Abstract: Article presents a retrospective analysis of using the modified way experience in removing the occlusive substrate from cerebral vessels in the ischemic stroke acute phase after failed standard thrombectomy. Aim: to study the efficacy and advantages of thrombectomy technique from intracranial arteries in patients with acute ischemic stroke combining a stent-retriever with reperfusion catheter in comparison with the standard stent retriever thromboextraction. Methods: we analyzed 54 hospital charts of patients who had underwent endovascular recanalization of intracranial large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into two equal groups, depending on thrombus removal method. Standard stent-retriever thrombectomy with a balloon guide-catheter was performed as the first stage in both groups. In 27 cases (1st group), after standard stent-retriever technique failed, we carried out combination of retriever extraction with distal aspiration and a guiding balloon-catheter. If we couldn’t safely insert stent-retriever into catheter of distal approach (during thrombectomy), we switched to vacuum aspiration from guiding balloon-catheter (vacuum-blocked) and removed stent-retriever, microcatheter and distal approach catheter simultaneously without reducing tension. In 27 patients (2nd group) after standard thrombectomy failed we repeated this technique several times. Results: embolic complications relative risk was 2,249, 95% CI (1,126 - 4,492) and reperfusion mTICI 3 100% versus 74,07% rate was higher in the first group, in comparison with the second group. Other complications and hospital outcomes of disease did not differ between groups. Conclusion: a stent retriever combined with distal aspiration and a simultaneous transition to vacuum-blocked extraction using after an unsuccessful standard thrombectomy increases the efficiency of complete reperfusion by 25%. Its use is 1,8 times safer than standard thrombectomy in terms of embolic complications.
Abstract: Introduction: basilar artery thrombosis (BAT) is the cause of about 1% of ischemic strokes (IS). About 27% of strokes in posterior circulation are associated with BAT. Mortality in BAT without recanalization reaches 85-95%. In 80.7% of patients with BAT at the onset of disease a decrease in level of consciousness is observed, in 34% of them – coma. Aim: was to show the possibility of performing thrombectomy (TE) in patients with BAT and reduced level of consciousness as the only effective way to prevent death in this pathology. Materials and methods: two case reports of successful TE from basilar artery in patients with IS and decrease in level of wakefulness to coma, are presented. Results: article describes two successful cases of TE in patients with angiographically confirmed BAT and decrease in the level of consciousness to moderate coma at the onset of disease. In two presented patients, TE made a complete restoration of BA blood flow. Good clinical outcomes were noted in both patients by 90th day of disease (modified Rankin scale 0-2 points). The Rivermead mobility index at discharge from hospital was 14 points, and the Bartel index by 90th day – complete independence from others in everyday life (from 90 to 100 points), and that once again indicates that TE in BAT is not only a life-saving procedure, but significantly improves functional and clinical outcomes of disease. Conclusions: basilar artery thrombosis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent reperfusion therapy as the only effective method of treatment. Endovascular treatment for basilar artery thrombosis should be considered in all patients, regardless the decrease in the level of consciousness at the onset of disease, because thrombectomy is a life-saving procedure. References 1. Reinemeyer NE, Tadi P, Lui F. Basilar Artery Thrombosis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; January 31, 2021. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532241/ 2. Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, et al. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(9): 790-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30233-3 3. Ikram A, Zafar A. Basilar Artery Infarct. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 10, 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551854/ 4. Gory B, Mazighi M, Labreuche J, et al. Predictors for Mortality after Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018; 45(1-2): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486690 5. Writing Group for the BASILAR Group, Zi W, Qiu Z, et al. Assessment of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion via a Nationwide Prospective Registry. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(5): 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0156 6. Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15(11): 1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 7. Liu Z, Liebeskind DS. Basilar Artery Occlusion and Emerging Treatments. Semin Neurol. 2021; 41(1): 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722638 8. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019; 50(12): 344-418. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211 9. Baik SH, Park HJ, Kim JH, et al. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Subtypes of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Relationship to Recanalization Rate and Clinical Outcome. Radiology. 2019; 291(3): 730-737. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019181924 10. Weber R, Minnerup J, Nordmeyer H, et al. Thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke: differences in procedures and outcome compared to anterior circulation stroke in the prospective multicentre REVASK registry. Eur J Neurol. 2019; 26(2): 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13809 11. Kang DH, Jung C, Yoon W, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7(14): 009419. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009419 12. Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19(2): 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30395-3 13. Potter JK, Clemente JD, Asimos AW. Hyperdense basilar artery identified on unenhanced head CT in three cases of pediatric basilar artery occlusion. Am J Emerg Med. 2021; 42: 221-224.
Abstract: Introduction: up to the present day, there were no published multicenter randomized researches, that could compare combined concept of thrombectomy, including different methods of stent-retrievers traction with elements of aspiration and thrombolysis. There is no data on the effect of embolic complications after extraction of thrombus from cerebral arteries on outcomes of treatment. Aim: was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with ischemic stroke basing on a comparison of results of various methods of endovascular thrombectomy from cerebral vessels and intravenous thrombolysis, and on the base of assessment of effect of distal embolism on treatment outcomes in acute period of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: we carried out statistical analysis of results of different methods of thrombectomy in 75 patients and intravenous thrombolysis in 75 patients in acute phase of ischemic stroke. Effect of embolic complications after thrombectomy on outcomes of treatment of ischemic stroke was determined. Results: groups of patients were comparable in age, neurological deficit, sex, localization and stroke subtype. The first group is burdened by the proportion of documented cerebral artery occlusion, diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke in anamnesis. Differences in deaths and disability rates were not reliable. Thrombectomy demonstrated neurological deficit regression at all evaluation intervals, as well as the superiority of 2 times at achievement of functionally independent outcome in comparison with intravenous thrombolysis group. Conclusions: a concept to thrombectomy, that supposes different methods of use of stent-retrievers and aspiration demonstrates better functional outcomes in treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase compared with intravenous thrombolysis. Embolic complications of reperfusion treatment adversely affect ischemic stroke outcomes and should be considered as a factor requiring minimization. References 1. Domashenko MA, Maksimova MY, Gafarova ME et al. The personification of reperfusion therapy approaches for ischemic stroke. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2017;11(1):7-13 [In Russ]. 2. Powers W, Rabinstein A, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018; 49(3):e46-e99. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000158 3. Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI et al.; IST-3 collaborative group. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2012;379(9834):2352-2363. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60768-5 4. Riedel C, Zimmermann P, Jensen-Kondering U et al. The Importance of Size: successful recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior stroke depends on thrombus length. Stroke. 2011;42(6):1775-1777. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.609693 5. Kharitonova T, Ahmed N, Thoren M et al. Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign on Admission CT Scan – Prognostic Significance for Ischaemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2008;27(1): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1159/000172634 6. Thomalla G, Kruetzelmann A, Siemonsen S et al. Clinical and Tissue Response to Intravenous Thrombolysis in Tandem Internal Carotid Artery/Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Stroke. 2008;39(5):1616-1618. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.504951 7. Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) – European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) guidelines on mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2019;11(6):535-538. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014568 8. Fransen P, Berkhemer O, Lingsma H et al. Time to Reperfusion and Treatment Effect for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology. 2016;73(2):190-196. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3886 9. Goyal M, Demchuk A, Menon B et al. Randomized Assessment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11): 1019-1030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 10. Campbell B, Mitchell P, Kleinig T et al. Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11): 1009-1018. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414792 11. Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas J et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(11):1138-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 12. Jovin T, Chamorro A, Cobo E et al. Thrombectomy within 8 Hours after Symptom Onset in Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(24):2296-2306. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503780 13. Muir K, Ford G, Messow C et al. Endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: the Pragmatic Ischaemic Stroke Thrombectomy Evaluation (PISTE) randomised, controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2016;88(1):38-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-314117 14. Saver J, Goyal M, Bonafe A et al. Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(24):2285-2295. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1415061 15. McCarthy D, Diaz A, Sheinberg D et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. The Scientific World Journal. 2019; 2019:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7403104 16. Logvinenko RL, Domashenko MA, Frantsevich AM et al. Choice of reperfusion strategy in acute period of ischemic stroke. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2018;12(2):77-84 [In Russ]. 17. Semitko SP, Analeev AI, Azarov AV et al. Results of primary endovascular treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke and high risk or contraindication for thrombolytic therapy. Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2018;12(4):52-58. [In Russ] 18. Kang D, Kim B, Heo J et al. Effect of balloon guide catheter utilization on contact aspiration thrombectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018;1-7. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.JNS181045 19. Maegerlein C, Monch S, Boeckh-Behrens T et al. PROTECT: PRoximal balloon Occlusion TogEther with direCt Thrombus aspiration during stent retriever thrombectomy – evaluation of a double embolic protection approach in endovascular stroke treatment. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2017;10(8):751-755. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013558 20. Goto S, Ohshima T, Ishikawa K et al. A Stent-Retrieving into an Aspiration Catheter with Proximal Balloon (ASAP) Technique: A Technique of Mechanical Thrombectomy. World Neurosurgery. 2018;109:e468-e475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.004 21. Lee D, Sung J, Kim S et al. Effective use of balloon guide catheters in reducing incidence of mechanical thrombectomy related distal embolization. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2017;159(9):1671-1677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3256-3 22. Stampfl S, Pfaff J, Herweh C et al. Combined proximal balloon occlusion and distal aspiration: a new approach to prevent distal embolization during neurothrombectomy. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2016;9(4):346-351. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012208 23. Maus V, Behme D, Kabbasch C et al. Maximizing First-Pass Complete Reperfusion with SAVE. Clinical Neu-roradiology. 2017;28(3):327-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-017-0566-z 24. Jadhav A, Aghaebrahim A, Horev A et al. Stent Retriever-Mediated Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Interventional Neurology. 2016;6(1-2):16-24. https://doi.org/10.1159/000449321 25. Patent RUS №2670193/ 18.10.18. Byul. №29. Logvinenko RL, Arablinskiy AV, Domashenko MA et al. The method of endovascular combined thrombectomy from cerebral arteries. [In Russ.] Available at (23.09.2019): 26. Hwang Y, Kang D, Kim Y, Kim Y, Park S, Suh C. Outcome of forced-suction thrombectomy in acute intracranial internal carotid occlusion. J Neurointervent Surg. 2012;5(suppl 1):i81-i84. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010277 27. 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Abstract: Introduction: among patients with ischemic stroke (IS), more than 17% has atrial fibrillation (AF). The active application of aspiration thrombectomy (AT), in addition to thrombolytic therapy (TLT), can significantly improve functional outcome, prognosis and survival of patients with IS. The main method of preventing of IS in patients with nonvalvular AF today is still an anticoagulant therapy, but percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of the left atrium appendage (LAA) can be an alternative method, especially if anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated or ineffective. Aim: was to demonstrate results of a complex staged treatment of an age-related patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, complicated by the development of cardioembolic ischemic stroke while taking anticoagulants. Material and methods: a clinical observation of a 81-year-old patient delivered to the hospital with a clinical manifestation of ischemic stroke in the “therapeutic window”, with a history of persistent AF and taking anticoagulants, is presented. After conservative therapy - a regression of neurological symptoms was achieved. Three days after - negative dynamics in the clinical picture with development of aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Multispiral computed tomography with contrast (MSCT-A): occlusion of M2 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Patient underwent aspiration thrombectomy with complete restoration of blood flow and regression of neurological symptoms. After 2 months from the episode of IS, patient underwent implantation of occlude in the left atrial appendage as a prophylaxis of re-embolism, followed by the abolition of warfarin. Results: a senile patient returned to normal life and self-care (assessed using the modified Rankin scale 1). During next 13 months patient had no major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or significant bleeding and all that shows that occlusion of LAA is effective. Conclusions: in the early period of ischemic stroke, isolated aspiration thrombectomy is the operation of choice in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindication for thrombolytic therapy, and endovascular occlusion of the left atrial appendage can be the method of choice for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Further studies are required to assess applicability and reproducibility of the approach we have described in routine clinical practice. References 1. Hankey G.J. Stroke. The Lancet. 2017; 389 (10069): 641-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30962-X 2. Feigin V.L., Krishnamurthi R.V., Parmar P., et al; GBD Writing Group; GBD 2013 Stroke Panel Experts Group. Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: The GBD 2013 Study. Neuroepidemiology. 2015; 45 (3):161-76. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441085 3. Savello AV, Voznjuk IA, Svistov DV, Babichev KN, Kandyba DV, Shenderov SV, Vlasenko SV, Shlojdo EA, Kachesov JeJu, Esipovich ID, Haritonova TV. Results of treatment of ischemic stroke using intravascular thromboembolectomy in conditions of regional vascular centers in a metropolis (St. Petersburg). Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2018; 118 (12-2): 54-63. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201811812254 4. Savello AV, Svistov DV, Sorokoumov VA. Endovascular treatments for ischemic stroke: Present status and prospects. Nevrologia, nejropsihiatria, psihosomatika. 2015; 7 (4): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2015-4-42-49 5. Saposnik G., Gladstone D., Raptis R., et al. Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network (RCSN) and the Stroke Outcomes Research Canada (SORCan) Working Group. Atrial fibrillation in ischemic stroke: predicting response to thrombolysis and clinical outcomes. Stroke. 2013; 44 (1): 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.676551 6. Lin H.J., Wolf P.A., Kelly-Hayes M., et al. Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1996; 27 (10): 1760-1764. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.27.10.1760 7. Pistoia F., Sacco S., Tiseo C., et al. The Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke. Cardiol Clin. 2016; 34 (2): 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2015.12.002 8. Aguilar M.I., Hart R., Pearce L.A. Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; 18 (3): CD006186. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006186.pub2 9. Kamel H., Healey J.S. Cardioembolic Stroke. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (3): 514-526. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407 10. Go A.S., Hylek E.M, Phillips K.A., et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001; 285 (18): 2370-2375. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.18.2370 11. Demaerschalk B.M., Kleindorfer D.O., Adeoye O.M., et al. American Heart Association Stroke Council and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Scientific Rationale for the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016; 47 (2): 581-641. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000086 12. Powers W.J., Rabinstein A.A., Ackerson T., et al. 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Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the choice of strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute period, based on literature review. Aim: was to develop the concept of effective thromboextraction (TE), based on the evaluation of factors influencing results of reperfusion treatment of ischemic stroke (IS), methods of endovascular restoration of cerebral blood flow Materials and methods: meta-analysis of 44 sources of domestic and foreign literature is performed. The analysis of factors limiting the effectiveness of various reperfusion approaches and the analysis of modern methods of thrombectomy are performed. Results: it is established, that SMAT (Solumbra) and PROTECT techniques have an advantage in comparison with aspiration approaches to thrombectomy in reducing the period to full reperfusion; methods with temporary occlusion of the source vessel (BGC) SAVE and PROTECT significantly reduce the risk of stroke spread to new vascular areas of the brain and increase the frequency of successful recanalization. Conclusion: at present time, the PROTECT is the most effective technique in the frequency of successful recanalization, the degree and speed of achieved reperfusion, as well as in the prevention of distal embolization. Extrapolation of experience and principles from other sections of interventional radiology, development of new methods and strategies of brain reperfusion, depending on the morphology of thromboembolism, its size, localization and extent may contribute to improving results of endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. References 1. 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Eva A. Mistry, Akshitkumar M. Mistry, Mohammad Obadah Nakawah, Mechanical Thrombectomy Outcomes with and without Intravenous Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients. Stroke. 2017 Sept; 48(9): 2450-2456. 23. Kaesmacher J., Boeckh-Behrens T., Simon S. et al. Risk of Thrombus Fragmentation during Endovascular Stroke Treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 May; 38(5): 991-998. 24. Nikoubashman O., Reich A., Pjontek R. et al. Postinterventional subarachnoid haemorrhage after endovascular stroke treatment with stent retrievers. Neuroradiology. 2014 Dec; 56(12): 1087-1096. 25. Kang D.H., Park J. Endovascular Stroke Therapy Focused on Stent Retriever Thrombectomy and Direct Clot Aspiration: Historical Review and Modern Application J Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 May; 60(3): 335-347. 26. Kang D.H., Hwang YH., Kim YS. et al. Direct thrombus retrieval using the reperfusion catheter of the penumbra system: forced-suction thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Feb; 32(2): 283 - 287. 27. Hwang YH., Kang D.H., Kim YW. et al. Outcome of forced-suction thrombectomy in acute intracranial internal carotid occlusion. J Neurointervent Surg. 2013; 5 (Suppl 1): 81-84. 28. Turk AS, Spiotta A, Frei D, et al. Initial clinical experience with the ADAPT technique: a direct aspiration first pass technique for stroke thrombectomy. J Neurointervent Surg. 2014 Apr; 6(3): 231-237. 29. Lee D.H., Sung J.H., Kim S.U. et al. Effective use of balloon guide catheters in reducing incidence of mechanical thrombectomy related distal embolization. Acta Neurochirurgica 2017 Sept; 159(9): 1671-1677. 30. Kang D.H., Kim YW., Hwang YH. et al. Switching strategy for mechanical thrombectomy of acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Stroke. 2013; Dec; 44(12): 3577-3579. 31. Deshaies EM. Tri-axial system using the Solitaire-FR and Penumbra Aspiration Microcatheter for acute mechanical thrombectomy. J Clin Neurosci. 2013; 20(9): 1303-1305. 32. Humphries W., Hoit D., Doss V.T. et al. Distal aspiration with retrievable stent assisted thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 2015; 7(2): 90-94. 33. Lee J.S., Hong J.M., Lee S.J. et al. The combined use of mechanical thrombectomy devices is feasible for treating acute carotid terminus occlusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155(4): 635 - 641. 34. Jadhav A.P, Aghaebrahim A., Horev A. et. al. Jovina, Stent Retriever-Mediated Manual Aspiration Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Interv Neurol. 2017 Mar; 6(1-2): 16 - 24. 35. Maegerlein C., Mцnch S., Boeckh-Behrens T. et al. PROTECT: PRoximal balloon Occlusion TogEther with direCt Thrombus aspiration during stent retriever thrombectomy - evaluation of a double embolic protection approach in endovascular stroke treatment. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017; 0: 1 - 5. 36. Maus V., Behme D., Kabbasch C. et al. Maximizing First-Pass Complete Reperfusion with SAVE. Clin Neuroradiol. 2017 Feb 13. doi: 10.1007/s00062-017-0566-z. 37. Wiesmann M., Brockmann M.A., Heringer S. et al. Active push deployment technique improves stent/vesselwall interaction in endovascular treatment of acute stroke with stent retrievers. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Mar; 9(3): 253 - 256. 38. Nikoubashman O., Alt J.P, Nikoubashman A. et al. Optimizing endovascular stroke treatment: removing the microcatheter before clot retrieval with stent-retrievers increases aspiration flow. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 May; 9(5): 459-462. 39. Volodyukhin M.U., Novozhilova A.A. Sposob vosstanovleniya krovotoka pri sochetannom tromboze vnutrennej sonnoj I srednej mozgovoj arterij [A method for restoring of blood flow in a combined thrombosis of the internal carotid and middle cerebral artery]. Patent RF №2629046, 2016. 40. Volodyukhin M.U. Rentgenendovaskulyarnyj metod vosstanovleniya cerebral'nogo krovotoka pri ostroy tandemnoj okklyuzii vnutrennej sonnoj arterii s razvitiem embolii v srednyuyu mozgovuyu arteriyu. [Endovascular method of cerebral blood flow restoration in acute tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery with embolism development in the middle cerebral artery.] Kazanskij meditsinskijzhurnal. 2016; 97(3): 457-460. 41. Noser EA, Shaltoni HM, Hall CE, et al. Aggressive mechanical clot disruption: a safe adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke? Stroke 2005; 36: 292-296. 42. Nakano S., Iseda T., Yoneyama T. et al. Direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for acute middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion: an alternative option to intra-arterial thrombolysis. Stroke 2002; 33: 2872-2876. 43. Qureshi AI, Siddiqui AM, Suri MF. et al. Aggressive mechanical clot disruption and low-dose intra-arterial third-generation thrombolytic agent for ischemic stroke: a prospective study. Neurosurgery 2002; 51: 1319-1329. 44. von Gadow N., Nikoubashman O., Freiherr J. et al. Endovascular stroke treatment now and then-procedural and clinical effectiveness and safety of different mechanical thrombectomy techniques over time. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2017 Feb; 7(1): 1-7.
Abstract: Aim: was to assess efficiency of mechanical thrombectomy using stent-retriever pREset in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and methods: study included 27 patients with AIS. The average age of patients was 66 years, female - 12(44,4%). The average NIHSS was 20. Occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) was observed in 21(77,8%) patients, internal carotid artery (ICA) - 4 patients, basilar artery - 2 patients. Results: effective recovery of cerebral blood flow (TICI2b-3) was achieved in 22 patients (81,5%). The frequency of distal embolisms was 11,1%. The frequency of symptom hemorrhagic transformation was 7,4%. A favorable neurological outcome (mRs 0-2) was observed in 29,6% of patients, mortality was 25,9%. Conclusions: the use of stent-retriever pREset allows to efficiently restore blood flow during occlusion of large cerebral arteries. References 1. Powers W., Rabinstein A., Ackerson T., et al. 2018 Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American heart association/American stroke association. Stroke. 2018; (49): DOI 10.1161/ STR.0000000000000158. 2. Savello A.V., Voznyuk I.A., Svistov D.V. Vnutrisosudistoe lechenie ishemicheskogo insul'ta v ostrejshem periode (klinicheskie rekomendacii) [Intravascular treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute period (clinical recommendations)]. Sankt-Peterburg. 2015; [In Russ]. 3. Volodyuhin M.YU., Hasanova D.R., Dyomin T.V., i dr. Vnutriarterial'naya reperfuzionnaya terapiya u pacientov s ostrym ishemicheskim insul'tom [Intraarterial reperfusion therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.]. Medicinskij sovet. 2015; (10): 6-11 [In Russ]. 4. Krylov V.V., Savello A.V., Volodyuhin M.YU. Rentgenehdovaskulyarnoe lechenie ostrogo ishemicheskogo insul'ta [Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.]. Rukovodstvo. Moskva. 2017; 120 s [In Russ]. 5. Schwaiger B., Kober F., Gersing A., et al. The pREset stent retriever for endovascular treatment of stroke caused by MCA occlusion: safety and clinical outcome. Clin Neuroradiol. 2016; (26): 47-55. 6. Machi P., Jourdan F., Ambard D., et. al. Experimental evaluation of stent retrievers mechanical properties and effectiveness. J. Neurolntervent. Surg. 2016; (0): 1-7. 7. Prothmann S., Schwaiger B., Gersing A., et al. Recanalization of Thrombo-Embolic Ischemic Stroke with pREset (ARTESp): the impact of occlusion time on clinical outcome of directly admitted and transferred patients. J. Neuro. Intervent. Surg. 2017; (9): 817-822. 8. Shams T., Zaidat O., Yavagal D., et al. Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN) Stroke Interventional Laboratory Consensus (SILC) criteria: A 7M management approach to developing a stroke interventional laboratory in the era of stroke thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions. Intervent. Neurol. 2016; (5): 1-28. 9. Seker F., Pfaff J., Wolf M., et al. Correlation of thrombectomy maneuver count with recanalization success and clinical outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2017; (38): 1368-1371. 10. Mokin M., Nagesh S., Ionita C., et al. Comparison of modern stroke thrombectomy approaches using an in vitro cerebrovascular occlusion model. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2016; (36): 547-551. 11. Raymond J., Ghostine J., Khoury N., et al. Endovascular interventions for acute stroke: past practice and current research. J. Neurolntervent.Surg. 2017; (9): 1-4.
Abstract: Aim: was to optimize treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction without significant stenotic lesions of coronary arteries. Materials and methods: authors present a clinical case of treatment of patient, who was admitted in few hours from onset of myocardial infarction. At first-stage, patient underwent manual vacuum thrombectomy, and it revealed the absence of significant stenotic lesions of coronary arteries. Patient underwent coronary angiography, left ventriculography, optical-coherence tomography of the infarct-dependent artery Results: in this clinical case the cause of myocardial infarction in patient without significant stenotic coronary lesions was the presence of intramural fibrecalcific plaque without signs of instability Conclusions: according to authors, in order to reduce the incidence of re-thrombosis of coronary arteries in patients with myocardial infarction without stenotic lesions of coronary arteries, it is recommended to perform optical-coherence tomography to reveal unstable atherosclerotic plaque; in such cases it may be warranted stenting of coronary artery. References 1. Sidel'nikov A.V., Chernysheva I.E., Koledinskij A.G.. Sravnitel'nyj analiz ehffektivnosti primeneniya tromboliticheskih preparatov: poisk prodolzhaetsya [Comparative analysis of efficacy of thrombolytic therapy: further search]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal intervencionnoj kardioangiologii. 2014, 39:48-56 [In Russ]. 2. Chandrasekaran B., Kurbaan A. S. Myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Journal of Royal Society of Medicine. 2002 Aug; 95(8): 398-400. 3. Reynolds H. R. Myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease. Current Opinion in Cardiology. 2012, 27:655-660. 4. Widimsky P., Stellova B., Groch L. et al. Prevalence of normal coronary angiography in the acute phase of suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Experience from the PRAGUE studies; on behalf of the PRAGUE Study Group Investigators. Can J Cardiol. 2006; 22(13): 1147-1152. 5. Da Costa A., Isaaz K., Faure E. et al. Clinical characteristics, aetiological factors and long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction with an absolutely normal coronary angiogram; a 3-year follow-up study of 91 patients. Eur Heart J. 2001; 22(16): 1459-1465. 6. Jamil G., Jamil M., Abbas A. et al. «Lone aspiration thrombectomy» without stenting in young patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction - Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 3(2):71-78. 7. Escaned J, Echavarrna-Pinto M, Gorgadze T et al. Safety of lone thrombus aspiration without concomitant coronary stenting in selected patients with acute myocardial infarction. EuroIntervention. 2013;8: 1149-1156. 8. Talarico G. P., Burzotta F., Trani C. et al. Thrombus Aspiration without Additional Ballooning or Stenting to Treat Selected Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Invasive Cardiol. 2010; 22(10): 489-492. 9. Berger J.S., Elliott L., Gallup D. et al. Sex differences in mortality following acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2009; 302(8): 874-882. 10. Dey S., Flather M.D., Devlin G. et al. Sex-related differences in the presentation, treatment and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart. 2009; 95(1): 20-26. 11. Roger V.L., Go A.S., Lloyd-Jones D.M. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012; 125:e2-e220. 12. Glagov S., Weisenberg E., Zarins C. et al. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316: 1371-1375. 13. Bentzon J. F., Otsuka F., Virmani R., Falk E. Mechanisms of Plaque Formation and Rupture. Circ Res. 2014; 114: 1852-1866. 14. Shmatkov M.G., Morozova E.V. Opticheskaya kogerentnaya tomografiya: novye vozmozhnosti vnutrisosudistoj vizualizacii (obzor literatury) [Optical cpherence tomography: new possibilities of intravascular imaging (literature review)]. Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya, 2013, 7(4): 89-100 [In Russ] . 15. Virmani R., Burke A.P., Farb A., Kolodgie F.D. Pathology of the vulnerable plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47: 13-18. 16. Dhume A.S., Soundararajan K., Hunter W.J. III, Agrawal D.K. Comparison of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and fibrous cap morphology in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17:1-8. 17. Burke A.P, Farb A., Malcom G.T. et al. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 1276-1282. 18. Lam M. K., Sen H., Tandjung K. et al. Clinical Outcome of Patients With Implantation of Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in the Right Coronary Ostium: Insights From 2-Year Follow-up of the TWENTE Trial/ Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 2015; 85:524-531.
Abstract: Aim: was to show possibilities of endovascular methods of treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke in endovascular operation-room of cardiovascular surgical department. Materials and methods: we present two case reports of treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke, who were admitted to neurological department during first hours from onset. Patients underwent CT perfusion, CT angiography of cerebral arteries. For blood-flow restoration, patients underwent thrombectomy Results: thrombectomy from occluded artery was successful in both cases, that leaded to better recovery of neurological status. Conclusions: wide application of endovascular techniques for restoration of cerebral blood flow in patients with ischemic stroke in the early hours of the onset of the disease, can lead to a more prosperous clinical outcomes, more rapid and complete recovery of the patient. Important is the presence of specialized personnel with appropriate skills and a wide spectrum of endovascular instruments. References 1. Feigin V.L., Lawes C.M.M., Bennet D.A., Anderson C.A. (Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and casefatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:43-53. 2. Stulin I.D., Musin R.S., Belousov Ju.B. Insul't s tochki zrenija dokazatel'noj mediciny. [Stroke from viewpoint of evidence-based medicine]. Kachestvennaja klinicheskaja praktika. 2003; 4: 10-18 [In Russ]. 3. Varakin Ju.A. Jepidemiologicheskie aspekty profilaktiki narushenij mozgovogo krovoobrashhenija. [Epidemiological aspects of the stroke prevention]. Nervnye bolezni. 2005; 2: 4-9 [In Russ]. 4. Hripun A.V., Malevannyj M.V. i soavt. Pervyj opyt oblastnogo sosudistogo centra ROKB po jendovaskuljarnomu lecheniju ostorogo narushenija mozgovogo krovoobrashhenija po ishemicheskomu tipu [First Experience of Regional Vascular Center ROKB in Endovascular Treatment of ischemic stroke]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal intentencionnoj kardiologii. 2010; 23: 32-42 [In Russ]. 5. Gusev E.I., Skvorcova V.I., Martynov M.Ju. Vedenie bol'nyh v ostrom periode mozgovogo insul'ta [The treatment of the acute phase of the stroke]. Vrach. 2003; 3: 8-24 [In Russ]. 6. Nakano S., Iseda T., Yoneyama T., et. Al. Direct percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for acute middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion: an alternative option to intra-arterial thrombollysis. Stroke. 2002; 33: 2872-2876. 7. White J., Cates Ch., Cowley M. et. al. Interventional stroke therapy: current state of the art and needs assessment. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Intervention. 2007; DOI 10.1002/ccd: 1-7. 8. Suzuki S., et al. Access to intra-arterial therapies for acute ischemic stroke: an analysis of the US population. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2004; 25: 1802-1806. 9. Wholey M.H, et.al. Global experience in cervical carotid artery stent placement. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2000; 50: 160-167
Abstract: In clinical practice, ischemic stroke still remains a difficult problem, being in most leading causes of death. Development of new treatments, founding of new therapeutic algorythmes and untiringly technical progress in sphere of instrumental support of operation-room allow to proceed endovascular intervention in group of patients with cardioembolic stroke. Case report presents successful endovascular treatment of patient from cardio-surgical department of Belgorod Region Clinical Hospital named after St. loasaf, with cardioembolic stroke, onset in preoperative period (before aorto-coronary bypass). Materials and methods: patient A., 59 years, diagnosis: «Ischemic heart disease. Exertional angina FC II. Post-infarction cardiosclerosis. (AMI in September 2014). Stenosis of coronary arteries according to coronary angiography (CAG), hemodynamically significant. Hypertensive heart disease III st., 2 degree, with the defeat of the heart and blood vessels of the brain, with the achievement of target blood pressure (BP). Diabetes mellitus type 2, the second insulin-depended, stage subcompensation. Risk factor 4. congestive heart failure 2a class, functional class III. Chronic gallstone disease. Chronic calculous cholecystitis without exacerbation». 05.02.15 - onset of ischemic stroke in left hemisphere of brain. Patient urgently underwent: multislice computed tomography (MSCT), MSCT-angiography of main brain arteries, direct angiography of main brain arteries. Survey showed: occlusion of proximal third of left common carotid artery (CCA) with TICI-0 blood flow; left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) were filled threw anterior communicating artery (ACoA) from right internal carotid artery (ICA). Patient underwent: recanalization of occlusion, thrombectomy from left CCA, stenting of CCA-ICA segment, selective thrombolythic therapy into left MCA. Results: «Time-To-Treatment» was 4 hours 15 minutes. Made endovascular treatment leaded to regression of neurological deficit. Conclusions: the use of endovascular methods in patients with cardioembolic stroke car decrease neurological deficit and increase quality of life of patients in this group. References
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Abstract: At the present level of development of medicine, a group of disorders of mesenteric blood flow remains extremely difficult to diagnose. High mortality at this disease is related to the late detectability, lesion volume, patient's age and the presence of severe comorbidity. However, modern specialized hospitals, with a large arsenal of diagnostic methods, as well as a high level of surgical care in this group of patients apply endovascular interventions for early detection of disease and its possible correction. Case report describes a clinical case of the female patient A., 58 years old, who was treated at the neurovascular department of Belgorod regional clinical hospital named after St. Ioasaf, with acute stroke of ischemic type in the left hemisphere of the brain, cardioembolic subtype. On the 5th day of hospital treatment, the patient complained on a discomfort and further abdominal pain, bloating - suspected mesenteric ischemia. The patient underwent spiral computed tomography (CT) with bolus-enhansment: diagnosed significant stenosis of celiac trunk (CT), subtotal stenosis of the proximal segment of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with signs of local occlusion. As a matter of urgency, in endovascular operating room, patient underwent endovascular procedure: Angiography of visceral branches of the abdominal aorta, followed by thrombectomy and stenting. Control angiography - hemodynamics in the stented segment - is not disturbed, the width of the arterial lumen is fully restored, signs of dissection and distal embolism are absent. Conclusions: angiographic diagnostic methods in patients with mesenteric arteries thromboembolism is a highly informative, they do not require special preparation of the patient and it can immediately perform a medical intervention. 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Abstract: Ischemic stroke (AS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability of the working populatior around the world. According to modern recommendations, mechanical thrombectomy with use of stent-retrievers is the most effective method of treatment for stroke. with localization of thrombus in large cerebral arteries of the carotid basin. The article presents a literature review devoted to various stent-retrievers, their technical characteristics, and their potential for application in the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accident, ischemic type. The analysis and comparative characteristics of existing modern stent-retrievers are presented, depending on the diameter and artery bend, thromb characteristics, stent characteristics. References 1. Savello A.V., Voznjuk I.A., Svistov D.V. Vnutrisosudistoe lechenie ishemicheskogo insul'ta v ostrejshem periode (klinicheskie rekomendacii) [Intravascular treatment of ischemic stroke in acute period (clinical recommendations)]. Sankt-Peterburg. 2015. 2. Powers W., Derdeyn C., Biller J., et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke regarding endovascular treatment: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association //American Stroke Association Stroke. published online June 29, 2015. 3. Abou-Chebl A., Bajzer C.T., Krieger D.W., et al. Multimodal therapy for the treatment of severe ischemic stroke combining GP IIb/IIIa antagonists and angioplasty after failure of thromboysis. Stroke. 2005. (36): 2286-2288. 4. Levy E.I., Ecker R.D., Horowitz M.B., et al. Stent-assisted intracranial recanalization for acute stroke: early results. Neurosurgery. 2006 (58): 458-463. 5. Gupta R., Vora N.A., Horowitz M.B., et al. Multimodal reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: factors predicting vessel recanalization. Stroke. 2006 (37): 986-990. 6. Castano C., Dorado L., Guerrero C., et al. Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device in large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation: a pilot study. Stroke. 2010 (41): 1836-1840. 7. Kvan der Marel K., Chueh J.Y, Brooks O.W., et al. Quantitative assessment of device-clot interaction for stent retriever thrombectomy. JNeurointervSurg. 2016 (0): 1-6. 8. Haussen D., Lima A., Nogueira R. The Trevo XP 3x20 mm retriever (‘Baby Trevo’) for the treatment of distal intracranial occlusions. J NeuroIntervent Surg. 2016 (8): 2951299. 9. Kahles T., Garcia-Esperon C., Zeller S., et al. Mechanical thrombectomy using the new ERIC retrieval device is feasible, efficient, and safe in acute ischemic stroke: a swiss stroke center experience. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2016 (37): 114 -119. 10. Raoult H., Redjem H., Bourcier R., et al. Mechanical thrombectomy with the ERIC retrieval device: initial experience. J. NeuroIntervent. Surg. 2016 (0): 1-4. 11. Machi P, Jourdan F., Ambard D., et. al. Experimental evaluation of stent retrievers mechanical properties and effectiveness J. NeuroIntervent. Surg. 2016 (0):1-7. 12. Schwaiger B., Gersing A., Zimmer C., et al. The curved MCA: influence of vessel anatomy on recanalization results of mechanical thrombectomy after acute ischemic stroke. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2015 (36): 971-976. 13. Tetsuya Hashimoto, Mikito Hayakawa, Naoko Funatsu, et al., Histopathologic analysis of retrieved thrombi associated with successful reperfusion after acute stroke thrombectomy. Stroke. 2016 (47): 3035-3037. 14. Mokin M., Morr S., Natarajan S., et al. Thrombus density predicts successful recanalization with Solitaire stent retriever thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. J. Neurointerv. Surg. 2015 (7): 104-107. 15. Bourcier R., Volpi S., Guyomarch B., et al., Susceptibility vessel sign on MRI predicts favorable clinical outcome in patients with anterior circulation acute stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Am. J. Neuroradi- -2353. 16. Haussen D., Rebello L., Nogueira R. Optimizating clot retrieval in acute stroke: The push and fluff technique for closed-cell stentrievers. Stroke. 2015 (46): 2838-42.
