Abstract:

Aim: was to identify features of disorders of brain perfusion and diffusion in venous stroke anc arterial stroke by CT and MRI.

Material and methods: in groups with acute venous stroke due dural sinustrombosis without primary hemorrhage (n=39) and atherothrombotic stroke (n=33) were performed perfusion CT (with relative MTT, CBV CBF) and MRI (with relative DWI and ADC), besides routine CT and CTA.

Results: rMTT in central areas were not different, but in venous stroke perifocal zone rMTT=1.27±0.2 vs. 1.68±0.6 in arterial stroke (p=0.00001); rCBF=0.76±0.5 vs. 0.36±0.2 focal and 1.28±0.25 vs. 0.69±0.26 perifocal (p=0.00001); rCBV=0.89±0.4 vs. 0.55±0.25 focal (p=0.0000001) and perifocal 1.28±0.25 vs. 1.07±0.42 (p=0,0006); rDWI = 1.69±0.34 vs. 2.11±0.47 focal (p=0.0001) and rDWI=1.1±0.4 vs. 2.14±0.32 perifocal (p=0.0039); rADC in central zone of venous lesions average 1.26±0.99 vs. 0.63±0.25 arterial stroke (p=0.0018); perifocal no different. A high correlation (r=0.95) was found when comparing the area affected (cm2) on CBV and DWI maps.

Conclusion: MR or CT perfusion and MR diffusion imaging in acute stroke make it possible to distinguish between primary arterial ischemic brain damage from congestive plethora due venous stroke. Perfusion-diffusion mismatch venous stroke has a different origin than in arterial stroke. If infarction is not formed benign hyperemia (not oligemia) - early vasogenic edema identified like basis of venous stroke. Venous ischemia is secondary and is associated with an externally constriction of microcirculation.

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Abstract:

Aim. Was to study long-term results of drug eluting stents implantation: angiographic frequency of prolong stenosis, frequency of restenosis, endotelization dynamics, and other morphological indicators on the base of intravascular ultrasound (IV-US)

Materials and methods. The research consisted of 220 patients with angina pectoris or/and myocardial ischemic indexes: all of them were after drug eluting stents implantation. 174 patients on the first year and 82 on the second were underwent coronaroventriculography Double antiaggregant theraphy was given on the first year to 198(90%) patients, on the second - 21(9,5%)

Results. The whole angiographic success was 89,5%. 44% patients were underwent of lateral arterial branches defense. Unsuccessfu stenting was due to technical impossibility of movement threw variated coronar arteries segment in 5%; 1,8% was due to incomplete disclosing of stent; 2,7% - occlusion of lateral arterial branch

Conclusions. On the base of IV-US, at the end of the 1st year, 40% stents had full endotelization, at the end of the 2nd - 91%. Double antiaggregant theraphy was given to 99,1% patients on the first year. All coronary situations (morbidity, heart stroke, restenosis) was much more ess, than on the 2nd years, on which drug therapy was given only to 9,6% patients.

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Abstract:

Purpose. Was to investigate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in focal hepatic lesions diagnostic.

Material and methods. Data of 70 patients (20 men) aged 28-78 years with focal hepatic lesions were analyzed. All of them underwent 1,5 T MRI; DWI obtained at b values of 50 s/mm2, 400 s/mm2, and 800 s/mm2. The results of MSCT data, intra-operative visual and ultrasound examination, histology of operation probes, and follow-up data were confermed.

Results. In 70 patients 203 focal lesions sized 3-168 mm: cysts (55), angiomas(36), metastases (89), nodal hyperplasia(5), primary tumors (5), abscesses (5), focal necroses (2) were revealed. DWI is capable of making differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions: cysts were not visualized at b = 800 s/mm2, and their ADC was (2,5 ± 0,2) × 10~3 s/mm2. Metastases were visible in all b-values, and had ADC lower than that for cysts (1,2 ± 0,5) × 10~3 s/mm2). Angiomas also were good visualized in all b-values, but ADC of angiomas was higher and varied from 1,5x 10~3 to 2,6 x 10~3 s/mm2. DWI is advantageous in detecting of small (less than 1 cm) foci: even if this kind of lesions was indistinct atT1 and T2 weighed images, DWI showed high intensity and well-defined edges.

Conclusions. Diffusion weighed MRI appeared to play additional role in differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions, enhancing detectabi-lity of the small (less than 1 cm) foci. The technique is simple, cost-effective and not time-consuming. 

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Abstract:

Good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. Early response evaluation might spare unnecessary chemotherapy in bad responders. Clinically mammography and ultrasound are used to evaluate response to treatment while being bac predictors of early response. MRI is getting wider acceptance but still lacks necessary accuracy to the absence of functional evaluation. Thus novel methods are being evaluated in early response prediction. Diffusion-weighted MRI, MR-spectroscopy, mammoscintigraphy PET as well as diffusion optic tomography are discussed in the review as potential ways to improve early prediction of response in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

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