Abstract:

Aim: was to assess the frequency, predominant localization and severity of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries according to multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with suspicion on coronary heart disease (CHD).

Materials and methods: analysis of results of CT of coronary arteries (CT-CA) was carried out in 1590 patients. The average age was 53,9 ± 10,7 years. The number of men was 1133 (71,3%). Studies were carried out on 64- and 256-slice CT scanners.

Results: in patients with suspicion on coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries (CA) were not detected in 582 (36,6%) cases. Minimal and initial CA stenoses were observed in 80 (5%) and 416 (26,2%) patients, respectively. Moderate CA stenoses were found in 236 (14,8%) patients. Severe coronary artery stenoses were detected in 183 patients (11,5%). CA occlusions were observed in 84 (5,3%) cases. Most often, the stenotic process was detected in proximal segments of coronary arteries, in particular, in the left anterior descending artery.

Conclusions: MDCT makes it possible to determine in detail the severity and nature of atherosclerotic coronary lesions, as well as to assess the predominant location of plaques.

References

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Abstract:

Article is devoted to a problem of radiation dose during multi-spiral computed tomograpy of abdominal cavity. This review describes the basic and additional methods of reducing the radiation exposure at CT with intravenous contrast enhancement. Results of researches conducted in recent years were considered and analyzed. Nuances of reduction of radiation exposure in specific cases were analyzed. Prospects of reducing the dose of contrast agent in abdominal MDCT with IV contrast media administration were estimated. The importance of control of radiation exposure of patients is proved.

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Abstract:

Retained cotton foreign bodies (gossypibomas) after abdominal surgery are rare postoperative complication. However gossypiboma can be infected, that leads to pyogenic inflammation, sharply worsens the condition of the patient and requiring re-operation. In late postoperative period gossypibomas can simulate neoplasms of the abdominal cavity In connection with this, the detection of foreign bodies is actual diagnostic problem. MDCT is one of the most effective non-invasive methods in diagnostics of retained foreign bodies. Such diagnostics needs to be careful in examination of the patient's anamnesis and to know variants of computed tomography imaging. The use of radiopaque tags for marking surgical materials, probably, is the optimal solution of gossypiboma disgnostics' problem.

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Abstract:

Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of the dynamic MDCT in the differential diagnosis of gastric diseases compared with conventional upper gastrointestinal barium study and endoscopy

Materials and methods: 130 patients with different gastric lesions underwent dynamic MDCT The detection rate of the gastric lesion and the diagnostic accuracy of each method were calculated by the use of surgical and histopathologic results as reference standards.

Results: diagnostic accuracies of methods in the differential diagnosis of gastric tumors with exophytic growth were: endoscopy - 91%, barium study - 50%, MDCT - 87%; in the differential diagnosis of ulceration: endoscopy - 78%, barium study - 84%, MDCT - 93%; and in the diagnosis of diffuse type of gastric cancer: endoscopy - 82%, barium study - 75%, MDCT - 100%.

Conclusion: integration of the dynamic MDCT in algorithms of diagnostics of gastric lesions can improve detection rates of stomach diseases and the accuracy of their differential diagnosis.

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