 2005; 11(1): 53-57 [In Russ]. 30. Chen F., Kriegshauser L.S., Huettl E.A., Roberts C.C. Percutaneous thrombin injection for treatment of a splenic artery aneurysm. Radiology. 2006; 1(1): 13-16. 31. Cope C., Zeit R. Coagulation of aneurysms by direct percutaneous thrombin injection . A.J.R 1986; 147: 383-387. 32. Guillon R., Garcier J.M., Abergel A. et al. Management of splenic artery aneurysms and false aneurysms with endovascular treatment in 12 patients . Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. 2003; 26: 256-260. 33. Jenssen G.L., Wirsching J., Pedersen G. et al. Treatment of a hepatic artery aneurysm by endovascular stent-grafting. Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. 2007; 30: 523-525. 34. Hyun-Ki Y., Mats L., Petr U. et al. Stent-graft repair of a splenic artery aneurysm. Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. 2001; 24: 200-203. 35. Garg A., Banait S., Babhad S. et al. Endovascular treatment of pseudoaneurysm of the common hepatic artery with intra-aneurysmal glue (N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate) embolization. Cardiovasc. Intern Radiol. 2007; . 30: 999-1002. 36. Gabelmann A., Gorich J., Merkle E.M. Endovascular treatment of visceral artery aneurysm J. Endovasc. Ther. 2002; 9: 38-47.
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Abstract: This report touches upon the pressing problem of endocardial leads removal. It is essential to free the leads safely and effectively of fibrous depositions on contact points of venous walls or cardiac structures. Main principles of retrieval are contratraction and contra0 pressure. Authors present a comprehensive review of all existing lead removal techniques, from simple traction to active extraction device application, discussing clinical efficiency, indications and possible complications of each method. Active extraction systems are declared to be most advantageous. References 1. BrugadaJ., Vardas P., Wolpert C. The Current Status of Cardiac Electrophysiology in ESC Member Countries. The EHRA White Book. 2009; 4-427. 2. Бокерия Л.А., Ревишвили А.Ш., Дубровский И.А. и др. Интервенционное и хирургическое лечение нарушений ритма сердца. М.: Российская и европейская базы данных. НЦССХ им. А.И. Бакулева РАМН.2007; 3-32. 3. Path to growth. Cardiac Lead Removal System. Spectranetics annual report 2004. Colorado Springs. 2005. 4. Imparato A., Kim G.E. Electrode complications in patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers. Arch. Surg. 1972; 105: 705-710. 5. Myers M.R., Parsonnet V., Bernstein A.D. Extraction of implanted transvenous pacing leads: a review of a persistent clinical problem. Am. Heart. J. 1991; 121: 881-888. 6. Byrd C.L. et al. Lead extraction: indications and techniques. Cardiol. lin. 1992; 10: 735-748. 7. Hayes D.L. Extraction of permanent pacing leads. There are still controversies in Editorial. Eur. Heart.J. 1996; 75 (6): 539. 8. Furman S. et al. Retained pacemaker leads. J.Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1987; 94: 770-771. 9. Bellot P.H. Introduction. Endocardial lead extraction. A videotape and manual. Armonk. Futura. Pub. 1998; 3-11. 10. Sonnhag C., Walfridsson H. Extraction of chronically infected pacemaker leads: two cases with serious complications. Pacing. Clin. Electrophysiol. 1989; 12: 1204. 11. Lee M.E., Chaux A., Matloff J.M. Avulsion of a tricuspid valve leaflet during traction on an infected, entrapped endocardial pacemaker electrode.J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1977; 74: 433-435. 12. Jarvinen A., Harjula A., Verkkala K. Intrathoracic surgery for retained endocardial electrodes. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc Surg. 1986; 34: 94-97. 13. Shennib H. et al. The non-extractable tined endocardial pacemaker lead. Can. J. Cardiol. 1989; 5: 305-307. 14. Bellot P.H. Endocardial Lead Extraction. In Cardiac pacing for the clinician. Eds. Kusumoto M., Goldschlager N.F. Springer. 2008; 280-281. 15. Porstman N.W., Wierny L., Warnke H. Closure of persistent ductus arteriosus without thoracotomy. German. Med. Monthly. 1967; 12: 1. 16. Massumi R.A., Ross A.N. Atraumatic nonsurgical technique for removal of broken catheters from the cardiac cavities. Med. Intel. 1967; 277: 195. 17. Fearnot N.E. et al. Intravascular lead extraction using locking stylets, sheaths, and other techniques. Pacing. Clin. Electrophysiol. 1990; 13: 1864-1870. 18. Sutton R., Bourgeois I. The foundation of cardiac pacing: an illustrated
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Abstract: Aim: was to identify relationship between risk factors (RF) and severity of coronary artery (CA) defeat in patients, hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), without the presence of ishemic heart disease (IHD) earlier. Materials and methods: the research includes 201 patients, who were hospitalized to N.V Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine from february 2011 to apri 2012 with the diagnosis «ACS». Main criteria of patients selection was the absence of IHD clinics in past. All patients underwent coronarography, obtained data was fixed in data base. At the time of arrival to hospital - risk factors were determined. To identify relationship between RF and CA defeat - statistic analyzes were made: the number of defeated CA (1,2 or 3); severity of CA defeat was measured with Syntax Score (SS) Scale (<22 and >22 points); praesence or absence of acute occlusion of CA of infarction zone. Results: research consisted of 149 male (74,1%) and 52(25,9%) female, mean age of all patients was 56,6±10,6 yrs. ACS with elevation of ST-segment was diagnosed in 136 (67,7%) of patients. Haemodynamic significant stenosis (HSS) of 1, 2 or 3 CA were found in 56 (27,9%), 61 (30,4%) and 64 (30,8%) respectively In 20 (10%) patients - there was no HSS. Acute thrombotic occlusion (ATO) in myocardial infarction related(MI-related) CA was revealed in 146 (72,6%) of patients. It was noted, tht such RF as arterial hypertention (AH), smoking, low physical activity (LPA), was more spread with increasing numer of defeated CA. Patients with lot of defeated CA, were older, had higher figures of systolic arterial pressure (SAP). After examination and primary analysis, only age and number of RF had independent relation with prevalence of CA defeat. Patients with SS >22 points in comparison with patients <22 points, had higher AP, obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and more ofted had lack of fruits and vegetables. Also they were older had higher SAP, more RF. Analysis showed that only AH, DM, and age had independent relation with savere CA defeat (Syntax Score >22 points). Patients with ATO of CA, had higher such RF as smoking, LPA, DM. They also had more RF. After analysis - smoking and LPA were independently connected with ATO. Conclution: such RF as age, AH, DM, LPA and number of combined RF in patient can have independent relation with volume and prevalence of CA defeat. Smoking and LPA can have relation with ATO, with clinics of ST-elevated ACS and macrofocal MI. Obtained data show necessity of inlarged reseach for a broad understanding og RF in connection with coronary atherosclerosis and thrombosis. All that can increase effectiveness of treatment and prophylaxis of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. References 1. Ford E.S., Ajani U.A., Croft J.B., et al. Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 19802000. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356: 2388-2398. 2. Kesteloot H., Sans S., Kromhout D., Dynamics of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Western and Eastern Europe between 1970 and 2000. Eur. Heart. J. 2006; 27: 107-113. 3. Беленков Ю.Н., Оганов РГ. Кардиология. Национальное руководство. Геотар-медиа. 2007: 37-52. Belenkov Ju.N., Oganov R.G.; Kardiologija. Nacional'noe rukovodstvo [Cardiology. National recommendations.] Geotar-mediaju. 2007: 37-52 [In Russ]. 4. John G. Canto, Catarina I. Kiefe., William J. Rogers., Eric D. Peterson, et al. Number of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and Mortality in Patients With First Myocardial Infarction JAMA, November 16, 2011: Vol 306, No.19.) 5. Kappetein A.P, Feldman T.E., Mack M.J., et al. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial. Eur. Heart J. 2011;32: 2125-2134. 6. Frederick G. Kushner, Mary Hand, Sidney C. Smith, Jr, Spencer B. King, et al. 2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update): A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;54;2205-2241; originally published online Nov 18, 2009; doi: 10.1016/ j.jacc.2009.10.015. 7. Голощапов-Аксенов РС., Жамгырчиев Ш.Т., Терновых М.В., Лебедев А.В., Обидин А.В. 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Circulation. 1994; 89(5): 1974-1981. 15. Saleem T., Mohammad K.H., Abdel-Fattah M.M., Abbasi A.H. Association of glycosylated haemoglobin level and diabetes mellitus duration with the severity of coronary artery disease. Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 2008; 5(3): 184-189. 16. Zornitzki T., Ayzenberg O., Gandelman G., et al. Diabetes, but not the metabolic syndrome, predicts the severity and extent of coronary artery disease in women. QJM. 2007; 100(9): 575-581. 17. Mehta L., Devlin W., McCulloughPA., et al. Impact of body mass index on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 2007; 99(7): 906-910. 18. Rubinshtein R., Halon D.A., Jaffe R., Shahla J., Lewis B.S. Relation between obesity and severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006; 97(9): 1277-1280. 19. Phillips S.D., Roberts W.C. Comparison of body mass index among patients with versus without angiographic coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2007; 100(1): 18-22. 20. Wessel T.R., Arant C.B., Olson M.B., et al. Relationship of physical fitness vs body mass index with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2004; 292(10): 1179-1187 21. Niraj A., Pradhan J., Fakhry H., Veeranna V., Afonso L. Severity of coronary artery disease in obese patients undergoing coronaroangiography: «obesity paradox» revisited. Clin. Cardiol. 2007; 30(8): 391-396. 22. O’Callaghan PA., Fitzgerald A., Fogarty J., et al. New and old cardiovascular risk factors: C-reactive protein, homocysteine, cysteine and von Willebrand factor increase risk, especially in smokers. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 2005; 12(6): 542-547 23. Peer A., Falkensammer G., Alber H., et al. Limited utilities of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT- pro BNP) and other newer risk markers compared with traditional risk factors for prediction of significant angiographic lesions in stable coronary artery disease. Heart. 2009; 95(4): 297-303. 24. AHA. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2008 update. American Heart Association. Availableat: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml? identifier 3000090. Accessed February 18, 2009. 25. Nemetz PN., Roger V.L., Ransom J.E., Bailey K.R., Edwards W.D., Leibson C.L. Recent trends in the prevalence of coronary disease: a population-based autopsy study of non natural deaths. Arch. Intern. Med. 2008; 168: 264 -270 26. Roger V.L., Go A.S., Lloyd-Jones D.M., Adams R.J., Berry J.D., et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011; 123: 18-209. 27. 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Abstract: Aim: was to estimate possibilities of the clinically developed method of diagnostic phlebography among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent varicocele. Materials and methods: phlebography was performed on 44 patients with left-sided varicocele . 24 of them have newly diagnosed varicocele and other 20 patients have recurrent varicocele. The age of patients varies from 12 to 48 years. During phlebographic studies the clinically developed method of diagnostic phlebography was applied to all patients. This method is based on the application of obturating balloon catheter installed in left internal spermatic vein. Results: as a result of the study, structural features of left internal spermatic vein were revealed among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent varicocele. Also, angioarchitecture variants of external spermatic vein and its hemodynamic features were defined. The pelvic venous basin angiographic characters of hemodynamic disorders were marked. Conclusions: the phlebotesticulography through left internal spermatic vein balloon obturation gives the opportunity to get full information about left testis' venous circulation architecture and hemodynamics. The obtained information allows to choose both traditional methods of surgical treatment and inter-venous anastomosis microsurgery. References 1. Artjuhin A.A. Fundamental'nye osnovy sosudistoj andrologii [Fundamental basics of vascular andrology]. M.: Akademija. 2008; 222 S [In Russ]. 2. Kondakov V.T., Pykov M.I. Varikocele[Varicocele]. M. 2000; 91S [In Russ]. 3. Strahov S.N. Varikoznoe rasshirenie ven grozdevidnogo spletenija i semennogo kanatika (varikocele) [Varicose veins of uviform plexus and spermatic cord (varicocele)] M. 200; 234S [In Russ]. 4. Kim V.V., Kazimirov V.G. Anatomo-funkcional'noe obosnovanie operativnogo lechenija varikocele[Anatomic-functional justifications of operative treatment of varicocele]. M: Medpraktika. 2008; 112S [In Russ]. 5. Kulikov Ju.S. O patogeneze varikocele [About pathogenesis of varicocele.]. Urologija i nefrologija. 1970; 6: 39-43[In Russ]. 6. Stepanov V.N., Kadyrov Z.A. Diagnostika i lechenie varikocele [Diagnostics and treatment of varicocele]. M: 2001; 3-206 [In Russ]. 7. Garbuzov R.V., Poljaev Ju.A., Petrushin A.V. Arteriovenoznye konflikty i varikocele u podrostkovn [Arteriovenous conflicts and varicocele in teen]. Diagnosticheskaja i intervencionnaja radiologija. 2010; 4 (3) 31-36 [In Russ]. 8. Coolsaet B.I. The varicocele sindrom: venography determining the optimal level surgical management J. Urol. 1980; 124: 833-834. 9. Bomalaski M.D., Mills J., Argueso L.R., et al. Iliac vien compression syndrome: an unusual case of varicocele. J. Vasc. Surg. 1993; 18(6): 1064-1068. 10. Osipov N.G., Obel'chak I.S. Sposob diagnosticheskoj flebografii pri varikocele. Patent na izobretenie №24890 12.08.2011 [Method of diagnostic phlebography in patients with varicocele. Patent on invention №24890 12.08.2011] [In Russ].
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Article exists only in Russian.
Abstract: An important clinical challenge the management of patients with pulmonary embolism is to determine prognosis of the treatment generally, and thrombolytic reperfusion therapy as the main component of a specific pathogenetic treatment in particular. This knowledge is necessary to adjust the plan of remedial measures, the intensification of concomitant pharmacotherapy and provide a personalized approach to patients with thromboembolic lesions of the pulmonary circulation Aim: was to identify reliable predictors of the onset of reperfusion in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism based on methods of radiographic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: 138 patients (73 women and 65 men) underwent examination. Age of patients ranged from 20 to 80 years (mean age 55±25 years). The first group includes observation of 102 patients admitted to hospital in early stages of disease ( 1 month after onset of symptoms). The second group consisted of 36 patients admitted to the hospital at a later date (from 1.5 to 12 months). In groups we studied predictors of pulmonary reperfusion channel on the basis of direct angiography and multislice computed tomography As a control, a diagnostic method used direct angiography, which has a high sensitivity and specificity in identifying symptoms of pulmonary embolism. Using the method of multiple logistic regression odds ratios were prepared to achieve reperfusion in patients with certain diagnostic symptoms compared with patients who have no signs data in angiography Results: diagnostic criteria, in presence of which on angio-pulmonography significantly increased the likelihood of reperfusion are «amputation» of segmental branches of the pulmonary artery ( p<0.05, 16,55(6,50-42,09 ) ), intraluminal defects of contrast staining (p < 0.05, 30.56 (8,66-107,84)) and the absence of distal blood flow (p<0,05; 6,16(2,47-15,40)). Signs, significantly reducing chances of achieving reperfusion are tortuosity of segmental branches of the pulmonary artery (p<0,05; 0,03(0,01-0,08)), slowing of contrast branches of the pulmonary artery (p<0,05; 0,11( 0.05-0.25)), and the presence of defects in the near-wall staining (p<0,05; 73,182 (9,606-557,542)). Conclusions: basing on results of modern beam-diagnostics may reliably predict the likelihood of reperfusion in patients with pulmonary embolism. Список литературы: 1. Котельников М.В. Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (современные подходы к диагностике и лечению). М.: Медицина. 2002; 136. 2. Рекомендации Европейского Кардиологического Общества (ЕКО) по диагностике и лечению тромбоэмболии легочной артерии (ТЭЛА). European Heart Journal. 2008; 29: 2276-2315. 3. Darryl Y. Sue, MD (ed.): Pulmonary Disease. In Frederic S. 4. Kline JA, 5. Grifoni S., Olivotto I. et al. Short-term clinical outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism, normal blood pressure, and echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2000; 101: 2817-2822. 6. Kreit J.W. The impact of right ventricular dysfunction on the prognosis and therapy of normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism. Chest. 2004; 125: 1539-1545. 7. Савельев В.С., Яблоков Е.Г, Кириенко А.И., Массивная эмболия легочных артерий. М.: Медицина. 1990; 336
Abstract: Acute traumatic aortic rupture is associated with extremely high mortality and requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: patient P, 33 years 28.12.2013, fall from a height of 5 floors. On the day of admittion to hospital he was hospitalized to the reanimation department with a diagnosis of «multiple trauma, traumatic shock». For nearest hours after admission MSCT of head, neck, chest organs, abdomen and pelvis were performed. Results: in series of images of the head and neck revealed multiple fractures of facial bones anc skull base, hemo-sinus. MSCT chest without contrast enhancement: expanding boundaries revealed the presence of the upper mediastinum content density of 65 Hounsfield units (Ed.N) around the arch and descending aorta, in tissues of the posterior mediastinum. Volume of about 35 cm3 - in the pericardial cavity, ribs on the left with a displacement of fragments, left-sided hemothorax (260 cm3). During examination of abdomen and pelvis in the native phase: in subhepatic space in the liver portal, volume of about 50 cm3 with density of blood multiple fractures of the pelvis. CT with contrast-enhanced bolus revealed uneven expansion in the thoracic aorta isthmus length of 60 mm, with the presence at this level of linear structures intraluminal wall surface (wall laceration), and a narrow zone of extravasation of the contrast agent on the inner contour of the aorta. At the lever portal detected delimited zone of active extravasation of contrast material as a result of breaking its proper hepatic artery which is essentially as a thrombosis of pseudoaneurysm with zone of thrombosis around the periphery and subcapsular rupture of the left lobe of the liver Ultrasound examination - left-sided hydrothorax, echo signs of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, liver hematoma in the area of the portal, diffuse changes in kidneys («shock» kidney). Patient underwent primary surgical dressing of face wounds, osteosynthesis of right femur with external fixation device (EFD). Endoprothesis of descending thoracic aorta was performed 29.12.2013. After implantation of the prothesis, celiacography was performed, in which in liver portal, in the place of proper hepatic artery division to the right and left hepatic artery - large-size false aneurysm was revealed. CT scanning, performed on the 5th day after aortic replacement: there are signs of segmental atelectasis of the lower lobe of the left lung, minimum infiltrative changes in fiber anterior mediastinum, hematoma of the posterior mediastinum (31 cm3. Previously was 191 cm3), and hemopericardium (15 cm3 compared with 35 cm3) In the process of dynamic observation, it was found that up to 30 days, false aneurysm of proper hepatic artery increased in size, in this regard, the patient was operated on 24.01.14. Follow-up CT scan with contrast enhancement: branches of the hepatic artery are well visualized, artery aneurysm is not defined 12.02.14, was the dismantling of EFD and manufactured fixation of the right femur pin. After 65 days after the injury and the start of treatment the patient was discharged under the supervision of the surgeon and cardiologist in the community. References 1. Andreeva T.M. Travmatizm v Rossiyskoy Federatsii na osnove dannykh statistiki FGU «TsITO im. N.N. Priorova Rosmedtekhnologiy». [Traumatism in the Russian Federation on the basis of statistical data of FGU «TsITO im. N.N. Priorova Rosmedtekhnologiy»]. Electronic scientific journal «Social aspects of health of the population». 2010; № 4(16). [In Russ] 2. Kolesnikov E.S. Kliniko-epidemiologicheskaya kharakteristika tyazheloy sochetannoy kranio-torakalnoy travmy v krupnom promyshlennom tsentre. Avtoreferat. Diss. kand. tekh. nauk [The kliniko-epidemiologic characteristic of a severe combined kranio-thoracic trauma in the large industrial center: Abstract Dr. techn.sci.diss.]. Omsk. 2009: 23. [In Russ]. 3. Asif Huda Ansari, Ahmed S. Ahmed, Navin P. Lal. Traumatic aortic injury: a case report. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery. 2009;15(6):621-623. 4. Victor X. Mosquera, Milagros Marini, Javier Muniz et al. Blunt traumatic aortic injuries of the ascending aorta and aortic arch: A clinical multicentre study. Injury, Int. J. Care Injured. 2013; (44): 1191-1197. 5. Kaavya N. Reddy, Tim Matatov, Linda D. Doucet et al. Grading system modification and management of blunt aortic injury. Chinese Medical Journal. 2013;126 (3):442-445. 6. Дж. Э. Тинтиналли, РЛ. Кроум, Э. Руиз. Неотложная медицинская помощь. Перевод с англ. В.И. Кандрора, М.В. Неверовой, А.В. Сучкова, А.В. Низового, Ю.Л. Амченкова; М.:Медицина. 2001; 334. 7. Dzh. E. Tintinalli, R.L. Kroum, E. Ruiz. Neotlozhnaya meditsinskaya pomoshch'. Perevod s angl. V.I. Kandrora, M.V. Neverovoy, A.V. Suchkova, A.V. Nizovogo, Yu.L. Amchenkova [Emergency medicine]. 8. Jun Woo Cho, M.D., Oh Choon Kwon, M.D., Sub Lee, M.D., Jae Seok Jang, M.D. Traumatic Aortic Injury: Singlecenter Comparison of Open versus Endovascular Repair. Korean J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2012;45:390-395. 9. Estrera A.L., Miller C.C., Salinas-Guajardo G., Coogan S.M. et al. Update on blunt thoracic aortic injury: 15-year single-institution experience. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2012; doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.074. [Epub ahead of print]. 10. O’Conor C.E. Diagnosing traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta in the emergency department. Emerg. Med. J. 2004; 21:414-419. 11. Panagiotis N. Symbas, Andrew J. Sherman, Jeffery M. Silver et al. Traumatic Rupture of the Aorta Immediate or Delayed Repair? Ann. Surg. Jun. 2002; 235(6): 796-802. 12. Троицкий А.В., Хабазов РИ., Лысенко Е.Р, Беляков Г.А., Грязнов О.Г., Соловьева Е.Д., Азарян А.С. Первый опыт гибридных операций при торакоабдоминальных аневризмах аорты. Диагностическая и интервенционная Радиология. 2010; 4(1): 53-66. 13. Troickij A.V., Habazov R.I., Lysenko E.R., Beljakov G.A., Grjaznov O.G., Solov'eva E.D., Azarjan A.S. Pervyj opyt gibridnyh operacij pri torakoabdominal'nyh anevrizmah aorty[Thoracoabdominal aneurysms: first experience of operation]. Diagnosticheskaja i intervencionnaja Radiologija. 2010; 4(1): 53-66 [In Russ]. 14. Woodring J.H. The normal mediastinum in blunt traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta and brachiocephalic arteries. J. Emerg. Med. 1990; 8: 467-476.
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Abstract: Aim: was to evaluate efficiency of stents-grafts in treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Materials and methods: for the period of 2001-2012 implantation of stent-grafts was performedm 10 patients with cerebral aneurysms. Indications for implantation: huge or giant aneurysms; wide«neck» of aneurysm; difficult localization for neurosurgical techniques; absence of significant tortuosity of artery that could interfere successful stent delivery All patients underwent examination: MSCT-angiography, MRI, cerebral angiography To predict possible stent thrombosis we performed angiographic tests with pinching of pathological artery and contrasting of opposite artery Then we assessed blood-flow of anterior and posterior communicating arteries and also changes in neurological status. Unsatisfactory condition of collateral blood-flow - was not a contraindication for stenting. In 8 patient, aneurysms were localized in internal carotid artery, and in 2 patients in the vertebrobasilar artery In 3 cases implantation of stent-graft was proceeded in acute period of hemorrhage; that caused late disaggregant therapy (immediately after implantation, drugs were injected through nasogastric tube instead of 4-5 days of preoperative treatment). Results: exclusion of the aneurysm from the blood-flow was reached 100% of cases. In one case, implantation of micro-coils was necessary due to inability to cover the whole neck of the aneurysm because of tortuosity of artery In 1 case we had thrombosis of stent in vertebral artery with spreading of thrombosis on basilar artery with development of ischemic stroke and further death. Conclusion: use of stent-grafts for exclusion of huge and giant aneurysms from cerebral blood- flow is a highly effective method. References 1. Zeb M., McKenzie D.B., Scott P.A., Talwar S. Treatment of coronary aneurysms with covered stents: a review with illustrated case. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2012; 24 (9): 465-469. 2. Briguori C., Nishida T., Anzuini A. et al. Emergency polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation to treat coronary ruptures. Circulation. 2000; 102 (25): 30283031. 3. Saatci I,.Cekirge H.S., Ozturk M.H. et al. Treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms with a covered stent: experience in 24 patients with midterm follow-up results. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2004; 25 (10): 1742-1749. 4. Hirurgija anevrizm golovnogo mozga. V 3 tomah. T. 1. Pod red. V.V. Krylova [Brain aneurysms surgery. In three volumes. Vol. 1. Edited by V.V. Krylov]. Moscow. 2012; 432S [In Russ]. 5. Tissen T.P., Jakovlev S.B. Bocharov A.V. Buharin E.Ju. Ispol'zovanie stent-grafta v jendovaskuljarnoj nejrohirurgii. Voprosy nejrohirurgii im. N.N. Burdenko [The use of stent-graft in endovascular neurosurgery]. 2006; 2: 53-56. [In Russ]. 6. Vulev I., Klepanec A., Bazik R. et al. Endovascular treatment of internal carotid and vertebral artery aneurysms using a novel pericardium covered stent. Interv. Neuroradiol. 2012; 18 (2): 164-171. 7. Greenberg E., Katz J.M., Janardhan V. et al. Treatment of a giant vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm using stent grafts. Case report. J. Neurosurg. 2007; 107 (1): 165-168. 8. Li M.H., Li YD., Tan H.Q. et al. Treatment of distal internal carotid artery aneurysm with the willis covered stent: a prospective pilot study. Radiology. 2009; 253 (2): 470-477. 9. Chalouhi N., Tjoumakaris S., Gonzalez L.F. et al. Coiling of large and giant aneurysms: complications and long-term results of 334 cases. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2014; 35 (3): 546-452.
Abstract: Aim: was to estimate changes in architectonic and hemodynamics of left common iliac vein (lCIV), caused by its crossing with right common iliac artery (rCIA), in patients with varicocele according to data of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and contrast venography. Materials and methods: we analyzed results of CTA and contrast venography in the area of arte-riovenous crossing: 37 patients with newly diagnosed and 45 with recurrent varicocele. Analysis of topical changes was made on data of axial tomography, multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. Hemodynamic changes in lCIV, were determined by dynamic venogram and results of mesurement of pressure gradient between lCIV and vena cava inferior (VCI). Results: it was found that CTA is the most informative for visualizing of lCIV narrowing caused by its compression by rCIA. This is due to the possibility of obtaining a same contrasting imaging of vessels involved in arteriovenous «conflict». Multiple view scanning reconstruction revealed a correlation between size of the lumbosacral angle and the degree of compression of lCIV caused by arteriovenous conflict. CT angiography with the use of utility model, allowed to change the state of the arteriovenous crossing, showed compression instability Dynamic contrast venography showed angiographic features typical for lCIV compression, and also visualized venous collaterals that compensate blood-flow disorders. Conducting direct measurement of venous pressure gradient in compression area allowed us to estimate the degree of hemodynamic changes in lCIV and explore the mechanism of compression generated by pulsating blood flow of rCIA. Conclusions: severity of compression of lCIV at arteriovenous «conflict» is affected by constitutionally-static angle between L5-S1 vertebral bodies. Compression degree of lCIV is not constant and may vary depending on the patient's body position. Compression of lCIV promotes collateral blood flow through veins of sacral and external lumbar drainage. The more expressed compression of lCIV the more developed collateral blood flow in both drainage systems. Developed collaterals compensate hypertension caused by compression of lCIV Estimation of venous blood flow disorders, in case of varicocele, and choice of method of surgical treatment should be based on data from X-ray contrast studies and results of tensometry conducted at the area of arteriovenous «conflict» of lCIV. References 1. Strahov S.N. Varikoznoe rasshirenie ven grozdevidnogo spleteniya i semennogo kanatika (varikotsele) [Varicose of internal spermatic vein and spermatic cord (varicocele)]. M. 2001; 235S [In Russ]. 2. Stepanov V.N., Kadyirov Z.A. Diagnostika i lechenie varikotsele [Diagnostics and treatment of varicocele]. M., 2001; 200S[In Russ]. 3. Lopatkin N.A., Morozov A.V., Jitnikova L.N. Stenoz pochechnoy venyi [Stenosis of renal veins]. M.: Meditsina. 1984; 102 S [In Russ]. 4. Coolsaet B.L. The varicocele sindrom: venographi determining the optimal ievel for surgical management. J. Urol. 1980; 124: 833-834. 5. May R., Thurner J. The cause of predominantly sinistral occurrence of thrombosis of the pelvic veins. Minerva Cardioangiol. 1957; 3: 346-9. 6. Cockett F.B. Thomas M.L. Negus D. Iliac vein compression: its relation to iliofemoral thrombosis and the postthromdotic syndrome. BMJ. 1967; 2: 14-19. 7. Mazo E.B., Tirsi K.A., Andranovich S.V., Dmitriev D.G. Ultrazvukovoy test i skrotalnaya dopler-ehografiya v predoperatsionnoy diagnostike gemodinamicheskogo tipa varikotsele [Ultrasound test and doppler-echography of scrotum in preoperative diagnostics of hemodynamically type of varicocele]. Urologiya i nefrologiya 1999; 3: 22-26 [In Russ]. 8. Kim et al. Hemodynamic Investigation of the Left Renal Vein in Pediatric Varicocele. Doppler US, Venography and Pressure Measurements. Radiology. 2006; 241. 9. Garbuzov R.V., Polyaev YU.A., Petrushin A.V. Arteriovenoznyiy konflikt i varikotsele u podrostkov [Arteriovenous conflict and varicocele in teenagers] Diagnosticheskaya i iterventsionnaya radiologiya 2010; 4(3): 31-36 [In Russ]. 10. Kogan M.I., Afoko A., Tampuori D., Asanti-Asamani A., Pipchenko O.I. Varikotsele: protivorechiya problemyi [Varicocele: conflict issues.]. Urologiya 2009; 6: 67-72 [In Russ]. 11. Kadyirov Z.A. Varikotsele [Varicocele]. M., 2007; 269S [In Russ]. 12. Tager I.L. Rentgenodiagnostika zabolevaniy pozvonochnika [X-ray diagnostics in diseases of vertebral colums]. M., 1983; 208S [In Russ]. 13. Reynberg S.A. Rentgenodiagnostika zabolevaniy kostey i sustavov [X-ray diagnostics in diseases of bones and joints]. M., 1964; t. II: 188-189 [In Russ]. 14. Korolyuk I.P. Rentgenanatomicheskiy atlas skeletal [Atlas of X-ray anatomy of skeleton.]. M., 1994; 192S [In Russ].
Abstract: Article presents a case of successful re-stenting of the left subclavian artery with good medium-term outcome in 59 years patient with a return of symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to proximal fracture of previously implanted stent. The leading cause of stents destruction in the aortic arch branches are excessive mechanical load due to constant compression and/or vessel displacement, its compression due closeness of beating heart and movements of the shoulder girdle, which is likely had happened in our case - fracture of proximal segment. After analyzing the movement of vessels during the cardiac cycle, we found that stents in proximal aortic arch branches had been influenced mainly by bending, tension/compression. As a consequence - metal fatigue, which led it to the progressive destruction. Most stent fractures are asymptomatic, but in case of return of previous clinic - reintervention should be done. In this case, endovascular treatment is considered to be the method of first choice. References 1. Vilenskij B.S. Neotlozhnye sostoyaniya v nevrologii. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachej. [Emergencies in neurology. Guidelines for doctors]. SPb: Foliant. 2004; 512. 2. Gusev E.I., Skvorcova V.I., Stahovskaya L.V. Problema insul'ta v Rossijskoj Federacii: vremya aktivnyh sovmestnyh dejstvij. [The problem of stroke in the Russian Federation: the time of active joint actions.] ZHurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im S.S. Korsakova. 2007; 107(8): 4-10. 3. Parfenov V.A. Ishemicheskij insul't. [Ischemic stroke]. M: MIA. 2011; 312. 4. Skvorcova V.I. Medicinskaya i social'naya znachimost' problemy insul'ta: Kachestvo zhizni. [Medical and social importance of the problem of stroke: Quality of life]. M: Medicina. 2004; 4: 10-12. 5. Pokrovskij A.V., Beloyarcev D.F. Sravnitel'noe izuchenie otdalennyh rezul'tatov otkrytyh operacij i ehndovaskulyarnyh vmeshatel'stv pri ateroskleroticheskih stenozah brahiocefal'nogo stvola. [Comparative study of remote results of open surgery and endovascular interventions for atherosclerotic stenoses of the brachiocephalic trunk.] Angiologiya i sosudistaya hirurgiya. 2004; 10(4): 53-60. 6. Henry M., Henry I., Polydorou A., Polydorou Adio. Hugel Mю. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian arteries. Int Angiol. 2007; 26: 324-40. 7. Korner M., Baumgartner I., Do D.D. et al. PTA of the subclavian and innominates arteries: long-term results. Vasa. 1999; 28(2): 117-122. 8. Motarjeme A. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of supra-aortic vessels. J Endovasc Surg. 1996; 3(2): 171-81. 9. Chatterjee S., Nerella N., Chakravarty S., Shani J. Angioplasty alone versus angioplasty and stenting for subclavian artery stenosis-a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Ther. 2013; 20 (5): 520-3. 10. Li Y, Yin Q., Zhu W., Wang Y, Fan X., Liu D., Chen M., Wang Q., Xu G., Yan B., Liu X. Endovascular stenting for atherosclerotic subclavian artery stenosis in patients with other craniocervical artery stenosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2013; 35(1): 107-14. 11. Linni K., Ugurluoglu A., Mader N., Hitzl W., Magometschnigg H, Holzenbein TJ. Endovascular management versus surgery for proximal subclavian artery lesions. Ann Vasc Surg. 2008; 22 (6): 769-75. 12. Muller-Hulsbeck S., Both M., Charalambous N., Schafer P., Heller M., Jahnke T. Endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic arterial stenoses and occlusions of the supraaortic arteries: mid-term results from a single center analysis. Rontgenpraxis 2007; 56: 119-28. 13. Patel S.N., White C.J., Collins T.J. et al. Catheter-based treatment of the subclavian and innominate Arteries. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 2008: 71: 963-968. 14. Dуsa E., Nemes B., Burczi V. et al. High frequency of brachiocephalic trunk stent fractures does not impair clinical outcome. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2014: 59(3): 781-785. 15. Lee C.E., Shaiful A.Y, Hanif H. Subclavian artery stent fracture. Med J Malaysia 2009; 64(4): 330-332. 16. Periard D., Haesler E., Hayoz D. et al. Rupture and migration of an endovascular stent in the brachiocephalic trunk causing a vertebral steal syndrome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008; 31: 53-6. 17. Rits J., van Herwaarden J.A., Jahrome A.K. et al. The incidence of arterial stent fractures with exclusion of coronary, aortic, and non-arterial settings. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008; 36: 339-45. 18. Shinozaki N., Langhoff R., Schulte K-L. Reocclusion caused by stent fracture implanted in the subclavian artery ostium: a case report. Cardiovasc Interv and Ther 2013; 28: 111-114. 19. Vodop'yanov V.I., Savkin A.N., Kondrat'ev O.V. Kurs soprotivleniya materialov s primerami i zadachami. [Course of materials' resistance with examples and exercises]. Volgograd, 2012; 139. [In Russ].
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Article exists only in Russian.