Abstract:

Article describes a rare case of iatrogenic arterial priapism, which was the result of inadequate surgical tactics in treatment of recurrent venous priapism.

Aim: was to formulate an algorithm of examination and treatment of patients with various forms of priapism.

Materials and methods: treatment of patient with iatrogenic arterial priapism, which developed as a result of inadequate surgical tactics in treatment of venous priapism, was analyzed step by step.

Results: reasons for development of arterial priapism in surgical treatment of venous priapism were identified. Achieved success in arresting arterial priapism by selective embolization a. pudenda interna.

Conclusion: angiography and subsequent selective embolization is a highly effective and safe method of arresting arterial priapism.

Abstract:

Background: mortality in polytrauma with pelvic injuries and intrapelvic bleeding remains high and can be reduced through a multidisciplinary approach to hemostasis.

Aim: was to determine possibilities and tactics of using endovascular interventions to stop intrapelvic bleeding in polytrauma with pelvic injuries.

Material and methods: a search was made for scientific articles in the PubMed database and the Scientific Electronic Library (eLIBRARY.ru), published from 2017 to 2021. Transcatheter embolization of pelvic arteries is an effective method for stopping intrapelvic bleeding and is indicated for detecting extravasation of contrast in computed tomography and angiography. In patients with unstable hemodynamics, embolization can be used if it is possible to perform it no later than 30-60 minutes after the detection of intrapelvic bleeding. Resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta can serve as an important component of the damage control strategy and a bridge to the application of methods for the final control of abdominal and intrapelvic bleeding in patients with unstable hemodynamics and systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm hg.

Conclusion: methods of endovascular surgery do not oppose and do not exclude the use of extraperitoneal pelvic packing and/or external fixation of the pelvis to stop intrapelvic bleeding in case of polytrauma. The choice of methods of hemostasis and the algorithm for their application are determined by the degree of hemodynamic disturbances, the presence of combined injuries, the data of radiation diagnostics, and the technical and logistical resources of the trauma center.

Abstract:

Background: coronavirus disease is characterized by hypercoagulation and requires treatment with anticoagulants. At the background of anticoagulant therapy, life-threatening soft tissue bleeding may occur.

Aim: was to evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with severe COVID-19 complicated by soft tissue bleeding.

Materials and methods: within the period from January 30, 2021 to February 18, 2022, transcatheter arterial embolization of soft tissue bleeding was performed in 25 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia.

Results: transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in 19 of 25 patients (76%). Postoperative mortality was 42%, and overall mortality was 40%. Fifteen patients (60%) were discharged in satisfactory condition.

Conclusions: severe soft tissue bleeding may occur in patients with coronavirus disease while treated with anticoagulants. The method of choice for treatment of these hemorrhages is transcatheter arterial embolization.

Abstract:

Aim: was to identify and analyze key factors affecting the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms and endovascular embolization.

Materials and methods: as a material for this study, results of endovascular treatment of 150 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms operated in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage were analyzed.

Results: statistically significant factors influencing the target indicator «Unfavorable outcome» on the Rankin scale (mRs 3-5) and the indicator «Fatal outcome» in patients with SAH who underwent endovascular method were identified. Among factors contributing to an unfavorable outcome are: severity of neurological status, prevalence of SAH according to computed tomography (CT), timing of surgical treatment from the moment of onset of SAH symptoms.

Conclusion: factors of severity of the condition on the Hunt-Hess scale (HH), severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage on the Fischer scale (F) and timing of the operation have the greatest influence on the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal genesis.

Abstract:

Aim: was to study the impact of angiographic projection on patient and operator radiation dose during endovascular interventions aimed at diagnosing and treating cerebrovascular diseases.

Materials and methods: in experiment, radiation dose rate of phantom model (cGy?cm²/s) and equivalent dose rate from scattered radiation (mSv/h) measured in the area of conditional location of operator were studied when the angle of the X-ray tube was changed in modes of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and fluoroscopy. Radiation dose rate of endovascular surgeon (mSv/h) was assessed during 12 cerebral angiography procedures and 15 neuro-interventions in general angiographic projections. Values of the kerma-area product (Gy?cm²), fluoroscopy time (min), operator exposure dose (µSv) during 87 procedures of endovascular occlusion of aneurysm of cavernous and supraclinoid sections of internal carotid arteries (ICA) were retrospectively analyzed to indirectly assess the effect of angiographic projection on patient and surgeon occupational dose. Interventions were divided into 2 groups depending on the location of detected aneurysm. The 1st group included 35 operations in the right ICA, the 2nd group included 53 operations in the left ICA.

Results: in experimental study, highest values of radiation dose rate of the phantom model were found in frontal projection with cranial angulation, lowest - in lateral and oblique projections; The highest average dose rates from scattered radiation in operator's area were found in left lateral projections whereas the smallest in right lateral projection in DSA mode and also in frontal and right lateral projections in fluoroscopy mode.

When studying doses of scattered radiation during neuro-interventional procedures, it was found that when the position of the X-ray tube changes from 0° in the direction of left lateral projection, an increase in the average dose rate of the operator in the DSA mode is up to 2,6 times, with fluoroscopy - up to 2,4 times. The equivalent dose rate in left lateral projection is up to 1.5 times higher than in right lateral projection. In left oblique projection, there is an increase in dose rate up to 2,3 times compared to right oblique projection.When comparing radiation exposure indicators during aneurysm embolization procedures, a significant increase in operator exposure doses is observed in group of interventions in the left ICA.

Conclusion: when performing neuro-interventional procedures, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in radiation exposure to patient and operator without a significant loss in image quality along with maintaining optimal visualization of pathological changes by choosing angiographic projections with lower radiation doses.

Abstract:

Introduction: aneurysms of splenic arteries have a fairly high prevalence in relation to the total number of all visceral aneurysms. According to modern clinical guidelines, both symptomatic and asymptomatic aneurysms are subject to treatment. Recently, the priority direction in treatment of visceral aneurysms is endovascular surgery, which is characterized by minimal invasiveness and high efficiency, which makes it possible to consider transcatheter endovascular embolization of splenic artery aneurysms as the preferred method of treatment.

Aim: was to estimate the role and possibilities of endovascular methods of treatment in a patient with a false aneurysm of splenic artery (ASA) formed after pancreatic necrosis and complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding.

Materials and methods: a case report of transcatheter embolization of splenic artery aneurysm using the «front-to-back-door» technique using coils and telescopic system, is presented.

Results: patient was discharged on the 3rd day after embolization. The postoperative period proceeded calmly, there was no abdominal pain, indicators of clinical and biochemical blood tests were within acceptable limits.

Conclusions: studies devoted to treatment of giant aneurysms of splenic artery are not described in the modern literature, there are only few reports. Treatment of this type of ASA can lead to an increase in the cost of procedure, but minimal invasiveness, technical success, almost no deaths and early activation of patients make it possible to consider transcatheter endovascular embolization as the only possible method of treatment.

References

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.039

2.     Wang W, Chang H, Liu B, et al. Long-term outcomes of elective transcatheter dense coil embolization for splenic artery aneurysms: a two-center experience. J Int Med Res. 2020; 48: 300060519873256.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.06.198

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112520

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2016.03.008

8.     Kok HK, Asadi H, Sheehan M, et al. Systematic review and single center experience for endovascular management of visceral and renal artery aneurysms. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2016; 27: 1630-1641.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2016.07.030

9.     Gorsi U, Agarwal V, Nair V, et al. Endovascular and percutaneous transabdominal embolisation of pseudoaneurysms in pancreatitis: An experience from a tertiary-care referral centre. Clin. Radiol. 2021; 76(314): 17-23.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.12.016

10.   Barrionuevo P, Malas MB, Nejim B, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management of visceral artery aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 2020; 72: 40-45.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.018

11.   Vemireddy LP, Majlesi D, Prasad S, et al. Early Thrombosis of Splenic Artery Stent Graft. Cureus. 2021; 13: 16285.

https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.16285

12.   Kapranov MS, Kulikovskiy VF, Karpachev AA, et al. A Case Report of Successful Endovascular Treatment of «Sentinel Bleeding» in Patient with Adverse Anatomy. EJMCM. 2020; 7(2): 146-150.

https://doi.org/10.31838/ejmcm.07.02.24

13.   Саховский С.А., Абугов С.А., Вартанян Э.Л. и др. Эндоваскулярная коррекция структурной патологии клапанов и аорты у реципиентов сердца. Эндоваскулярная хирургия. 2021; 8(1): 53-9.

Sakhovskii SA, Abugov SA, Vartanyan EL, et al. Transcatheter correction of structural valve and aortic diseases in heart recipients. Endovaskulyarnaya khirurgiya. 2021; 8(1): 53-9 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.24183/2409-4080-2021-8-1-53-59

14.   Tipaldi MA, Krokidis M, Orgera G, et al. Endovascular management of giant visceral artery aneurysms. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 700.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80150-2

Abstract: 

Aim: was to present the experience of using blockers of IIb/IIIa glycoprotein receptors in treatment of thromboembolic complications of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

Materials and methods: from December 2007 to June 2021, 695 patients underwent embolization of cerebral aneurysms. Thromboembolic complications were observed in 45 patients (6,5%), blockers of IIb/IIIa glycoprotein receptors were used in 32 patients (4,6%).

Results: blockers of IIb/IIIa glycoprotein receptors were used in 10,1% of patients with embolization of aneurysms and stent implantation, in 9,2% of cases with implantation of flow-diverters, and in 1% of patients with embolization of aneurysms using only coils. Effective restoration of blood flow was observed in 90,6% of patients. Intracranial hemorrhagic complications were not observed. The incidence of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract was 6,3%, the incidence of puncture hematomas was 12,5%.

Conclusion: blockers of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors can be effectively and safely used in treatment of thromboembolic complications of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

References

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Abstract:

Chemodectomas are rare, in most cases, benign neoplasms. They originate from the chemoreceptor cells of the carotid glomus in the bifurcation of the carotid artery. Chemodectoma treatment is surgical. Classical removal of the tumor carries a high risk of damage of arteries and nerves. We present a case report of high localization (C1) carotid chemodectoma removal in a hybrid operating room. Tumor was successfully removed after selective embolization of chemodectoma with protection of distal flow of the internal carotid artery. This approach helped to minimize intraoperative blood loss, as well as to shorten time of intervention.

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Abstract:

This case describes successful combined treatment of patient with large hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC «B», occupying the entire right lobe of the liver, extending to the fourth segment and occupying the right lateral flank till small pelvis. As the first stage, selective tumor chemoembolization, mechanical chemoembolization of right portal vein branches with the aim of vicarious hypertrophy of remaining liver segments were performed. One and half months after performed procedure, the volume of remnant parenchyma was 31% of the total volume. According to the test with indocyanine green, the plasma elimination rate (ICG-PDR) was 12,2%/min, and the residual concentration at 15 minutes was 16%. Subsequently, was performed surgical intervention: Starzl laparotomy, revision of abdominal organs, cholecystectomy, right-sided hemihepatectomy + SI, drainage of the common bile duct according to Vishnevsky, lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament, drainage of abdominal cavity. Postoperative period was complicated by formation of an external biliary fistula and hepatic failure, regarded as class «B» according to criteria of the International Research Group for Liver Surgery (ISGLS), which required medical correction of patient's condition without use of extracorporeal detoxification methods. Later, patient was diagnosed with foci of recurrence of disease in the remaining parenchyma of the liver, for which endovascular treatment was carried out. Currently, patient is alive (6 years after surgery) and is receiving systemic treatment for the extrahepatic spread of the underlying disease.

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Abstract:

Introduction: the review is devoted to clinical results of the use of radiological and endovascular interventionsin intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: chemoinfusion, chemo- and radioembolization of the hepatic artery, preoperative embolization of right branch of portal vein.

Aim: was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of methods of intravascular therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Materials and methods: article presents an analysis of 50 scientific literature sources in leading domestic and foreign scientific journals.

Results: it was found that intra-arterial treatment methods have approximately the same clinical efficacy. Chemoinfusion is a technically simple and effective method of treatment, prospects of which are associated with the creation of new chemotherapy drugs and therapeutic regimens. Chemoembolization is most effective for hypervascular cholangiocarcinoma. The question of its use in a neoadjuvant mode requires study, even in resectable cases, it helps to reduce the biological activity of the tumor. Radioembolization (RE) effectively slows down the growth of cholangiocarcinoma and is well tolerated by patients, but long-term results are little bit worse to those of infusion and embolization. The procedure seems to be technically difficult and requires expensive logistics. When solving these problems, ER can become one of the most important methods of treating cholangiocarcinoma, especially when the tumor is resistant to other methods of therapy.

Preoperative portal vein embolization is routinely used in clinical practice. However, operations performed after this procedure account for only 3-6% of all liver resections. The wider application of this technically simple and safe technique seems logical.

Conclusions: in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, a combined approach should be used with the use of surgical, X-ray endovascular and other methods of anticancer therapy: this makes it possible to expand possibilities of treating patients and achieve improved long-term results.

References

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https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1694

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4.     Imamine R, Shibata T, Shinozuka K, Togashi K. Complications in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: retrospective comparison of catheter tip placement in the right/left hepatic artery vs. the gastroduodenal artery. Surg. Today. 2017; 47(7): 851-858.

5.     Kozlov AV, Tarazov PG, Polikarpov AA, Polysalov VN. Possibility of regional chemotherapy in patients with cancer of the liver and biliary ducts complicated by obstructive jaundice. Rossijskij Onkologicheskij Zhurnal. 2004; 1: 11-15 [In Russ].

6.     Konstantinidis IT, Do RKG, Gultekin GH, et al. Regional chemotherapy for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a potentional role for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging as an imaging biomarker and a survival update from two prospective clinical trials. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014; 21(8): 2675-2683.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3649-y

7.     Konstantinidis IT, Koerkamp BG, Do RKG, et al. Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: systemic plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy is associated with longer survival in comparison with systemic chemotherapy alone. Cancer. 2016; 122(5): 758-765.

https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29824

8.     Sinn M, Nicolaou A, Gebauer B, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion with oxaliplatin and 5-FU/folinic acid for advanced biliary tract cancer: a phase II study. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2013; 58(8): 2399-2405.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2624-y

9.     Wang X, Hu J, Caj G, et al. Phase II study of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Radiology. 2017; 283(2): 580-589.

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016160572

10.   Thiels CA, D’Angelica MI. Hepatic artery infusion pumps (review). J. Surg. Oncol. 2020; 122(1): 70-77.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25913

11.   Savic LJ, Chapiro J, Geschwind J-FH. Intra-arterial embolotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: update and future prospects (review). Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2017; 6(1): 7-21.

https://doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2016.11.02

12.   Lewis AL, Hall B. Toward a better understanding of the mechanism of action for intra-arterial delivery of irinotecan from DC Bead (DEBIRI). Future Oncology. 2019; 15(17): 2053-2068.

https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0071

13.   Faramazzalian A, Armitage KB, Kapoor B, Kalva SP. Medical management of tumor lysis syndrome, postprocedural pain, and venous thromboembolism following interventional radiology procedures. Semin. Intervent. Radiol. 2015; 32(2): 209-216.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1549379

14.   Matsui Y, Figi A, Horikawa M, et al. Arteriopathy after transarterial chemo-lipiodolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagn. Interv. Imag. 2017; 98(12): 827-835.

https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4360

15.   Newgard BJ, Getrajdman GI, Erinjeri JP, et al. Incidence and consequence of nontarget embolization following bland hepatic arterial embolization. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2019; 42(8): 1135-1141.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02229-2

16.   Dolgushin BI, Virshke ER, Kosyrev VJ, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of inoperable patients with nodular cholangiocarcinoma. Annaly Khirurgicheskoy Gepatologii. 2015; 20(3): 24-30 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2015324-30

17.   Park S-Y, Kim JH, Yoon H-J, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization versus supportive therapy in the palliative treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin. Radiol. 2011; 66(4): 322-328.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2010.11.002

18.   Gusani NJ, Balaa FK, Steel JL, et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma with gemcitabine-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE): a single-institution experience. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2008; 12(1): 129-137.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-007-0312-y

19.   Burger I, Hong K, Schulik R, et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: initial experience in a single institution. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2005; 16(3): 353-361.

https://doi.org/10.1097/01.RVI.0000143768.60751.7

20.   Kiefer MV, Albert M, McNally M, et al. Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol: a 2-center study. Cancer. 2011; 117(7): 1498-1505.

https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25625

21.   Vogl TJ, Naguib NN, Nour-Eldin NE, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: results and prognostic factors governing treatment success. Int. J. Cancer. 2012; 31(3): 733-740.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26407

22.   Popov VV, Polikarpov AA, Alentiev SA, et al. Possibilities of regional chemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Klinicheskaja Patofisiologija. 2016; 3-1(22): 21-24 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12364

23.   Li J, Wang Q, Lei Z, et al. Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization following liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on survival risk stratification. Oncologist. 2015; 26(6): 640-647.

https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0470

24.   Lu Z, Liu S, Yi Y, et al. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels affect the prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who receive postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: a propensity score matching study. Int. J. Surg. 2017; 37: 24-28.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.015

25.   Wu ZF, Zhang HB, Yang N, et al. Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization improves survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with poor prognostic factors: results of a large monocentric series. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 38(7): 602-610.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2012.02.185

26.   Park HM, Yun SP, Lee EC, et al. Outcomes for patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgery. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2016; 23(13): 4392-4400.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5454-2

27.   Ge Y, Jeong S, Luo G-J, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization versus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for recurrent unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: development of a prognostic nomogram. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. 2020; 19(2): 138-146.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.02.005

28.   Aliberti C, Benea G, Tilli M, Fiorentini G. Chemoembolization (TACE) of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with slow-release doxorubicin-eluting beads: preliminary results. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2008; 31(5): 883-888.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-008-9336-2

29.   Aliberti C, Carandina R, Sarti D, et al. Chemoembolization with drug-eluting microspheres loaded with doxorubicin for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(4): 1859-1863.

https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.11522

30.   Kuhlman JB, Euringer W, Spangenberg HC, et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: conventional transarterial chemoembolization compared with drug eluting bead-transarterial chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012; 24(4): 437-443.

https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283502241

31.   Schiffman SC, Metzger T, Dubel G, et al. Precision hepatic arterial irinotecan therapy in the treatment of unresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma: optimal tolerance and prolonged overall survival. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 18(2): 431-438.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-010-1333-4

32.   Ray CE, Edwards A, Smith MT, et al. Meta-analysis of survival, complications, and imaging response following chemotherapy-based transarterial therapy in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2013; 24(8): 1218-1226.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2013.03.019

33.   Radosa CG, Radosa JC, Grosche-Schlee S, et al. Holmium-166 radioembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: feasibility and safety of a new treatment option in clinical practice. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2019; 42(3): 405-412.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-2133-7

34.   Gangi A, Shah J, Hatfield N, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with transarterial yttrium-90 glass microsphere radioembolization: Results of a single institution retrospective study. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2018; 29(8): 1101-1108.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.04.001

35.   Reimer P, Virarkar MK, Binnenhei M, et al. Prognostic factors in overall survival of patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated by means of yttrium-90 radioembolization: results in therapy-na?ve patients. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2018; 41(5): 744-752.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-017-1871-2

36.   Al-Adra DP, Gill RS, Axford SJ, et al. Treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with yttrium-90 radioembolization: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 41(1): 120-127.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2014.09.007

37.   Zhen Y, Liu B, Chang Z, et al. A pooled analysis of transarterial radioembolization with ittrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2019; 12: 4489-4498.

https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S.202875

38.   Rayar M, Sulpice L, Edeline J, et al. Intra-arterial yttrium-90 radioembolization combined with systemic chemotherapy is a promising method for downstaging unresectable huge intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to surgical treatment. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 22(9): 3102-3108.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-4365-3

39.   Bargellini I, Mosconi C, Pizzi G, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Results of a multicenter retrospective study. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2020; 43(9): 1305-1314.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02569-4

40.   Edeline J, Touchefeu Y, Guiu B, et al. Radioembolization plus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019; 6(1): 51-59.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3702

41.   White J, Carolan-Rees G, Dale M, et al. Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization for chemotherapy-refractory intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a prospective, observational study. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2019; 30(8): 1185-1192.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2019.03.018

42.   Buettner S, Braat AJAT, Margonis GA, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2020; 31(7): 1035-1043.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2020.02.008

43.   Akinwande O, Shah V, Mills A, et al. Chemoembolization versus radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a single institution: image-based efficacy and comparative toxicity. Hepatic Oncology. 2017; 4(3): 75-81.

https://doi.org/10.2217/hep-2017-0005

44.   Currie BM, Soulen MC. Decision making: intra-arterial therapies for cholangiocarcinoma – TACE and TARE. Semin. Intervent. Radiol. 2017; 34(2): 92-100.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602591

45.   Hyder O, Marsh JW, Salem R, et al. Intra-arterial therapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 20(12): 3779-3786.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-3127-y

46.   Boehm LM, Jayakrishnan TT, Miura JT, et al. Comparative effectiveness of hepatic artery based therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 111(2): 213-220.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.23781

47.   Yang L, Shan J, Shan L, et al. Trans-arterial embolisation therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2015; 6(5): 570-588.

https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.055

48.   Wright GP, Perkins S, Jones H, et al. Surgical resection does not improve survival in multifocal intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a comparison of surgical resection with intra-arterial therapies. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2018; 25(1): 83-90.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-6110-1

49.   Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, et al. Portal vein embolization before extended hepatectomy for biliary cancer: current technique and review of 494 consecutive embolizations. Dig. Surg. 2012; 29(1): 23-29.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000335718

50.   Higuchi R, Yamamoto M. Indications for portal vein embolization in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J. Hep. Bil. Pancr.Sci. 2014; 21(86): 542-549.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbp.77

Abstract:

Introduction: treatment of splenic artery aneurysms is a complex and urgent task of modern surgery. With the development of endovascular techniques, it became possible to use fundamentally new minimally invasive methods for correction of this pathology, the essence of which is to exclude the aneurysm from the blood flow by embolization.

Case report: the article presents a case report of a young female patient without previous anamnesis, during regular examination, in which ultrasound examination, subsequent CT examination and angiography revealed saccular aneurysm of the proximal third of the splenic artery sized 22?24 mm.

Patient underwent successful endovascular embolization of aneurysm with microcoils and Onyx adhesive composition using balloon assistance performed through the transradial vascular access.

Conclusion: world experience and presented case report indicate high efficiency and relative safety of endovascular embolization of splenic artery aneurysms even under the condition of pathological vessel tortuosity, which significantly complicates the intervention, and also demonstrate the advantages of using transradial access in such anatomically difficult situations.

References

1.     Pitton MB, Dappa E, Jungmann F, et al. Visceral artery aneurysms: Incidence, management, and outcome analysis in a tertiary care center over one decade. Eur. Radiol. 2015; 25: 2004-2014.

2.     Kassem MM, Gonzalez L. Splenic Artery Aneurysm. StatPearls Publishing. 2021. Available from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430849/

3.     Mesbahi M, Zouaghi A, Zaafouri H, et al. Surgical management of splenic artery aneurysm. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021; 69: 102712.

4.     Lakin RO, Bena JF, Sarac TP, et al. The contemporary management of splenic artery aneurysms. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2011; 53: 958-965.

5.     Veluppillai C, Perreve S, de Kerviler B, Ducarme G. Splenic arterial aneurysm and pregnancy: A review. Presse Med. 2015; 44(10): 991-4.

6.     T?treau R, Beji H, Henry L, et al. Arterial splanchnic aneurysms: Presentation, treatment and outcome in 112 patients. Diagn. Interv. Imaging. 2016; 97: 81-90.

7.     Patel A, Weintraub JL, Nowakowski FS, et al. Single-center experience with elective transcatheter coil embolization of splenic artery aneurysms: technique and midterm follow-up. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2012; 23: 893-899.

8.     Hogendoorn W, Lavida A, Hunink MG, et al. Open repair, endovascular repair, and conservative management of true splenic artery aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 2014; 60: 1667-1676.

9.     Reed NR, Oderich GS, Manunga J, et al. Feasibility of endovascular repair of splenic artery aneurysms using stent grafts. J Vasc Surg. 2015; 62(6): 1504-10.

10.   Posham R, Biederman DM, Patel RS, et al. Transradial approach for noncoronary interventions: a single-center review of safety and feasibility in the first 1,500 cases. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2015; 27(2): 159-166.

Abstract:

Introduction: renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a pathological communication between renal arteries and veins, both acquired and congenital. Congenital AVMs of kidneys, on average, remain asymptomatic for up to 30-40 years, occurring mainly in women, may manifest with hematuria and pain. Nephrectomy is known to be historical method of treating AVM of the kidney, however, with the development of angiographic instrumentation, endovascular methods of treatment began to be introduced into practice more often.

Case report: a 30-year-old female patient with ongoing recurrent bleeding from the urogenital tract. Performed preoperative examination: laboratory tests, cystoscopy, ultrasound, multispiral computed tomography. Patient underwent angiography followed by embolization of kidney AVM with Squid.

Results: intraoperatively, it was noted that AVM embolization is partial. During the first day of the observation period, the presence of postembolization syndrome in the form of hyperthermia, pain and dysuric syndromes, a phenomenon of systemic reaction according to laboratory tests were noted. After 1,5 months, patient was hospitalized for second stage of embolizaion, but during angiography it appeared, that AVM is totally embolized.

Conclusions: renal artery embolization in patients with renal arteriovenous malformations is a minimally invasive, effective method of treatment.

1. The process of selective embolization is controlled and can be used as an independent method of treatment.

2. Due to selective catheterization of arteries and the infusion of agent directly into the affected area, segmental infarction occurs, as a result of which there is minimal destruction of the healthy part of the kidney parenchyma, the function of the kidney will not suffer.

References

1.     Kenny DPN, Egizi T, Camp R. Cirsoid renal arteriovenous malformation. Applied Radiology. 2016; 45: 35-37.

2.     Mukendi AM, Rauf A, Doherty S, et al. Renal arteriovenous malformation: An unusual pathology. SA Journal of Radiolog. 2019: 23(1).

3.     Rosen RJ, Ryles TS: Arterial venous malformations. In Vascular disease. Surgical and Interventional Therapy Volume 2. Edited by: Strandness DE, Van Breda A. New York, Churchill Livingstone; 1994:1121-37.

4.     Neeraj V, Cinosh M, Kim JM, et al. Massive hematuria due to congenital renal arteriovenous malformation successfully treated by renal artery embolization. J Assoc Phys India. 2018; 66: 78-80.

5.     Sorokin NI. Superselective renal artery occlusion. Diss. doct. med. sciences. M., 2015; 346 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: more than 10 million ischemic strokes are recorded in the world every year - a disease, the mechanism of development of which is associated with impaired blood flow to the brain tissues, mainly due to embolism in intracranial arteries. One of treatment methods of ischemic stroke within the «therapeutic window», in the absence of contraindications, is systemic thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy has a number of limitations and contraindications, including ongoing or occurring bleeding of various localization within a period of up to 6 months.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of performing and the effectiveness of «off-label» simultaneous selective thrombolytic therapy and uterine arteries embolization in a patient with acute ischemic stroke with multiple distal lesions of middle cerebral artery branches against the background of ongoing uterine bleeding.

Case report: patient S., 42 years old, was hospitalized to the pulmonary department for bronchial asthma treatment with the aim of preoperative preparation before extirpation of the uterus, against the background of menometrorrhagia. At one of days of hospitalization, patient suffered from acute dysarthria, right-sided hemiparesis. When performing multislice computed tomography and angiography, multiple occlusions were revealed in the distal segments (M3-M4) of the left middle cerebral artery. The patient underwent simultaneous selective thrombolytic therapy of the left middle cerebral artery and uterine artery embolization.

Results: in the next few hours of the postoperative period, the patient experienced regression of neurological deficit: symptoms of dysarthria were arrested, almost complete restoration of motor activity in the right extremities, residual slight asymmetry of the face; bleeding from uterine stopped.

The patient was discharged on the 16th day with a slight neurological deficit. The follow-up period is 18 months. Neurological status with minor deficits: slight asymmetry of facial muscles; the strength of muscles of right limbs is reduced to 4-4,5 points. Ultrasound: a significant decrease in the size of the uterus and myomatous nodes. Menstrual cycle is restored.

Conclusions: a wide range of angiographic instruments and skills of endovascular surgeons made it possible to perform «off-label» simultaneous intervention in a patient with ischemic stroke and multiple distal lesions of branches of the middle cerebral artery against the background of ongoing uterine bleeding and giant myoma. The use of methods of endovascular hemostasis makes it possible to stop bleeding by overcoming contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. The use of thrombolytic therapy within the «therapeutic window» allows regression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple distal cerebral artery lesions.

References 

1.     GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18(5): 439-458.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1

2.     Клинические рекомендации по ведению больных с ишемическим инсультом и транзиторными ишемическими атаками. Москва; 2017: 92.

Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. Moscow; 2017: 92 [In Russ].

3.     Клинические рекомендации по проведению тромболитической терапии при ишемическом инсульте. Москва; 2015: 34.

Clinical guidelines for thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke. Moscow; 2015: 34 [In Russ].

4.     Chiasakul T, Bauer KA. Thrombolytic therapy in acute venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020; 1: 612-618.

5.     Yuan K, Zhang JL, Yan JY, et al. Uterine Artery Embolization with Small-Sized Particles for the Treatment of Symptomatic Adenomyosis: A 42-Month Clinical Follow-Up. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14: 3575-3581.

6.     Клинические рекомендации: миома матки. Москва; 2020: 48.

Clinical guidelines: uterine fibroids. Moscow; 2020: 48 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Introduction: the main indicator that determines the prognosis of cancer is the degree of prevalence of tumor process at the time of detection. In terms of the growth of primary morbidity among urological cancers, bladder cancer ranks third, and prostate cancer is second. Treatment of patients in advanced stages is palliative and aimed at improving the quality of life and increasing its duration.

Bleeding from the bladder or prostate in such cases is a life-threatening complication and one of the most common causes of death in advanced cancer.

Aim: was to evaluate the effectiveness of embolization of arteries of the bladder and prostate in cancer patients with bleeding from the lower urinary tract as a preparatory stage for the subsequent specialized therapy of the oncological process.

Materials and methods: from 2019 to August 2021, 38 embolizing interventions were performed in 36 patients with recurrent bleeding from the bladder with ineffective conservative hemostatic therapy. Of these, there were 30 men and 6 women. The average age was 63 ± 2,6 years. All patients at the prehospital stage were diagnosed with pelvic cancer with invasion of the bladder wall without the possibility of radical treatment. Particles with a size of 300-500 µm, embolization coils and fragmentated hemostatic sponge were used for embolization.

Results: immediate angiographic success in the form of stagnation of blood flow through the target arteries was achieved in 100% of operations. In most cases, the relief of macrohematuria was achieved at day 4 (average values of erythrocytes in urine are 3,66 in p/sp). 2 patients (5,6%) underwent a second endovascular intervention during hospitalization due to the many small afferents suppluying the bladder tumor from the a. pudenta interna. Bleeding stopped in these patients by the 8th day of hospital stay. The early postoperative period in 100% of patients was accompanied by mild postembolization syndrome, which was stopped by symptomatic therapy within 24 hours.

Conclusions: endovascular embolization in patients with oncopathology using the superselective technique has shown efficacy in stopping urological oncological bleeding, allows to achieve stable hemostasis in a short time and to continue specific treatment of cancer in patients of the 2nd clinical group.

References

1.     Kaprin AD, Starinskiy VV, Shakhzadova AO. The state of cancer care for the population of Russia in 2019. - M.: MNIOI them. P.A. Herzen - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Radiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. 2020. - ill. – 239 [In Russ].

2.     Schuhrke TD, Barr JW. Intractable bladder hemorrhage: therapeutic angiographic embolization of the hypogastric arteries. J Urol. 1976; 116(4): 523-525.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58892-8

3.     Granov AM, Karelin MI, Tarazov PG. X-ray endovascular surgery in oncourology. Bulletin of roentgenology and radiology. 1996; 1: 35-37 [In Russ].

4.     Taha DE, Shokeir AA, Aboumarzouk OA. Selective embolisation for intractable bladder haemorrhages: A systematic review of the literature. Arab J Urol. 2018; 16(2): 197-205.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2018.01.004

5.     Mohan S, Kumar S, Dubey D, et al. Superselective vesical artery embolization in the management of intractable hematuria secondary to hemorrhagic cystitis. World J Urol. 2019; 37(10): 2175 - 2182.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2604-0

6.     Tibilov AM, Baymatov MS, Kulchiev AA, et al. Arterial embolization in the treatment of inoperable bladder tumors complicated by bleeding. Materials of the V Russian Congress of Interventional Cardioangiologists. 2013; 35: 79 [In Russ].

7.     Bilhim T, Pisco JM, Tinto HR, et al. Prostatic arterial supply: anatomic and imaging findings relevant for selective arterial embolization. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2012; 23 (11): 1403-1415.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2012.07.028

8.     Bilhim T, Pereira JA, Tinto HR, et al. Middle rectal artery: myth or reality? Retrospective study with CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013; 35(6): 517-522.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-1068-y

9.     Korkmaz M, Sanal B, Aras B, et al. The short- and long-term effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with intractable hematuria. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016; 97: 197-201.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.020

10.   Liguori G, Amodeo A, Mucelli FP, et al. Intractable haematuria: long-term results after selective embolization of the internal iliac arteries. BJU Int. 2010; 106: 500-503.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09192.x

11.   Karpov VK, Kapranov SA, Shaparov BM, Kamalov AA. Superselective embolization of urinary bladder arteries in the treatment of recurrent gross hematuria in bladder tumors. Urology. 2020; 5: 133-138 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.18565/urology.2020.5.133-138

Abstract:

Introduction: treatment of gastric cancer (GC) remains an urgent problem in oncology. One of the unsolved problems in treatment of gastric cancer remains the treatment of patients with liver metastases. With the development of interventional radiology, it became possible to treat gastric cancer patients with liver metastases.

Aim: was to improve results of treatment of gastric cancer patients with liver metastases by using of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Material and methods: we analyzed results of 60 patients for the period 2008-2020, who suffered for metastatic liver disease, previously they received combined treatment for stomach cancer at various times. The average age of patients was 58,1 ± 5,8 years. When planning TACE, all patients had a general condition above 80% according to Karnovsky, according to ECOG 1-2. All TACE patients with liver metastatic foci were treated with Lipiodol 6-8ml + Doxorubicin 25mg/m². The interval between TACE cycles was 1,5-2 months. Each patient received 5-6 TACE courses.

Results: immediate results showed the effectiveness of treatment after 2 courses of TACE in 49 (81,7%) patients: partial regression was noted in 36 (60%) patients, and significant regression of the process was noted in 13 (21,6%) patients, stabilization of the process was noted in 11(18,3%) patients. With dynamic follow-up 37 (61,7%) patients lived 6 months, 24 (40%) patients lived 12 months, 11 (18,3%) patients lived 18 months, 8 (13,3%) patients lived 24 months, only 3 (5,0%) patients lived 36 months. The median survival rate was 15,5 ± 1,2 months.

Conclusions: immediate and long-term results of the study, carrying out TACE in patients with metastases of gastric cancer to the liver was effective in 50% of patients. Currently, to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with metastases of gastric cancer, the technique of trans-arterial chemoembolization can be considered as an effective, low-toxic method of treatment and it can be the method of choice.

References

1.     Mastoraki A, Benetou C, Mastoraki S, et al. The role of surgery in the therapeutic approach of gastric cancer liver metastases. Indian J. Gastroenterol. 2016; 35(5): 331-336.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-016-0683-7

2.     Kaidarova DR. Indicators of the Oncological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2019 (statistical and analytical materials), Almaty, 2020, -137 [In Russ].

3.     Kaprin AD, Starinskiy VV, Petrova GV. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2016 (morbidity and mortality). - M.: FGBU «MNIOI after named P.A. Herzen» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2018. - 250 [In Russ].

4.     Zhang K, Chen L. Chinese consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer with liver metastases. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2020; 12: 1758835920904803.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1758835920904803.

5.     Granov AM, et al. Interventional radiology in oncology (ways of development and technology) - SPb.: - Foliant. - 2007. - 88-97 [In Russ].

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7.     Chen H, Gao S, Yang XZ, et al. Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Different Models of Target Vessel Regional Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer with Liver Metastases. Chemotherapy. 2016; 61(2): 99-107.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000440945

8.     Chen H, Zhang J, Cao G, et al. Target hepatic artery regional chemotherapy and bevacizumab perfusion in liver metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of first-line or second-line systemic chemotherapy. Anticancer Drugs. 2016; 27(2): 118-26.

https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0000000000000290

9.     Sawatsubashi T, Nakatsuka H, Nihei K, Takano T. A Case of Metachronous Multiple Liver Metastases of AFP and PIVKA-Producing Gastric Cancer, Responding to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2020; 47(2): 319-321.

10.   Liu SF, Lu CR, Cheng HD, et al. Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy between Gastrectomy with Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Systemic Chemotherapy and Systemic Chemotherapy Alone in Gastric Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastasis. Chin Med J. 2015; 128(16): 2194-201.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.162497

11.   Xu H, Min X, Ren Y, et al. Comparative Study of Drug-eluting Beads versus Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization for Treating Peculiar Anatomical Sites of Gastric Cancer Liver Metastasis. Med Sci Monit. 2020; 26: 922988.

https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.922988

Abstract:

Introduction: osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system, the main cause of pain development, loss of joint function and, as a consequence, one of leading factors of population disability. Treatment strategy for patients with gonarthrosis is not fully defined, especially in patients with grade 1-2. In this cohort of patients, conservative treatment is indicated, but it does not always lead to a decrease in the severity of pain, significantly reducing the quality of life. One of treatment options for such patients is transcatheter embolization of the hypervascular area of popliteal arteries.

Aim: was to present a case report of the successful use of transcatheter arterial embolization of branches of the popliteal artery in gonarthrosis.

Materials and methods: patient B., 72 years old, consulted a rheumatologist in November 2019 with complaints on pain in knee joints, aggravated by movements, going up and down stairs, as well as pain in the area of small joints of the feet, ankle, and shoulder joints. In view of the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, patient was offered transcatheter embolization of branches of the hypervascular area of the popliteal artery. Selective embolization of the artery of the hypervascular vasculature of right knee joint was performed under local anesthesia.

Results: 1 month after the procedure, patient noticed a significant decrease in the intensity of pain in right knee joint, increased range of motion. The result of filling out the WOMAC questionnaire 1 month after embolization of popliteal artery branches was 26 points (satisfactory result). At the visit 3 months after the manipulation, patient noted the persistence of effect of procedure. The result of the WOMAC questionnaire is 22 points.

Conclusions: transcatheter arterial embolization of the hypervascular area in osteoarthritis of various origins and localization can be successfully used as an alternative treatment if conservative therapy is ineffective and if there are contraindications to surgical treatment.

References

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Abstract:

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common oncological disease in the world. There are lots of methods to treat it. Often we use radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), surgical treatment. However, when on one hand we have successes, on the other hand we have a number of unsolved problems. To solve them, we study the method of chemoembolization of uterine arteries (CUA). This treatment option is being studied as one of promising methods in the complex or combined radiation treatment of primary and recurrent cervical cancer. This allows, with minimal trauma and relapse rate, to stop bleeding and reduce the size of the tumor. In this article a number of literature sources about using embolization or chemoembolization and results of treatment with CUA has been analyzed.

References

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6.     Duenas-Gonzalez A, Lopez-Graniel C, Gonzalez-Enciso A et al. A phase II study of multimodality treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer: neoadjuvant carbo-platin and paclitaxel followed by radical hysterectomy and adjuvant cisplatin chemoradiation. Ann Oncol. 2003; 14 (8): 1278-1284.

7.     Sananes C, Giaroli A, Soderini A et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy and post­operative adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix uteri: long-term follow-up of a pilot study. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 1998; 19 (40): 368-373.

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12.   Chen C, Wang W, Zhou H et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison between systemic and local chemotherapy by carboplatin in dogs. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangdong Province, PR China. Reprod Sci. 2009; Nov.

13.   Kosenko IA, Matylevich OP, Dudarev VS et al. The effectiveness of complex treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer using uterine artery chemoembolization. Oncological journal named P.A. Gertsena. 2012; (10): 15-19 [In Russ].

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15.   Kobayashi K, Furukawa A, Takahashi M, Murata K. Neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer: clinical efficacy and fac­tors influencing response. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003; 26 (3): 234-241.

16.   Komov DV, Roshhin EM, Kuchinskij GA et al. Results of the first phase of clinical studies of the doxorubicin-estrone complex in patients with malignant neoplasms of the liver during chemoembolization with lipiodol. Bulletin of the ONTs AMS of Russia. 1997; (4): 34-37 [In Russ].

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18.   Lichinitser MR, Gutorov SL. A new approach to chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Jornal Oncology.ru (internetsource). 2011; 13 [In Russ].

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21.   Arybzhanov DT, Bajnazarova AA, Kulakeev OK. Embolization of uterine arteries in the treatment of patients with cervical cancer. Medical Bulletin of Bashkortostan. 2009; (2): 39-41 [In Russ].

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35.   Song J, Chen W, Zhu X et al. Short-term efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads versus synchronous radiochemotherapy for cervical cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019; 147 (1): 29-35.

36.   Babaeva NA, Antonova IB, Aleshikova Ol et al. The role of selective chemoembolization of the uterine arteries in the complex treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. Doctor.Ru. 2018. 146 (2): 20-25 [In Russ].

Abstract:

Aim: was to estimate efficacy of methods of permanent or temporary blocking of blood flow through the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) during arterial chemoinfusion/chemoembolization of hepatic and pancreatic malignancies.

Materials and methods: for the period of 5 years (2015-2019), GDA embolization with coils was performed in 90 patients. Of them, 39 patients with liver tumors underwent occlusion of proximal GDA. GDA embolization distally to pancreatic branches (commonly on the level of gastroepiploic artery) was done in 51 patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. Alternatively, in 12 patients with liver and 23 patients with pancreatic cancer, hand compression of GDA was used.

Results: technical success was 98% (88/90 patients). During embolization, coil migration into the hepatic artery developed in two patients with liver tumors: in one case stenting of the common hepatic artery was performed, the other case was asymptomatic and the presence of coil did not complicate the following arterial therapy. There were no other complications. Patients received multiple repeated courses of arterial chemotherapy.

Conclusion: methods of blocking of GDA blood flow are relatively safe, effective, simple and inexpensive. Both, embolization and hand compression, help to prevent non-target chemoinfusion and embolization.

References

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2.     Arybzhanov DT, Gantsev SH, Kulakeev OK, et al. Results of endovascular methods of treatment in liver tumors in South Kazakhstan. Diagnosticheskaya i Intervenzionnaya Radiologiya. 2009; 3(1): 15-19 [In Russ].

3.     Popov AA, Skupchenko AV, Polarush NF. Colorectal liver metastases after chemoembolization with microspheres: comparison of the different criteria for tumor response assessment. Diagnosticheskaya i Intervenzionnaya Radiologiya. 2014; 8(1): 37-46 [In Russ].

4.     Dolgushin Bl, Virshke ER, KosyrevVJ. Interventional radiological technologies in treatment of intermediate stage HCC (BCLC B). Onkologicheskiy Zhurnal. 2018. 1(1): 60-62 [In Russ].

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6.     Pavlovskij AV, Stacenko AA, Popov SA et al. The first experience of selective intra-arterial injection of albuminbound paclitaxel (Abraxane) in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Diagnosticheskaya i Intervenionnaya Radiologiya. 2019; 13(1): 59-64 [In Russ].

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Abstract:

Article presents our experience of endovascular occlusion of gonadal veins in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Interventional treatment of patients with this pathology requires further research.

Aim: was to study aspects of endovascular occlusion of gonadal veins in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome.

Materials and methods: 22 patients with a primary form of pelvic congestion syndrome were included in a prospective, single-center study. The diagnosis was based on screening ultrasound duplex angioscanning. The criterion for inclusion in the study was the presence of varicose expansion of ovarian veins (OV) of more than 5 mm in combination with its valve failure. Exclusion criteria were: presence of secondary PCS against the background of obstructive syndromes, multivessel anatomy type of OV, pregnancy at any gestation age.

To assess the dynamics of manifestations of pelvic venous congestion, we used the PVVQ questionnaire (Pelvic Varicose Veins Questionnaire) and the PCS clinical severity scale - PVCSS (Pelvic Venous Clinical Severity Score), as well as the visual-analogue scale (VAS) of main symptoms of the disease.

Instrumental research methods included: ultrasound duplex transvaginal and transabdominal angioscanning (UDAS), multispiral computer phlebography (MSCT-phlebography), digital phlebography with invasive direct phlebomanometry.

Results: technical success of endovascular occlusion of ovarian veins was 100%. In two cases, immediately after the operation, a second intervention was performed: in one case - resection of the ovarian vein, in the second - re-positioning of the microspiral. In the long-term follow-up period, in one of the women due to relapse, the ovarian vein occlusion procedure was repeated.

Conclusions: estimation of results of clinical research methods, showed a decrease in the intensity of manifestations of pelvic congestion syndrome basing on severity scale and a visual-analogue scale, as well as an improvement in the quality of life of patients.

References

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https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo20187031146 

2.     Howard FM. Chronic pelvic pain. Obstetrics Gynecology. 2003; 101: 594–611.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02723-0

3.     Ganeshan A, Upponi S, Lye-Quen H. et al. Chronic pelvic pain due to pelvic congestion syndrome: The role of diagnostic and interventional radiology. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007; 30: 1105–1111.

4.     Durham JD, Machan L. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2013; 30: 372–380.

5.     Ahmed O, Ng J, Patel M et al. Endovascular Stent Placement for May-Thurner Syndrome in the Absence of Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016; 27(2): 167–173.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2015.10.028

6.     Drazic BO, Z?rate BC, Vald?s EF et al. Embolization of insufficient pelvic veins for pelvic congestion syndrome. Analysis of 17 cases. [Article in Spanish]. Rev Med Chil. 2019; 147(1): 41–46.

https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872019000100041

7.     Mahmoud O, Vikatmaa P, Aho P et al. Efficacy of endovascular treatment for pelvic congestion syndrome. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016; 4(3): 355–370.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.01.002

8.     Champaneria R, Shah L, Moss J et al. The relationship between pelvic vein incompetence and chronic pelvic pain in women: systematic reviews of diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. Health Technology Assessment. 2016; 20(5): 1–108.

9.     Sharma K, Bora M.K, Varghes J et al. Role of Trans Vaginal Ultrasound and Doppler in Diagnosis of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome. J. Clinic. And Diagnos. Research. 2014; 8(7): OD05 – OD07.

https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/8106.4570

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https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo201913021133

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Abstract

Aim: was to determine the role of radiation and interventional methods of diagnosis and treatment of traumatic pelvic bleeding.

Material and methods: for the period 2016 -2019, we analyzed results of diagnosis and treatment of 37 patients with pelvic injuries, complicated by intra-pelvic bleeding. CT scanning of retroperitoneal pelvic hematoma (RPH) was performed in all cases, results of calculations were compared with the surgical classification of I.Z. Kozlova (1988) on the spread of retroperitoneal hemorrhage and volume of blood loss in pelvic fractures. MSCT-A was performed in 16 (45%) injured. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 10 (27%) cases, of which after MSCT-A – in 4 cases, and as the primary method for the diagnosis of arterial bleeding – in 6 cases.

Results: according to MSCT, the frequency of minor hemorrhages was 18 (50%), medium 16 (43%), large 3 (8%). CT calculation of the volume of small hemorrhages ranged from 92 to 541 cm3, medium – 477-1147 cm3, large –1534 cm3 and more. MSCT-A revealed signs of damage of arteries of the pelvic cavity: extravasation of contrast medium – in 4, cliff and «stop-contrast» – in 1, post-traumatic false aneurysm – in 1, displacement and compression of the vascular bundle – in 4 observations. DSA revealed signs of damage of vessels of the pelvis: extravasation of contrast medium – 3, angiospasm – 2 and occlusion – 2 observations. According to results of angiography, embolization of damaged arteries was performed in 5 observations.

Conclusion: MSCT is a highly sensitive method in assessing the distribution and calculation of RPH volume. The presence of a hematoma volume of more than 50-100 cm3, regardless of the type of pelvic damage, was an indication for MSCT. In patients with stable hemodynamics, DSA was used as a clarifying diagnostic method; in patients with unstable hemodynamics, it was used as the main method for diagnosis and treatment of injuries of pelvic vessels. Damage of pelvic vessels detected by angiography was observed predominantly in unstable pelvic fractures, accompanied by medium and large retroperitoneal pelvic hemorrhages.

References 

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2.     Smolyar AN. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage in pelvic fractures. Hirurgiya. 2009; 8: 48-51 [In Russ].

3.     Fengbiao Wang, Fang Wang. The diagnosis and treatment of traumatic retroperitoneal hematoma. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013 Apr; 29(2): 573-576.

4.     Dorovskih GN. Radiation diagnosis of pelvic fractures, complicated by damage of pelvic organs. Radiologiya-praktika. 2013; 2: 4-15 [In Russ].

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6.     Mahmoud Hussami, Silke Grabherr, Reto A Meuli, Sabine Schmidt. Severe pelvic injury: vascular lesions detected by ante- and post-mortem contrast mediumenhanced CT and associations with pelvic fractures. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 2017; 131: 731-738.

Abstract

Background: pancreatic cancer (PC) - oncologic disease with nonsignificant clinics on early stages and tendention of spreadind in population, as a result - late diagnosis and low rate of radical treatment (10-25%). Carried radical treatment, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PDE) - has a high risk of postoperative complications (30-70%) due to its difficulty Most often and dangerous complications are: bleeding, anastomotic leakage, postoperative pancreatitis, purulent complications. Bleeding occurs in 5-10% of cases, mortality varries between 30,7% and 58,5% according to moderd literature. "Sentinel bleeding" - term that meand non-fatal bleeding through drainage or gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) that follows PDE, and is a predictor of further massive fatal bleeding. Material and methods: article presents data of patient (male, 64y) who underwent gastropancreaticoduodenectomy (GPDE) through bilateral hypochondriacal access as treatment of moderate differentiated (MD) ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreatic head. On 21st day after surgery - massive GIB with source of bleeding as pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery Taking into consideration "adverse anatomy", impossibility of stent-graft implantation and failure of primary embolization with "front-to-back-door" technique - against the background of reccurent bleeding, patient undewent coiling of pseudoaneurysm and subseqent coil implantation into right hepatic artery anc common hepatic artery Against the background of second reccurency of GIB - patient underwent successful "front-to-back-door" embolization with combinaton of coils and Onyx.

Results: technique of «front-to-back-door» embolization led to stable hemostasis and patient's discharge in satisfactory condition without recurrence of bleeding.

Conclusions: surgical hospital, carrying on resections of pancreas as a routine, should have a CathLab unit, equipped with wide specter of angiografic instruments and 24/7 surgical team with experience of hemostatic interventions. Bleeding after PDE should be considered as «sentinel bleeding». In case of side-injury of large vessels - stent-graft implantation is preferable, if it is impossible - "front-to-back-door" embolization should be used. 

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Abstract

Recently, there has been a steady tendency to expand indications for organpreserving operations for kidney tumors.The success of the operation depends on many factors and, first of all, on the completeness of tumor removal and reliability of hemostasis without damage to the blood supply of the entire organ with a minimum time of thermal or cold ischemia. Particularly difficult for surgeon are tumors with intrarenal arrangement. This is due to difficulties of intraoperative determination of tumor localization, as well as technical aspects of removal of big newgrowth with the implementation of adequate hemostasis in the bed of the removed tumor. If resection of kidney poles with a tumor is a fairly simple operation, the enucleation of the latter in the depth of the parenchyma at the location in the middle segments of the kidney and in direct contact with large vessels, is of great technical complexity As a rule, central location of intrarenal tumor requires the "exposure" of kidney parenchyma by a separate incision, up to the sectional. The surgeon's task is to minimize such transparenchymal access, which creates difficulties with hemostasis in a limited space and time limit of thermal ischemia. Hemostatic insufficiency, in turn, can lead to postoperative bleeding, and formation of arteriovenous fistulas. Superselective embolization of branches of the renal artery supplying the intrarenal tumor ensures the subsequent optimal revision of the bed of the removed tumor, minimizes blood loss and allows to refuses blood flow arrest of entire organ.

Case report: article presents data of a young 33-year-old patient with a congenital anomaly in the blood supply of left kidney in the form of a multiple renal artery and kidney tumor T1AN0M0. Ultrasound, CT and MRI revealed an intraparenchymal tumor of the left kidney measuring 2,3x2,5x2,2 cm, with blood supply by 4 arteries extending from the aorta. As the first stage, superselective embolization of tumor's blood supplying artery with PVA 355-500 microns was performed. The second stage was the enucleation of a tumor of left kidney under the control of intraoperative ultrasound without thermal kidney ischemia. Intraoperative blood loss less than 150 ml. The patient was discharged on the 7th day

Conclusion: performing selective embolization of the renal artery feeding the tumor makes it possible to perform the operation without thermal ischemia of the kidney with minimal blood loss.

References

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2.      3-D - technology for operations on the kidney: from virtual to real surgery. Pod red. Glybochko P.V., Alyaeva YU.G. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014; S.91-92. [In Russ.]

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5.      Maxwell N.J., Saleem Amer N, Rogers E. Kiely D, Sweeney P, Brady AP, Renal artery embolisation in the palliative treatment of renal carcinoma. Br J Radiol, 2007; 80:96.

6.      Vishnyakova M.V., Vashchenko A.V., Demidov I.N., Gegenava B.B., Denisova L.B. Endovascular treatment of vascular pathology using three-dimensional navigation. First experience. Rossijskij elektronnyj zhurnal luchevoj diagnostiki. 2011; T1. №3. S.44-53. [In Russ.]

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8.      Kokov L.S., Storozhev R.V., Bocharov S.M., Anisimov YU.A., Belozerov G.E., Pinchuk A.V., Experience in embolization of the artery of a renal allograft before nephrotransplantectomy at a long time after surgery. Transplantologiya. 2012; № 1-2. S. 70-73. [In Russ.]

9.      Bazaev V.V., Gegenava B.B., Stashuk G.A., Bychkova N.V., Kazanceva I.A. Successful resection of the kidney in a patient with rupture of angiomyolipoma with preliminary superselective embolization of renal vessels. Annaly hirurgii, 2018; T.23 №4. S239-246. [In Russ.]

Abstract:

A 57-year-old woman was on the waiting list of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) due to cirrhosis of viral etiology MSCT with contrast enhancement showed two aneurysms of the splenic artery, stenosis of the celiac trunk with aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery Taking into account asymptomatic course, we decided to eradicate vascular changes during the forthcoming OLT OLT performed 6 month later, was technically difficult and complicated by massive blood loss and episodes of unstable hemodynamics, so surgical correction of aneurysms was not performed because of high risk. The patient was well and asymptomatic for 2 years after the OLT, but then she developed abdominal pain. MSCT showed progression of vascular changes. Successful endovascular treatment included celiac trunk stenting and embolization of aneurysms. 

References

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Abstract:

Aim: was to analyze the first experiment and estimate the tolerability of intra-arterial use of the Abraxane in oil chemoembolization in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Material and methods: for the period January 2018 - August 2018 г on the basis of the FSCU RIS RHT named after academician A.M. Granov, 19 patients with histologically verified ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas received treatment: intra-arterial oil chemoembolization with the use of the Abraxane.

Results: in 14 (73.6%) patients appeared mild pain syndrome that was not accompanied by marked laboratory changes, against the background of standard conservative prophylaxy. In 5 (26.4%) cases, patients had clinical and laboratory signs of postembolization syndrome, which was regarded as adverse events of grade 3 antitumor therapy, manifested by clinical and laboratory signs of mild acute pancreatitis, treated in all cases conservatively

The treatment of the postembolization syndrome lasted up to 7 days, until complete laboratory markers normalization, consisting in reducing the activity of blood amylase and urinary diastase to normal values. In all cases, postembolization syndrome was stopped conservatively In described 5 (26.4%) patients, adverse events of intra-arterial oil chemoembolization were regarded as mild postembolization pancreatitis. After treatment, a decrease in the tumor marker CA 19-9 was observed in 9 (90%) patients.

At the next stage, all patients with localized forms of the tumor underwent surgical treatment in the volume of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenal resection (n = 13) from 7 to 15 days after intra- arterial oil chemoembolization.

Conclusion: the procedure of oil chemoembolization with Abraxane can be considered as safe if dosages of the oil radiopaque drug Lipiodol are adeqate. There was a tendency to a decrease in the level of the tumor marker CA 19-9 in the blood of patients after the procedure. 

References

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Abstract:

This article spotlights problems of diagnostic and treatment of rare vascular complication: false aneurysm of transplanted kidney artery We describe a case of successful treatment using stent-assisted aneurysm embolization. Our case is illustrated with ultrasound, computed tomography and angiographic images and 30-day follow-up data.

References

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Abstract:

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms, results of treatment of which remain extremely unsatisfactory, in view of the low (20%) possibility of tumor resectability A relatively new method of treatment of pancreatic cancer, which showed in practice an increase in tumor resectability in patients with borderline resectable forms of the disease and an increase ir survival mediana of inoperable patients is transartorial chemoembolization (TACE).of pancreatic arteries.

Authors first used transradial vascular access for TACE of a malignant pancreatic tumor.

As the first stage of the intervention - performed redistribution embolization of the right gastroomental artery distally to branches feeding the tumor, with two pushable coils Azur (Terumo) sized 4x60 mm and 5x60 mm in order to prevent embolization of non-target vessels and achieve total embolization of the tumor.

The second stage - performed chemoembolization with lipiodol - 5 ml and gemcitabine - 1000 mg, as a result - accumulation of chemotherapy in the head of the pancreas.

The duration of the procedure and the radiation dose in the patient were 52 minutes, respectively and 0.57 mSv and were comparable to those for similar interventions through transfemoral access. At the same time, all the main advantages of access through the radial artery remained, including: a higher level of psychological and functional comfort for the patient, its early activation and a minimal risk of vascular complications. The patient's discharge was made on the 10th day after the intervention. 

References

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10.   Jolly S.S., Yusuf S., Cairns J. et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9775):1409-1420.

11.   Kanei Y, Kwan T.,  NakraN.C. et al. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A review of access site complications. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

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Abstract:

Results of successful surgical treatment of a patient with an extremely rare disease - Parkes-Weber- Rubashov syndrome, manifestating by arteriovenous malformations of the lower limb and spinal cord are presented. Endovascular embolization of arteriovenous malformation of the lower limb was treated with use of three Flipper coils due to the severity of the clinical symptoms. A conclusion about the effectiveness of this method of treatment is presented. 

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Abstract:

Hepatic artery embolization was perfomed in 14 patients. In 11 of them indications were the following: chronic pain, arterial hypertension, anemia resistant to conservative treatment, portal hypertension. In 3 nearly asymptomatic patients with angioma size of 12 cm and more, the intervention aimed to prevent possible complications of the disease. All in all, 23 interventions were done, Spongostan и Ivalon used for peripheral embolization, and Gianturco coils for feeding vessel occlusion. 16-46 month follow-up showed quality of life improvement (decrease of pain) in 12 of 14 cases. In 3 patients hepatic artery embolization resulted in normalizing of systemic arterial and portal pressure due to arteriovenous shunt cessation. Thus, feeding arteries embolization makes hepatic angiomas amenable to surgery and could be seen as a first-line treatment performed prior to hepatic resections.

Reference

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2.     Веронский Г.И. Лечение гемангиом печени.Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 1996; 1:15-18.

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Abstract:

To show possibilities to diagnose and treat toxic complications of continuous hepatic artery chemoinfusion using percutaneous implanted catheter-port system.

Materials and methods: Between May 2005 and March 2007, 20 patients (pts) underwent percutaneous transfemoral implantation of the catheter-port system for treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Toxic complications (gastritis, pancreatits or stomach ulcer) occurred in three pts (each in one). Endoscopy (after arterial injection of methylene blue) and scintigraphy (after arterial injection of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin) showed abnormal liver perfusion. Visceral angiography was performed for verification and embolization of non-targeted vessels. Angiography with embolization of collateral arteries resulted in normalization of liver perfusion and resolution of complications. At present, all pts continue to receive intraarterial chemotherapy. Transcatheter coil embolization of non-targeted arteries is effective for the management of the catheter-port system misperfusion.

Reference 

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Abstract:

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Therapeutic and Moscow Faculties of Scientific Research Practical Laboratory of intracardiac and contrast methods of roentgenological studies under the Federal Facility Russian State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Public Health, Moscow.

This article opens a new series of publications dedicated to a currently important issue of endovascular treatment of uterine myoma - uterine artery embolization (UAE). The authors presently possessing the most abundant hands-on experience in UAE in Russia, based on own experience and literature data discuss herein the most urgent problems related to UAE in treatment for uterine myoma and other obstetrical and gynaecological pathology. Amongst them are the problems of determining the indications for and contraindications to an intervention, outcomes of UAE (including that combined with other therapeutic methods), problems of optimization of the technique and development of technical procedures allowing for UAE to be performed virtually in any situation, as well as the problems related to selection of embolizing substances. The authors also give a detailed consideration to the so-called "myths" about UAE - currently existing negative views on certain aspects of intervention, which are based on outdated and inexact evidence. The authors draw a conclusion that endovascular methods are highly promising in obstetrical and gynaecological pathology.

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48.   Ahmad A., Qadan L., Hassan N., Najarian K. Uterine artery embolization treatment of uterine fibroids: effect on ovarian function in younger women. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2002; 10(13): 1017-1020.

49.   Pelage J.P., Walker W.J., Le Dref O., Rymer R. Ovarian artery: angiographic appearance, embolization and relevance to uterine fibroid embolization. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2003; 3(26): 227-233.

50.   Barth M.M., Spies J.B. Ovarian artery embolization supplementing uterine embolization for leiomyomata. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2003; 9(14): 1177-1182.

51.   Andrews R.T., Bromley P.J., Pfister M.E. Successful embolization of collaterals from the ovarian artery during uterine artery embolization for fibroids: a case report. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2000; 5(11): 607-610.

52.   YangJ.J., Xiang Y., Wan X.R., Yang X.Y Diagnosis and management of uterine arteriovenous fistulas with massive vaginal bleeding. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 2005; 2(89): 114-119. 53.Rubod C., Mubiayi N., Robert Y., Vinatier D. Uterine arteriovenous malformation. A rare cause of recurrent metrorrhagia. Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil. 2005; 7-8(33): 511-513.

54.   Lipari C.W., Badawy S.Z. Arteriovenous malformation in a bicornuate uterus leading to recurrent severe uterine bleeding: a case report. J. Reprod. Med. 2005; 1(50): 57-60.

55.   Amagada J.O., Karanjgaokar V, Wood A., Wiener J.J. Successful pregnancy following two uterine artery embolisation procedures for arteriovenous malforma tion. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2004; 1(24): 86-87.

56.   Lambert P., Marpeau L., Jan net D. et al. Cervical pregnancy: conservative treatment with primary embolization of the uterine arteries. A case report. Review of the literature. J. Gynecol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod. 1995; 1(24): 43-47.

57.   Suzumori N., Katano K., Sato T. et al. Conservative treatment by angiographic artery embolization of an 11-week cervical pregnancy after a period of heavy bleeding. Fertil. Steril. 2003; 3(80): 617-619.

58.   Sherer D.M., Lysikiewicz A., Abulafia O. Viable cervical pregnancy managed with systemic Methotrexate, uterine artery embolization, and local tamponade with inflated Foley catheter balloon. Am. J. Perinatol. 2003; 5(20): 263-267.

59.   Itakura A., Okamura M., Ohta T., Mizutani S. Conservative treatment of a second trimester cervicoisthmic pregnancy diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003; 5(101): 1149-1151.

60.   Hong T.M., Tseng H.S., Lee R.C., Wang J.H., Chang C.Y Uterine artery embolization: an effective treat ment for intractable obstetric haemorrhage. Clin. Radiol. 2004; 1(59): 96-101.

61.   Liu X., Fan G., Jin Z., Yang N., Jiang Y., Gai M., Guo L., Wang Y., Lang J. Lower uterine segment pregnancy with placenta increta complicating first trimester induced abortion: diagnosis and conservative management. Chin. Med. J. 2003; 5(116): 695-698.

62.Sugawara J., Senoo M., Chisaka H., Yaegashi N., Okamura K. Successful conservative treatment of a cesarean scar pregnancy with uterine artery embolization. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 2005; 3(206): 261-265.

63.   Kapranov S.A., Kurtser M.A., Bobrov B.Y., Alieva A.A., Zlatovratsky A.G. Non-fibroid indications for UAE: twelve cases. CIRSE 2006: 244.

Abstract:

The minute methodical details and technical aspects of uterine arteries embolization, crucial for successful intervention, are reviewed in this article. The text provides detailed descriptions of roentgen anatomy of the internal iliac arteries, different variants of blood circulation in uterus and ovaries and various types of anastomozes between uterine and ovarian arteries. The techniques indispensable for successful embolization of uterine arteries in complex anatomic cases and in peculiar ways of uterine arteries formation are thoroughly described.

References

1.     Pelage J., Le Dref О., Soyer P. et al. Arterial anatomy of the female genital tract: variations and relevance to transcatheter embolization of the uterus, AJR. 1999; 172: 989 - 994.

2.     Nikolic В., Spies J., Campbell L. et al. Uterine artery embolization: reduced radiation with refined technique,/ Vase. Intervent. Radiol. 2001; 12: 39 - 44.

3.     Капранов С.А., Бреусенко В.Г., Бобров Б.Ю. и соавт. Применение эмболизации маточных артерий при лечении миомы матки: анализ 258 наблюдений. Международный журнал интервенционной кардиоангиологии. 2005; 7: 56.

4.     Stringer N., Grant Т., Park J., Oldham L. Ovarian failure after uterine artery embolization for treatment of myomas./. Am. Ass. Gynecol. Laparose. 2000; 7(3): 395 - 400.

5.     Payne J., Robboy S., Haney A. Embolic microspheres within ovarian arterial vasculature after uterine artery embolization. Obstet. Gynecol. 2002; 100 (5): 883 - 886.

6.     Barth M., Spies J. Ovarian artery embolization supple-meriting uterine embolization for leiomyomata. J. Vase. Interv. Radiol. 2003; 14 (9): 1177-1182. 7. Pelage J., Walker W, Le Dref O., Rymer R. Ovarian artery: angiographic appearance, embolization and relevance to uterine fibroid embolization. Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol 2003; 26(3): 227-233.

Abstract:

We present case report of patient, with recurrent pulmonary bleeding of malignant genesis and ineffective previous endoscopic hemostasis. During embolization of bronchial artery, to stop massive life-threatening pulmonary bleeding, transradial approach was used for the first time. Full bleeding control was reached after embolization of right bronchial artery with use of microspheres through microcatheter 2,8 Fr. During hospital stage, recurrence of bleeding was not notices; patient discharged on the 7th day in satisfactory condition.

Duration of procedure and radiation exposure at this patient were comparable with same parameters in case of transfemoral approach. Main advantages of this vascular access are increased comfort of the patient after the procedure and the possibility of early activization. Besides, use of transradial vascular approach provides decreased frequency of complications, that is very important among patients with signs of respiratory insufficiency, because of the inability of these patients to stay in bed within a day. 

References 

1.    Cowling M.G., Belli A.M. A potential pitfall in bronchial artery embolization. Clin. Radiol. 1995; 50: 105-107.

2.    Haponik E.F., Fein A., Chin R. Managing life-threatening hemoptysis: has anything really changed? Chest. 2000; 118: 1431-1435.

3.    Hirshberg B., Biran I., Glazer M. et al. Hemoptysis: etiology, evaluation, and outcome in a tertiary referral hospital. Chest. 1997; 112: 440-444.

4.    Saluja S., Henderson K.J., White R.I. Embolotherapy in the bronchial and pulmonary circulations. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 2000; 38: 425-448.

5.    Chandrasekar B., Doucet S., Bilodeau L. et al. Complications of cardiac catheterization in the current era: a single-center experience. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2001; 52(3): 289-295.

6.    Sherev D.A., Shaw R.E., Brent B.N. Angiographic predictors of femoral access site complications: implication for planned percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 65(2): 196-202.

7.    Tavris D.R., Gallauresi B.A., Lin B. et al. Risk of local adverse events following cardiac catheterisation by hemostasis device use and gender. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2004; 16(9): 459-464.

8.    Mc. Ivor J., Rhymer J.C. 245 transaxillary arteriograms in arteriopathic patients: success rate and complications. Gin. Radiol. 1992; 45: 390-394.

9.    Jolly S.S., Yusuf S., Cairns J. et al. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011; 377(9775): 1409-1420.

10.  Kanei Y, Kwan T., Nakra N.C. et al. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A review of access site complications. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

11.  Caputo R.P., Tremmel J.A., Rao S. et al. Transradial arterial access for coronary and peripheral procedures: Executive summary by the transradial committee of the SCAI. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2011.

Abstract:

Aim. Was to evaluate technicalfeasibility and safety of the internalmammary artery redistribution embolization during intra-artena chemotherapy in breast cancer

Materials and methods. Between 2000 and 2010 years 42 patients with inflammatory form of local-spread breast cancer received 48 courses of combined treatment, including systemic and arterial chemotherapy plus radiotherapy In 6 patients, blood flow redistribution n the internal mammary artery was performed to avoid undesirable extra-breast perfusion with possible complications such as neuralgia necrosis of the skin, organ dysfunction. Coil embolization of the internal mammary artery was made distally from branches supplying breast tumor. After that, infusion of chemotherapeutic drug-in-iodized oil was performed

Results. Technicalsuccess rate was 100%.There was no complication of embolization and intra-arterialtherapy During further repeated researches, a giography showed persistent occlusion of the embolized branches and compensatory dilation of tumor-feeding arteries.Survivalrate of patients starts from 2-22 months,with continuation of combined treatment.

Conclusion. Redistribution of blood flow in the internal mammary artery is safe and may be used to avoid complications of ntra-arterial chemotherapy in breast cancer. 

References 

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4.    Таразов П.Г., Павловский А.В., Гранов Д.А. Химиоэмболизация при раке головки поджелудочной железы. Вопросы онкологии. 2001; 47 (4): 489-491.

5.    Таразов П.Г. Эмболизация печеночной артерии при нетипичных анатомических вариантах ее строения у больных злокачественными опухолями печени. Вестник рентгенологии. 1990; 2: 28-32.

6.    Salem R., Thurston K.G. Radioembolization with 90 Yttrium microspheresa. Aa state-of-the-art brachytherapy treatment for primary and secondary liver malignancies, technical and methodologic considerations. J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2006; 17 (8): 1251-1278.

7.    Woods D. et al. Gluteal artery occlusion. Intraarterial chemotherapy of pelvic neoplasms. Radiology. 1985; 155 (2): 341-343.

8.    Корытова Л.И., Гранов А.М., Хазова Т.В. и др. Способ лечения инфильтративно-отечного рака молочной железы. 2177349, Б.И. 2001.

9.    Таразов П.Г., Корытова Л.И., Шачинов Е.Г Внутриартериальная терапия рака молочной железы (обзор литературы). Вопросы онкологии. 2011; 57 (1): 126-131.

10.  Doughty J.C. et al. Anatomical basis of intraarterial chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Br. J. Surg. 1996; 83 (8): 1128-1130.

11.  McCarter D.H.A. et al. Angiographic embolization of the distal internal mammary artery as an adjunct to regional chemotherapy in inoperable breast carcinoma. J. Vasc. Intervent. Radiol. 1995; 6 (2): 249-251.

Abstract:

Case report of two-staged treatment of hard palate hemangioendoteliom when at 1st stage has been executed bilateral selective endovascular emblization of maxillar final branches arteries by PVA spheres, and on 2nd tumor has been cut.

In the foreign literature till now it is described only about 30 cases of such tumor hard palate lesion. The combination of endovasculat embolization and traditional surgery methods leads to good esthetic and functional results of treatment with minimum surgical risk.  

References 

1.    Gordуn-Núñcez M.A. et al. Intraoral epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. А case report and review of the literature. Med. Oral. Patol.Oral. Cir. Bucal. 2010; 15 (2): 340–346.

2.    Chatelain B. et al. Maxillary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Сase report and review of the literature. Rev. Stomatol. Chir. 2009; 110 (1): 45–49.

3.    Mohtasham N. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. А case report. J. Oral. 2008; 50 (2): 219–223.

4.    Chi A.C. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol. End. 2005; 100 (6): 717–724.

5.    Flaitz C.M. et al. Primary intraoral epithelioid hemangioendothelioma presenting in childhood: review of the literature and case report. Ultrastruct. Pathol. 1995; 19 (4): 275–279.

6.    Sun Z.J. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. Oral Dis. 2007; 13 (2):244–250.

Abstract:

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive method. Application of RF ablation allowed to expand indications for more radical treatment of kidney tumors in patients, whom traditional nephrectomy or kidney resection are impossible, due to extremely adverse somatic status

Efficiency and safety of RF ablation are significantly increased if preceded in combination with superselective occlusion of blood vessels, supplying the tumor. We possess the experience of application of superselective embolization in combination with RF ablation of two patients with kidney tumors. In both cases a good result of combined treatment has been observed.

This combination (superselective embolization + RF ablation) can be an alternative to open operation on kidney in number of patients, expanding the arsenal of modern minimally invasive kidney tumor's treatment methods. 

Reference 

1.    Pavlov AJu., Klimenko A. A., Momdzhan B.K., Ivanov S.A. Radiochastotnaja intersticial'naja termoabljacija (RChA) raka pochki. [Radiofrequency interstitial termal ablation of renal cancer]. Jeksperimental'naja i klinicheskaja urologija. 2011; 2(3): 112-113 [In Russ].

2.    European Network of Cancer Registries. Eurocim version 4.0. European incidence database V2.3, 730 entity dictionary (2001). Lyon, 2001.

3.    Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovanija v Rossii v 2008 g. (zabolevaemost' i smertnost'). [Malignant neoplasms in Russian Federation in 2008 (morbidity and mortality)]. Pod red. V.I. Chissova, V.V. Starinskogo, G.V. Petrovoj. M. FGU «MNIOI im. P.A. Gercena Rosmedtehnologij». 2010 [ In Russ].

4.    Chow W.H., Devesa S.S., Warren J.L., Freumeni J.FJr. Rising incidence of renal cell carcer in the United States. JAMA. 1999; 281:1628-31.

5.    Nguyen M.M., ill I.S., Ellison L.M. The evolving presentation of renal carcinoma in the United States: trends from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. J. Urol. 2006; 176: 2397-400; discussion 2400.

6.    Kummerlin I.P., ten Kate F.J., Wijkstra H., de la Rosette J.J., Laguna M.P. Changes in the stage and surgical management of renal tumours during 1995-2005: an analysis of the Dutch national histopathology registry. BJU Int. 2008; 102 (8): 946-51. Epub 2008 Jun 28.

7.    Ankem M.K., Nakada S.Y. Needle-nephron-sparing surgery. BJU Int. 2005; 95 (2): 46-51.

8.    Havranek E., Anderson C. Future prospects for nephron conservation in renal cell carcinoma. In: Kirby R.S., O’Leary M.P., editors. Hot topics in urology. Amsterdam. The Netherlands: Elsevier. 2004; 227-38.

9.    Marberger M., Mauerman J. Energy ablation nephron-sparing treatment of renal tumors. AUA Update Series. 2004; 23:178-83.

10.  Reddan D.N., Raj G.V., Polascik TJ. Management of small renal tumors: an overview. Am. J. Med. 2001; 110: 558-62.

11.  Weld K.J., Landman L. Comparison of cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound for treating small renal tumors. BJU Int. 2005; 96:1224-9.

12.  Uzzo R.G., Novick A.C. Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors: indications techniques and outcomes. J. Urol. 2001; 166:6-18.

13.  Dolgushin B.I., Kosyrev VJu., Ramprabanant S. Radiochastotnaja ablacija v onkologii. Prakticheskaja onkologija. 2007; 8(4): 219-227 [In Russ].

14.  Vogl TJ., Helmberger T.K., Mack M.G., Reiser M.F. (Eds.) Percutaneous Tumor Ablation in Medical Radiology. ISBN 978-3-540-22518-8 Springer. Berlin. Heidelberg. New York. 2008.

15.  Winthrop H. Hal, John P. McGahan, Daniel P. Link and Ralph W. deVere White. Combined Embolization and Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of a Solid Renal Tumor. AJR. 2000; 174:1592-1594.

16.  Yamakado K., Nakatsuka A., Kobayashi S., Akeboshi M., Takaki H., Kariya Z., Kinbara H., Arima K., Yanagawa M., Hori Y., Kato H., Sugimura Y., Takeda K. Radiofrequency ablation combined with renal arterial embolization for the treatment of unresectable renal cell carcinoma larger than 3.5 cm: initial experience. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2006; 29(3): 389-94.

17.  Klingler H.C., Marberger M., Mauermann J. et al. ’Skipping’ is still a problem with radiofrequency ablation of small renal tumours. BJU Int. 2007; 99: 998-1001.

18.  Goldberg S.N., Gazelle G.S., Mueller P.R. Thermal ablation therapy for focal malignancy: A unified approach to underlying principles, techniques and diagnostic imaging guidance. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2000; 174: 323-31.

19.  Lee M. Ellis, Steven A. Curley, Kenneth K. Tanabe. Radiofrequency Ablation for Cancer.Current Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. 2004; Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

20.  Salagierski M., Salagierski M. Radiofrequency ablation partial nephrectomy: a new method of nephron-sparing surgery in selected patients. Int. J. Urol. 2006; 13(11): 1456-9.

21.  Veltri A., Garetto I., Pagano E., Tosetti I., Sacchetto P., Fava C. Percutaneous RF termal ablation of renal tumors: is US guidance really less favorable than other imaging guidance techniques? Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2009; 32(1): 76-85. Epub 2008 Aug 15.

22.  Schirmang T.C., Mayo-Smith W.W., Dupuy D.E., Beland M.D., Grand D.J. Kidney neoplasms: renal halo sign after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation-incidence and clinical importance in 101 consecutive patients. Radiology. 2009; 253(1): 263-9. Epub 2009 Jul. 31.

Abstract:

Purpose. Оf the study was to prevent complications and improve the results of left-sided varicocele treatment.

Material and methods. Severe complications of open surgery (Ivanisevich technique) and endovascular procedures (left internal testicular vein embolization with metal coils) were analyzed.

Results. In all these cases we performed control angiographywas perfomed and the degree of anatomical and functional disturbances was assessed. Ways of complication prevention and countermeasures were offered.

Conclusions. Visualization of testicular venous bed should be made before any surgical or endovascular intervention on left varicocele. A surgeon should be aware of all possible complications. If some complication occurs, urgent visualization of the vascular bed and tissues ought to be performed, angiography being the golden standard. Complications if diagnosed should be eliminated as soon as possible by specialists. 

References 

1.      Ivanissevich O., Gregorini H. Una neuva operation   para curar el varicocele. S.Semana med. (Buenos Aires).   1918;   20:575-576.

2.      Dubin   L., Amelan R.D. Varicocelectomi as   Therapy   in   Male   infertility Stady   of 504 cases.    J.     Urol.    1975;     133 (15):604-641.

3.      Hommonai  Z.T.  et  al.  Tecticula function after herniotomy. Herniotomy and fertility. Andrologia. 1980; 11: 115-120.

4.      Рыжков В.К., Карев А.В., Таразов П.Г. и др. Комбинированные методы внутрисосудистых вмешательств при лечении варикоцеле. Урология и нефрология. 1999; 3: 18-22.

5.      Артюхин А.А. Фундаментальные основы сосудистой андрологии. М.: «Академия».  2008; 222.

6.      Кадыров З.А. Лапароскопическая урологическая хирургия. Урология и нефрология.  1997; 1: 40-44.

7.      Ким В.В., Казимиров В.Г. Анатомо-функциональное обоснование оперативного лечения варикоцеле. М.: ИД «Медпрактика-М». 2008; 112.

8.      Bach D. et al. Spaterqebnise nach Sclerotherapie der Varicocele. Uroloqe. 1984; 23 (6): 338-341.

Abstract:

Purpose: to prove the safety and efficiency of minimally invasive endovascular and puncture techniques in management of splen diseases in children.

Aims: to develop standard procedures and justify the necessity of splenic artery embolization (SAE) in hemangiomas, extrahepatic portal hypertension, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Develop standard procedures for splenic cysts treatment in pediatric practice.

Materials and methods: there were 129 children aged 3-16 years treated in Endovascular Surgery Department of Russian State Pediatric Hospital (Moscow) with the following diagnoses: hemangiomas (4 patients), hereditary hemolytic globular-cell anemia - HHGCA (41 cases), extrahepatic portal hypertension - EHPG (25 cases), ITP (24 cases), and nonparasitic cysts (35 patients).

Results: SAE is shown to be effective in treatment the diseases where splenic hyperfunctioning is seen. In HHGCA and ITP no hemolytic crises were seen, and there was no need of substitution therapy after performing the SAE procedure. In cases of EHPG splenic artery embolization is proved to reduce the esophageal varices and decrease hypersplenia symptoms. Among the advantages of endovascular approach can be named minimal operation trauma and splenic tissue preservation. The authors present an algorithm for splenic cysts treatment in pediatric practice. It was shown that laparoscopy is effective in big (over 70-80 mm) subcapsular cysts, whereas intraparenchymatous cysts fewer than 70 mm in diameter are more suitable for puncture techniques.

Conclusions: the minimally invasive techniques are shown to be safe and effective in management of splen diseases in pediatric practice. It was shown that their effectiveness is comparable to the conventional methods, meanwhile they cause much less operation trauma, reduce the hospital stay and terms of rehabilitation.

References 

1.    LokichJ., Cosstello P. Splenic embolization to prevent dose limitation of cancer chemotherapy. Am.J. Roentgenol. 1983; 140: 159-161.

2.    Spigos  D.G., Jonasson  O.  Partial  splenic embolisation in the treatment of hypersplenism. Am.J. Roentgenol. 1979; 132: 777-782.

3.    Styrt B.  Infection associated with asplenia: risk, echanism and prevention. Am. J. Med.1990; 88: 5-33.

4.    Никаноров А.Ю.  Рентгеноэндоваскулярная окклюзия в подавлении патологической функции селезенки у детей. Дис. канд.мед. наук. М. 1990.    13.

5.    Григорьева Е.Г., Апарицина К.А.  Органосохраняющая хирургия селезенки.  Новосибирск. 2001; 23-78.

6.    Дергачев А.И. Абдоминальная эхография. М. 2002; 15-25.

7.    Журило И.П., Литовка В.П., Кононученко В.П.,  Москаленко  В.З.  Непаразитарные кисты селезенки у детей. Хирургия. 1993; 8:59-61

8.    Куликов Л.К.,  Филиппов А.Г. Хирургическая тактика при непаразитарных кистах селезенки. Хирургия. 1995; 2: 62-63.

9.      Fowler   R.H.   Nonparasitic   bening   cystic tumors of the spleen. Int. Abstr. Surg. 1953; 96: 209-227.

10.    Martel M., Cheuk W. Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT). Report of 25 Cases of Distinctive Begin Splenic Lesion. J. Surg. Pathol. 2004; 28 (10): 1268-1279.

11.    Кургузов О.П., Кузнецов Н.А., Артюхина Е.Г. Непаразитарные кисты селезенки. Хирургия. 1990; 6: 130-133.

12.    Папаскуа И.З. Возможности чрескожных пункционно-дренирующих вмешательств с ультразвуковым контролем в лечении кист печени, почек и селезенки. Дис. канд. мед. наук. С-Пб. 2003.

13.    Ратнер Г.Р. Непаразитарные кисты селезенки. Вестник хирургии.1997; 5: 104-105.

14.    Шишкин К.В. Хирургическое лечение непаразитарных кист печени и селезенки. Хирургия (журнал имени Н.И. Пирогова). 2006; 10: 62-66.

15.    Маннанов А.Г. Эндоскопическая хирургия непаразитарных кист селезенки у детей. Дис. канд. мед. наук. М. 2004.

16.    Филижанко В.Н.,  Шеменева Е.Г.,  Фомин А.М. и др. Лапароскопические вмешательства при кистах печени и селезенки. Эндоскопическая хирургия. 1998; 1: 56.

17.    Bove T., Delvaux G., Van Eijkelenburg P., De Backer A., Willems G. Laparoscopic-assisted surgery of the spleen: clinical experience in expanding indications. J. Laparoendosc. Surg. 1996; 6 (4): 213-217.

18.  Bean WJ., Rodan B.A. Hepatic cysts: Treatment with alcohol. AJR. 1985; 237-241.

19.  Gresik M.V.  Pathology of the spleen. New-York. 1989; 37.

20.  Velkova K., Nedeva A. Our experience in the diagnostiks of liver and spleen hemangiomas. Plovdiv. Folia. Med. 1997; 39 (1): 85-91.

21.  Levy A.D., Abbot R.M., Abbondanso S.L. Littoral cell angioma of the splen: CT features with clinicopatologic comparison. Radiology. 2004; 230 (2): 485-490.

22.  Yano H., Imasato M., Monde T. et al. Hand-assisted   laparoscopic splenectomy for splenic vascular tumors:  report of two cases.  Surg.Laparosc. Percutan. Tech. 2003; 13 (4): 286-289.

23.  Coon W.W. Splenectomy in the threatment of hemolitic   anemia.   Arch.   Surg.   1985;   120: 625-628.

Abstract:

Purpose: South Kazakhstan Regional Cancer Clinic presents the immediate results of hepatic artery chemotherapy infusion and chemoembolization in patients with hepatic tumors. 

Material and methods: hepatic artery chemoembolization and chemotherapy infusion was performed in 70 patients (47 males, 67,1%) with hepatic tumors since 2004-2008. There were all in all 42 cases (60%) of primary hepatic carcinoma, and in 28 patients (40%) the procedure was done for liver metastatic malignancies. Hepatic artery chemotherapy infusion (HACI) was performed in 50 cases, including 32 patients (45,7%) with primary hepatic carcinoma, and 18 patients (25,7%) with metastatic foci. Hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE) performed in 20 patients, including 10 patients (17,1%) with primary hepatic carcinoma, and 8 cases (11,4%) of metastatic malignancies. 

Results: significant regression of primary cancer foci and uneventful 3 years follow-up were seen in 2 patients (4,76%), partial regression of the lesion - in 6 (14,3%) of cases, tumor stabilization - in 16 (38%), and tumor progression were found in 8 (19%) of patients. 12 months survival with tumor stabilization was 33,3% (14 patients), 18 months survival - 7,14% (3 patients). Post-procedure mortality in terms of 4 to 8 months made up as high as 30,9% (13 patients). HACE procedure resulted with tumor regression in 8 of 10 patients; the effect sustained for 3-5 months already. For the present moment, 2nd and 3d HACE session is scheduled for this group of patients.

Conclusions: HACI is shown to be effective in treatment of primary and to improve the quality of life in 45,2% of cases. Thus, wide use of the method could be recommended in such a complicated category of patients. HACE procedure results are also hopeful, tumor stabilization starting after the first session.

References

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Abstract:

Hemobilia is known as one of the most severe complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. In the present case, the severe bleeding developed as a result of balloon dilatation and stenting of malignant stricture. Emergency transhepatic arterial embolization was performed with good results. We also discuss 7 cases of hemobilia in our hospital, 3 of which were successfully treated with transcatheter embolotherapy. We conclude that transhepatic arterial embolization appears to be effective and safe treatment for massive hemobilia.

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Abstract:

Some authors point out that transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective method of hemostasis. In medical literature this method of hemostasis is not covered sufficiently.

The period under analysis is 200412008. During this period 13 patients with gastro1duodenal hemorrhage underwent endovascular interventon. Among those patients there were 6 women and 7 men at 43 to 85.

All the patients were initially in bad condition.

In 2 cases the source of bleeding was duodenal ulcer, in 2 cases it was pancreatolysis in the phase of mattery fusion of parapancre1atic infiltrate, in 1 case it was hemorrhage in the postoperative period after the operation, performed in the case of choledocholithiasis, in 3 cases it was hemorrhage from the cancerous growth of the duodenal mamelon, in 3 cases the source of bleeding was putres1 cent cancer of the head of pancreas, in 1 case it was cancer of gall bladder, attaching dodecadactylon, in 1 case it was ventrical vari1cosity accompanied by left portal hypertension, which developed after previous pancreatolysis.

Actions performed: 10 gastro1duodenal artery embolizations, in 2 cases combined with embolization of the common hepatic artery, in 1 case combined with embolization of the lower pancreaticoduodenal artery; in 1 case isolated infusion of haemostatics into the gastroduodenal artery was performed, in 1 case it was embolization of the lower pancreaticoduodenal artery, in 1 case it was truncal embolization of the splenic artery.

All the patients had hemostasis achieved. No recurrent hemostasis was observed during the whole period of the patient care.

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Abstract:

Aim: a case report of a 5-year experience of regional (arterial chemoembolization) treatment of a patient with isolated liver metastases of skin melanoma.

Materials and Methods: in 1994, the patient performed excision of melanoma in the right scapular region. Patient didn't undergo another treatment. During examination in 2006 metastasis in the liver was revealed. Patient recieved five rounds of chemotherapy Aranoza, Temodal, Kanglite. Metastatic tumer, sized 16,5 х14,5 х18,5 cm, occupied right liver lobe with deformation of it. After gaining this data - patient received 2 courses of liver chemoembolization in 2008.

Results: during the 5 years follow-up - progression of tumor lesion is not noticed.

Conclusion: the optimal transarterial chemoembolization creates possibilities for an efficient delivery of drugs and tumor embolization particles in the affected organ, particularly in the liver. In addition to surgery (with resectable formations) and systemic chemotherapy, above capabilities regional transarterial therapy can provide long term as new palliative treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.

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Abstract:

Introduction. The RECIST criteria, which are routinely used to assess results of treatment of colorectal liver metastases with the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), are not based on the identification of the tumor necrosis, and therefore their objectivity is questionable.

Aim: was to develop method of assessment of tumor response, based on tumor necrosis after TACE.

Materials and Methods: own technique of assessment of the tumor responce, based on measurement of computed tomography density of metastatic lesions in native and post-contrast phases, before and after treatment («criteria of N») is offered. Data of 13 patients who have undergone treatment of metastases of a colorectal cancer in a liver by the TACE method with application of microspheres «DC Beads» and irinotekan are analysed. Comparison of results of treatment according to criteria of RECIST and «criteria of N» is carried out.

Results: аccording to RECIST criteria stable disease was achieved in 11(85%) patients, and 2(15%) patients had a partial response. Neither complete response, nor progressive disease was observed. Later, progressive disease occurred in 11 patients. The period from the start of treatment until progression fixation averaged 7-9 months. According to the «N criteria», 4 (31%) patients had a complete response, 6(46%) patients had a partial response: and in 3(23%) patients we detected stable disease. Then progressive disease was monitored in all 13 patients, the period from the start of treatment until the progression fixation averaged 3-6 months. In 4 cases the progression process according to «N criteria» was detected earlier than by RECIST criteria.

Conclusion: The usе of RECIST criteria may underestimate the objective response to treatment, and as a result - the progression of disease later on. The proposed method of tumor response assessment, based on the analysis of tumor necrosis («the N criteria»), proves to be more productive. 

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