Abstract:

Introduction: intramural hematoma of the aortic wall is a component of acute aortic syndrome, and is also considered a precursor of aortic dissection. Due to peculiarities of the natural course, there are significant disagreements in choosing the optimal strategy for the treatment of intramural hematoma.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of a differential tactical approach to the treatment of acute intramural aortic hematoma in various situations.

Material and methods: two clinical cases demonstrate different approaches to the treatment of intramural aortic hematoma.

Results: in given clinical examples, a conservative tactics of managing patients with intramural hematoma of the aorta "watch and wait" was applied. However, in the first case, an emergency surgical intervention was required, due to the complicated course of the disease, according to dynamic studies. The second case demonstrated the acceptability of a conservative approach with long-term monitoring of the condition of the aortic wall.

Conclusions: the balance between risks of surgery and the safety of conservative therapy is the cornerstone in deciding on the optimal tactics for treating this pathology.

Abstract:

Introduction: about 200 million people in the world suffer from ischemia of lower limbs. This pathology occupies a large part in the structure of all lesions of the vascular bed. Most patients with lesions of lower limb arteries have critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI), which is characterized by pain at rest and/or trophic lesions of foot. CLLI is the final stage of lower limb vascular bed lesion and is always accompanied by a deterioration in the quality of life, high morbidity and mortality. The only effective way to treat this pathology is revascularization, however, the current lack of clinical data does not allow us to determine the optimal strategy in treatment of this pathology.

Aim: was to determine advantages and disadvantages of using various methods of lower limb revascularization.

Material and methods: literature data from information aggregators Cyberleninka, Pubmed and MEDLINE on this topic, published in Russian and English for the period from 2010 to 2021, were selected for analysis. Articles written in German and French were included in the study in case of available translation to English. Termins as an inclusion criteria: critical limb ischaemia, ischaemic pain, tissue loss, gangrene, hybrid intervention, open surgical recanalization, endovascular revascularization, claudication, stenosis.

Results: it is determined that revascularization by open surgery showed better long-term results, however, it cannot be recommended for patients with severe comorbid diseases and defeat of lower limb and foot arteries, while endovascular revascularization techniques allow the procedure to be performed in almost all patients, regardless of the severity of their somatic status, however, extended multilevel lesions are poorly amenable to this method of treatment, and also have a relatively lower patency in the long-term period. Hybrid interventions combine advantages of both methods, however, they have high requirements for the equipment of the medical institution and the qualifications of the staff. In addition, hybrid methods are also more dangerous for the patient in comparison with revascularization by endovascular methods.

Abstract:

Introduction: a case report of successful treatment of an extremely rare pathology (0,27-0,34%) - acute occlusion of both internal carotid arteries (ICA) is presented.

Aim: was to show possibilities of endovascular surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with bilateral acute ICA occlusion.

Materials and methods: a 38-year-old patient was hospitalized by ambulance with the diagnosis of AIS. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) revealed left ICA occlusion in the C2-C5 segment. Selective angiography of ICA was performed: right ICA - non-occlusive thrombosis C2-C3 segments; left ICA - thrombotic occlusion in C1 segment.

Results: thrombaspiration was performed from the left ICA and right ICA; full recovery of antegrade cerebral blood flow was achieved in both ICA, according to the modified treatment in cerebral infarction score (mTICI) - 3. Patient was discharged after 28 days. At the time of discharge, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 3. 6 months after discharge mRS was 1.

Conclusions: Selective angiography of both ICA in a patient with AIS enabled to detect right ICA thrombosis not detected by MCT, which in its turn changed the treatment tactics of the patient. Aspiration thromebctomy from both internal carotid arteries allowed to achiev full recovery of antergrade cerebral blood flow of both internal carotid arteries.

References

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10.   Pop R, Manisor M, Wolff V. Endovascular treatment in two cases of bilateral ischemic stroke. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014; 37: 829-834.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-013-0746-4

11.   Larrew T, Hubbard Z, Almallouhi E.et al. Simultaneous bilateral carotid thrombectomies: a technical note. Oper Neurosurg. 2019; 5(18): 143-148.

https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz230

12.   Storey C, Lebovitz J, Sweid A, et al. Bilateral mechanical thrombectomies for simultaneous MCA occlusions. World Neurosurg. 2019; 132: 165-168.

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https://doi.org/10.1177/1941874417712159

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https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0017

Abstract:

Aim: was to determine the influence of blood plasma fibrinogen level on results of the left main coronary artery stenting.

Material and methods: clinical, laboratory and angiographic parameters of 819 patients after elective stenting of the unprotected left main coronary artery were used. The end-point was target lesion failure (TLF), including adverse events as repeated revascularization of the target lesion (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI) and death from cardiac causes.

Results: in 5 years follow-up period, end-point was achieved in 158 cases (19,3%). Independent predictors of TLF were: SyntaxScore > 32 (HR 1,089 95% CI 1,029-1,153, p = 0,003), creatinine level (HR 1,009 95% CI 1,004-1,013, p=0,001) and fibrinogen level (HR 1,4 95% CI 1,169-1698, p=0001). According to results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative probability of the TLF was higher in patients with fibrinogen values greater than 3,48 g/L (log-rank 0,001).

Conclusion: blood plasma fibrinogen level was an independent predictor of the TLF after left main coronary artery stenting. Increase in the level of blood fibrinogen for each 1 g/L led to an increase in the risk of TLF by 1,4 times per month.

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Abstract:

Introduction: the role of intracerebral stenosis of brain arteries in the development of postoperative strokes in patients with extensive atherosclerosis remains unresolved, and in clinical practice, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of cerebral arteries is not carried out routinely to predict the risk of postoperative cerebrovascular disorders.

Aim: was to identify factors of MRA of intracerebral arteries essential for prognosis of ischemic strokes in postoperative period of angiosurgical interventions and in acute period of myocardial infarction (AMI), from the quantitative processing of brain MRA recruited from the MRI — MRA register.

Materials and methods: results of brain MRA of 195 patients with extensive atherosclerosis carried out before cardio- or angiosurgical interventions were analyzed. Of these, three had an ischemic stroke after carotid endarterectomy, three — after CABG operations, and five — after surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms, on 2-5 day after surgery. We also studied results of brain MRA in five patients who developed an episode of ischemic brain stroke in the acute period of acute myocardial infarction. In all cases of circulatory disorders were localized in the region of middle cerebral artery (MCA). Everyone was given a time-of-flight MRA with reconstruction of three-dimensional anatomical picture of cerebral arteries. The index of gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen (GNL) of artery was calculated as the ratio of the difference in the area of artery at stenosis and at nearest proximal non-stenosed level, to the distance between them, along the course of the vessel: GNL={(Snorm–Sstenosis)/Dnorm–stenosis}, mm²/mm.

Results: analyzing the visual picture of brain MRA in patients, the sign of critical narrowing of MCA for >50% was observed in all five patients with acute ischemic stroke concomitant with acute myocardial infarction. In all 11 patients who developed postoperative stroke, the visual picture of MCA stenosis was bilateral, more pronounced on the side of the ischemic disorder after the operation. When using the GNL index, it was obvious that ischemic stroke developed only when the stenosis was more sharp than GSP >1,05 mm²/mm. Of five patients who showed signs of MCA stenosis but did not have postoperative stroke, four took doses of 250 mg/day or more of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (mexidol) for more than a month at the outpatient stage. The sensitivity of MRA preoperative sign of MCA stenosis in relation to postoperative ischemic stroke was 100% in all groups, the specificity and diagnostic accuracy was 97,5%, the predictability of a positive conclusion was 62,5-75%, and the predictability of a negative conclusion was 97-99%.

Conclusion: technology for evaluating the gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen in the area of atherosclerotic stenosis of intracerebral arteries in patients with extensive atherosclerosis allows predicting the risk of postoperative stroke. Gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen index for atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery over 1,05 mm²/mm in patients with extensive atherosclerosis predicts increased risk of strokes in postoperative period, or as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Long-term preoperative injection of mexidol probably reduces the risk of postoperative stroke in extensive atherosclerosis.

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Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using transperineal access for sanitation of «deep» exudative pelvic lesions in patients after gynecological operations.

Materials and methods: results of percutaneous drainage with perineal access of «deep» – perirectal postoperative exudative pelvic lesions in 18 patients after extirpation of the uterus in oncological pathology were subjected to retrospective analysis. Exudative formations in the pelvis were detected during continuous postoperative ultrasound screening of operated patients starting from 3rd day of the postoperative period, taking into account clinical data.

Perineal access was used in patients with verification of the nature of the pathological contents and subsequent drainage of the pathological exudation zone by 8fr drains with form memory using Seldinger method.

Results: manipulation was successful in all 18 patients. In 5 cases, a lyzed pelvic hematoma was drained, and in 13 cases, an abscess was drained. In three cases, the connection of the abscess cavity with the lumen of the rectum was revealed. There were no complications due to manipulation. The drainage period was 6-7 days for hematoma and 10-16 days for abscess without internal fistula. If there is a connection with the lumen of the rectum, the drainage period was 21 days, the drainage was removed with x-ray confirmed closure of the internal fistula.

Conclusion: our first positive experience of using transperineal access for the rehabilitation of intrapelvic exudative complications of the postoperative period in oncogynecological patients inspires cautious optimism, expands the arsenal of mini-invasive methods of treatment of intra-pelvic postoperative exudative complications, but undoubtedly requires further research for optimal integration of the technique into the practice of oncogynecology and x-ray surgery departments.

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Abstract:

In recent years, with the growth of number of patients with multifocal atherosclerosis, revascularization of the brain and myocardium through hybrid intervention is gaining popularity. Although, in the world literature there are practically no results of significant randomized researches concerning percutaneous coronary intervention and carotid endarterectomy in hybrid mode, this technique is becoming more and more preferable and promising in comparison with other methods of treatment.

Aim: was to demonstrate results of revascularization of the brain and myocardium with staged and hybrid strategies, on the base of evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of these strategies on the example of case reports.

Materialsand methods: article presents two case reports, demonstrating different approaches to surgical treatment in patients with combined lesions of arteries of the brain and myocardium. Both patients were over 65 years age, at the time of treatment, had a history of acute cerebral circulation disorders, coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension. At the outpatient stage, they received antiplatelet, hypotensive, and hypolipidemic therapy. During further examination, both patients were found to have unilateral hemodynamically significant stenoses of internal carotid arteries and isolated stenoses of coronary arteries. In first case, patient was selected for hybrid surgical tactics in the volume of carotid endarterectomy and stenting of coronary artery, which was performed with a further favorable prognosis. In the second case, tactics was determined in favor of a staged procedure: first performing carotid endarterectomy, then stenting the affected coronary artery. However, taking into account subjective and objective factors, none of planned interventions were performed.

Results: hybrid revascularization allows to perform correction in two arterial of different regions in a short period of time using surgical and endovascular techniques. An important advantage of this method is the one-time performance, that means correction of MFA manifestations for one hospitalization, or even one anesthesia, with increasing in the availability of revascularization. In the first case report, the successful implementation of a hybrid approach in the treatment of combined vascular pathology in an elderly patient with a burdened anamnesis and significant comorbidities was demonstrated. Within one day, we managed to complete the planned volume of myocardial and brain revascularization and avoid the development of adverse events both in the early postoperative and long-term follow-up periods. The second clinical example clearly shows disadvantages of staged strategy, when the patient is at risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events while waiting for staged interventions, or for subjective reasons may refuse to be hospitalized in a clinic for performimg a particular operation, that as a result, led to negative dynamics and fatal outcome due to acute stroke.

Conclusions: thus, demonstrated case reports show significant potential and effectiveness of hybrid myocardial and brain revascularization using percutaneous coronary intervention and carotid endarteectomy in treatment of patients with combined lesions of two vascular regions. This method of treatment is especially promising in patients with burdened anamnesis and additional risk factors. It not only prevents adverse cardiovascular events in brain and myocardium, but also has greatest availability and implementation of the planned volume of treatment, completely excluding the influence of subjective factors (change of tactics, failure of patient to attend the next stage of treatment, etc.).

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3.     Tarasov RS, Kazantsev AN, Ivanov SV et al. Personalized choice of the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with combined lesions of coronary and brachiocephalic arteries: results of testing an automated decision support system in clinical practice. Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2018; 13 (1): 30-39 [In Russ].

4.     Kazanchyan PO, Sotnikov PG, Kozorin MG, Lar'kov RN. Surgical treatment of multifocal lesions in impaired blood circulation of several arterial territories. Russian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2013; (4): 31-38 [In Russ].

5.     Zaharov PI, Tobohov AV. Tactics of surgical treatment of generalized atherosclerosis with combined hemodynamically significant defeat of coronary and carotid arteries. Yakut medical journal. 2013; 2 (42): 52-55 [In Russ].

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14.   Tarasov RS, Kazantsev AN, Ivanov SV et al. Choosing a strategy for brain and myocardial revascularization in patients with atherosclerosis of internal carotid and coronary arteries: a place for personified medicine. Russian journal of Endovascular surgery. 2018; 5 (2): 241-249 [In Russ].

15.   Frota dos Reis PF, Linhares PV, Pitta FG, Lima EG. Approach to concurrent coronary and carotid artery disease: Epidemiology, screening and treatment. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2017; 63(11): 1012-1016.

16.   Tomai F, Pesarini G, Castriota F et al. Early and Long-Term Outcomes After Combined Percutaneous Revascularization in Patients With Carotid and Coronary Artery Stenoses. Cardiovascular interventios. 2011: 560-8.

17.   Zhang J, Dong Z, Liu P et al. Different Strategies in Simultaneous Coronary and Carotid Artery Revascularization - A Single Center Experience. Arch Iran Med. 2019; 22 (3): 132-136.

18.   Drakopoulou M, Oikonomou G, Soulaidopoulos S et al. Management of patients with concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease. Expert Review o f Cardiovascular Therapy. 2019: 1-32.

Abstract:

Aim: was to elucidate factors of poor prognosis for chronic brain ischemia in «asymptomatic» patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of vertebral arteries, who regularly take optimal medical therapy.

Methods: in 1st group (n = 44), secondary prevention of cerebrovascular accidents was carried out in a combined strategy - stenting of vertebral arteries in combination with medication therapy, and in 2nd group (n = 56) - only medication therapy. Long-term follow-up was planned after 12, 24 and 36 months. Inclusion criteria: «asymptomatic» patients with stenosis of vertebral arteries 50-95%; diameter of vertebral arteries is not less than 3.0 and not more than 5 mm; presence of cerebral and focal symptoms corresponding to the initial (asymptomatic) stage of chronic brain ischemia (according to E.V. Schmidt). Primary endpoint: total frequency of cardiovascular complications (death, transient ischemic attack or stroke, myocardial infarction).

Results: the total frequency of major cerebral complications over 36 months of follow-up was 4.5% in group 1 and 37.5% in group II (? ²=15.101; p<0.0001). The frequency of cardiac events was 9.1 and 19.6%, respectively, to 1st and 2nd groups (? ²=14.784; p<0.0001). These indicators were obtained against the background of high patient adherence to treatment and high rates of achieving tough target lipid values. Restenosis of stents was observed in general, in 38.67% of patients from group I. Moreover, restenosis alone did not affect the incidence of major cerebral complications in the long-term period (? ²=0.1643; p=0.735). Most significant poor prognosis factors of chronic brain ischemia in «asymptomatic» patients with vertebral artery stenosis, who regularly take optimal medical therapy are: arrhythmia, total cholesterol more than 6.0 mmol/l, incomplete circle of Willis, arterial hypertension, bilateral defeat of vertebral arteries, (low-density lipoprotein) LDL levels of more than 3.5 mmol/I, combined lesion of vertebral and carotid arteries, calcification of vertebral arteries, coronary heart disease in anamnesis.

Conclusion: endovascular intervention in combination with medical therapy could help to avoid the development of major brain complications arising from the instability of atherosclerotic plaque in «asymptomatic» patients with vertebral artery stenosis, and in the presence of poor prognosis factors identified can be regarded as a method of secondary prevention of cerebral circulatory disorders.

References 

1.     Britov AN, Pozdnyakov YuM, Volkova EG, et al. National guidelines on cardiovascular prevention. Kardio-vaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2011;10(6)2: 1-64 [In Russ].

2.     Suslina ZA, Guglevskaja TS, Maksimova MJu, Morgunov VA. Cerebrovascular accidents: diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2016, 440 [In Russ].

3.     Shchukin IA, Lebedeva AV, Burd GS, et al. Chronic cerebral ischemia: syndromological approaches to thera­py. Nevrologiya irevmatologiya. 2015;1:17-24 [In Russ].

4.     Zakharov W, Voznesenskaya TG. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Diagnostic Tests; podobshch. red. N.N.Yakhno. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2015: 320 [In Russ].

5.     Chechetkin AO, Skrylev SI, Koshheev AJu, et al. Clinical and instrumental assessment of the effectiveness of stenting of the vertebral arteries in the near and remote postoperative periods. Annaly klinicheskoj i jeksperimental'noj nevrologii. 2018;12(3): 13-22 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2018.3.2

6.     Sermagambetova ZhN, Maksimova MJu, Skrylev SI, et al. Interventional technologies for the prevention of stroke in the vertebral-basilar system. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(2): 96-103 [In Russ].

7.     Migunova SG. Clinical and epidemiological study of cerebrovascular diseases and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis: Diss. kand. med. Ekaterinburg, 2018: 145 [In Russ].

8.     Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink MEL et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Soci­ety for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur J Vase Endovasc Surg. 2017 Aug 26.

http://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehx095

9.     Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardio­vascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). European Heart Journal. 2020;41:255-323.

http://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehz486

10.   Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). European Heart Journal. 2020;41: 111-188.

http://doi.org/10.1093/eurhearti/ehz455

11.   Kamchatnov PR, Umarova HJa, Kabanov AA, Abieva NA. The problem of diagnosis and treatment of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Lechebnoedelo. 2017;3: 68-75 [In Russ].

12.   Kocak B, Korkmazer B, Islak C, et al. Endovascular treatment of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. World J. 2012;4:391-400.

http://doi.org/10.4329/wir.v4.i9.391

13.   Markus HS, Larsson SC, Kuker W, et al. VIST Investigators. Stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: The Vertebral Artery Ischemia Stenting Trial. Neurology. 2017;89(12):1229-1236.

http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.00000000000Q4385

14.   Babayan GB, Zorin RA, Pshennikov AS, et al. Predictors of neurological deficiency in hemodynamically significant stenoses of the carotid and vertebral arteries. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(4): 533-540 [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.23888/HMJ201974533-540

15.   Rakhmonov RA, Todzhiddinov ТВ, Isoeva MB, Zuurbekova DP. Total Cardiovascular Risk - A New Approach to Stroke Prediction. Vestnik Avitsenny. 2017;19(4): 471-475. [In Russ].

http://doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2017-19-4-471-475

16.   Shao JX, Ling YA, Du HP, et al. Comparison of hemodynamic changes and prognosis between stenting and standardized medical treatment in patients with symptomatic moderate to severe vertebral artery origin stenosis. M edicine(Baltimore). 2019;98( 13): e14899.

http://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014899

Abstract:

Aim: was to assess the possibility of x-ray surgical recovering of the integrity of the upper urinary tract in the absence of dilatation of kidney collecting system.

Material and methods: for the period of 2018-2020, under our supervision there were 9 patients with an unexpanded kidney collecting system against the background of the existing external or internal urinary fistula. In 6 patients after cystoprostatectomy and ureteroenterocutaneostomy (Bricker surgery), a migration of urethral drainage occurred. In 3 cases, after gynecological operations, patients were diagnosed with iatrogenic complete transverse ureter damage with the formation of retroperitoneal (intrapelvic) uroma. At the first stage in all 9 patients we performed percutaneous nephrostomy on unexpanded kidneys’ collecting system under ultrasound guidance using special techniques.

To restore patency of the damaged ureter, a combined ante-retrograde approach was used. The antegrade flexible guidewire was moved through damaged (cut off) ureter, and retrograde through the entrance of damaged ureter or enterostomy with a capturing device, under x-ray control, the guidewire was brought out. Then, pyeloureteral drainage was placed in an adequate position of the enterocutaneostomy retrograde or antegrade, splinting the ureter damage zone.

Results: in 6 patients, after Bricker surgery, the lost ureteral drainage was adequately restored. In patients with a cut off ureter, it was possible to restore the course of the damaged ureter on the external-internal pyelo-urethral drainage by closing the internal urinary fistula and eliminating retroperitoneal urine by percutaneous drainage under radiation control. There were no complications associated with the technique of x-ray surgery.

Conclusion: percutaneous nephrostomy on an unexpanded kidney collecting system using special techniques for the verification of kidney collecting system is a potentially replicable safe technique that allows to perform in stages adequate external derivation of urine. Percutaneous nephrostomy can be used as a «bridge» technique for subsequent x-ray surgical interventions on the ureter, including with its complete iatrogenic damage.

References

1.     Patel U, Hussain FF. Percutaneous nephrostomy of non-dilated renal collecting systems with fluoroscopic guidance: technique and results. Radiology. 2004 Oct; 233(1 ):226-233.

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol. 2331031342

2.     Liu BX, Huang GL, Xie XH et al. Contrast-enhanced US-assisted Percutaneous Nephrostomy: A Technique to Increase Success Rate for Patients with Nondilated Renal Collecting System. Radiology. 2017 Oct; 285(1):293-301.

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017161604

3.     Usawachintachit M, Tzou DT, Mongan J et al. Feasibility of Retrograde Ureteral Contrast Injection to Guide Ultrasonographic Percutaneous Renal Access in the Nondilated Collecting System. J Endourol. 2017 Feb; 31 (2): 129-134.

https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2016.0693

4.     Dagli M, Ramchandani P. Percutaneous nephrostomy: technical aspects and indications. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2011 Dec; 28(4):424-37.

https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0031-1296085

5.     Brandes S, Coburn M, Armenakas N, McAninch J. Diagnosis and management of ureteric injury: an evidencebased analysis. BJU Int. 2004 Aug; 94(3):277-89.

https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1464-410X.2004.04978.X

6.     Ray CE Jr, Brown AC, Smith MT, Rochon PJ. Percutaneous access of nondilated renal collecting systems. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2014 Mar; 31 (1):98-100.

https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0033-1363849

7.     American College of Radiology (ACR) and the Standarts of Practice Committee of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) practice guideline for the performance of percutaneous nephrostomy. Revised 2011 (resolution 42). Accessed March 9, 2013.

http://www.arc.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PGTS/guidelines/Percutaneous_Nephrostomv.pdf

8.     Clark TW, Abraham RJ, Flemming BK. Is routine micropuncture access necessary for percutaneous nephrostomy? A randomized trial. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2002 Apr; 53(2):87-91.

Abstract

Background: in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), there is a change in indicators of heart mechanics against the background of myocardium remodeling. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and speckle tracking echocardiography provide additional options for assessing changes in heart mechanics. Evaluation of mechanics of the myocardium rotational movement according to coronarography (CAG) has not been found in available literature. In this regard, there is a need to develop a methodology that allows to obtain a mathematical description of rotation processes and heartbeat during the CAG.

Material and methods: study included 90 patients aged 30-71 to assess indicators of heart rotation mechanics. Subjects were divided into groups: with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP, n=30), left ventricular aneurysm (LVA, n=30) and patients with autonomic nervous system disorder (ANSD, n=30) without heart failure (control group). Mechanics of heart rotation was studied using the CAG technique, modified by us, based on mathematical calculations of the rotation angle in motion of points on the heart surface, determined on the coronary angiogram in two projections.

Results: study found out, that in patients with DCMP and LVA with chronic heart failure, the angle of rotation of the heart was significantly lower than in patients with ANSD who do not have heart disease (p <0,05). The link between impaired myocardial contractile function in patients with DCMP and LVA with chronic heart failure and a decrease in the heart rotation angle was confirmed (DCMP: ?²=9,774; df=1; P <0,05), (LVA: ?²=9,600; df=1; P <0,05).

Conclusion: coronarography technique that we modified, makes it possible to quantify changes in parameters of the heart mechanics in examined patients. This makes it possible to determine the presence or absence of heart failure, depending on results.

References 

1.     Fomin IV. Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what we know today and what we should do. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016, 8(136): 7-13 [In Russ].

2.     Belenkov YuN, Mareev VYu. Principles of rational treatment of heart failure.M. 2000. 266 [In Russ].

3.     Popescu BA, Beladan CC, Calin A, et al. Left ventricular remodelling and torsional dynamics in dilated cardiomyopathy: reversed apical rotation as a marker of disease severity. EurJHeartFail. 2009;11(10): 945-51.

4.     Pavlyukova EN, Kuzhel' DA, Matyushin GV, Savchenko EA, Filippova SA. Rotation, twisting and spinning of the left ventricle: physiological role and significance in clinical practice. Regional pharmacotherapy in cardiology. 2015; 11(1): 68-78 [In Russ].

5.     Mondillo S, Galderisi M, Mele D, et al.; Echocardiography Study Group Of The Italian Society Of Cardiology (Rome, Italy). Speckle-tracking echocardiography: a new technique for assessing myocardial function. J Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(1):71-83.

6.     Sergio Mondillo, MD, Maurizio Galderis, et al. Speckle-tracking echocardiography - a technique for assessing myocardial function. June 2, 2016. The international online community of specialists in ultrasound diagnostics [In Russ].

7.     Leitman M, Lysyansky P, Sidenko S et al. Two-dimensionalstrain - a novel software for real-time quantitative echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2004; 17(10): 1021-1029.

8.     Amundsen BH, Helle-Valle T, Edvardsen T et al. Noninvasive myocardial strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography: validation against sonomicrometry and tagged magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006; 47(4): 789-793.

9.     Buckberg G.D., Weisfeldt M.L., Ballester M. [et al.] Left ventricular form and function: scientific priorities and strategic planning for development of new views of disease. Circulation. 2004; 110: 333-336.

10.   Mirsky I., Parmley W.W. Assessment of passive elastic stiffness for isolated heart muscle and the intact heart. Circ. Res. 1973; 33: 233-243.

11.   Pouleur A., Knappe D., Shah A. [et al.] Relationship between improvement in left ventricular dyssynchrony and contractile function and clinical outcome with cardiac resynchronization therapy: the MADIT-CRT trial. Eur. Heart J. 2011; 32:1720-29.

12.   Vermes E., Tardif J.C., Bourassa M.G. [et al.] Enalapril decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: insight from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials. Circulation. 2003; 931: 2926-2.

13.   Victor Mor-Avi et al. The consensus decision of the American Echocardiographic Society and the European Association of Echocardiography on the methodology and indications, approved by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. Articles. 07/07/2015 [In Russ].

14.   Roberto M Lang, Michelle Bierig [et al.] Roberto M Lang, Michelle Bierig [et al.]Recommendations for quantifying the structure and chambers of the heart.. Russian Journal of Cardiology 2012; 3(95). This edition of guidelines is published in Eur J Echocardiography 2006; 7: 79-108 [In Russ].

Abstract

Aim: was to compare annual results of the use of stents with drug eluting - «NanoMed» and Orsiro.

Material and methods: in a randomized prospective study, an analysis of clinical and angiographic data of 1040 patients after stenting of coronary arteries with the observation period of 12 months was performed. The study and control groups randomly included 520 patients with implanted stents «NanoMed» and Orsiro.

Results: main initial clinical demographic and angiographic indicators did not statistically significantly differ. The primary endpoint (TLF - target lesion failure) was achieved in 6.5 and 5.9% in «NanoMed» and Orsiro groups, respectively (p = 0.7). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was performed in study and control groups, respectively, in 1.7 versus 1.2% of cases (p = 0.4).

Conclusion: thus, in a comparative analysis of the use of stents «NanoMed» and Orsiro for a period of 12 months - no statistically significant difference was revealed.

References

1.     El-Hayek G, Bangalore S, Casso Dominguez A, et al. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Comparing Biodegradable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stent to Second-Generation Durable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stents. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2017; 10(5): 462-473.

2.     Joner M, Finn A, Farb A, et al. Pathology of drug-eluting stents in humans: delayed healing and late thrombotic risk. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006; 48: 193-202.

3.     Sarno G, Lagerqvist B, Fmbert O, et al. Lower risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis with unrestricted use of 'newgeneration' drug-eluting stents: a report from the nation wide Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). Eur. Heart J. 2012; 33(5): 606-613.

4.     ittelbach M, Diener T Orsiro - the first hybrid drug-eluting stent, opening up a new class of drug-eluting stents for superior patient outcomes. Interv. Cardiol. 2011; 6(2):142-144.

5.     Kandzari D, Mauri L, Koolen J, et al. Ultrathin, bioresorbable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus thin, durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents in patients undergoing coronary revascularization (BIOFLOW V): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2017; 390: 1843-1852.

6.     Cutlip D, Windecker S, Mehran R, et al. Clinical End Points in Coronary Stent Trials. A Case for Standardized Definitions. Research Consortium. Circulation. 2007; 115(17): 2344-2351.

7.     Thygesen K, Alpert J, Jaffe A, et al. Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Expert consensus document. Circulation. 2012; 126: 2020-2035.

8.     Silber S, Windecker S, Vranckx P, Serruys PW. Unrestricted randomiseduse of two new generation drug-eluting coronary stents: 2-year patient-related versus stent-related outcomes from the RESOLUTE All Comers Trial. Lancet. 2011; 377: 1241-1247.

9.     Bazylev VV, SHmatkov MG, Morozov ZA. Comparative evaluation of endothelialization of stents with permanent and biodegradable coatings at an early stage with help of optical coherence tomography. Diagnosticheskaya i intervencionnaya radiologiya. 2017: 11(4): 11-15. [In Russ]

10.   Bazylev VV, SHmatkov MG, Morozov ZA. Comparative results of the use of coronary stents with drug coating «Nanomed» and Orsiro. Angiologiya i sosudistaya hirurgiya. 2019 ; 25(2): 57-62. [In Russ]

11.   Prohorihin AA, Bajstrukov VI, Grazhdankin IO, et al. Simple, blind, prospective, randomized, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of the KalIpso sirolimus-eluting coronary stent and the XiencePrime everolimus-eluting coronary stent: PATRIOT study results. Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiohirurgiya. 2017; 21(3): 76-85. [In Russ]

Abstract:

Article presents a case report of successful antegrade x-ray surgical access to the biliary tree ir order to eliminate partial clipping of the common bile duct as a complication of endoscopic cholecystectomy

Percutaneous transhepatic puncture of the unexpanded biliary tree was made under ultrasounc control without auxiliary contrast enhancement of the bile tree. After punction - antegrade cholangiography revealed partial clipping of common bile duct. Patient underwent balloon dilatation, internal-external transpapillaty drainage. Three-times balloon dilatation after each 2 months made it possible to avoid the formation of posttraumatic stricture and the long-frame external-internal drainage of the biliary tree.

The use of antegrade percutaneous transhepatic access to restore adequate passage of bile to the duodenum, including cases without dissection of the papilla, is advisable in clinical situations that do not allow the use of retrograde endoscopic access, or if it is ineffective. 

References

1.      Kuznecov N.A., Sokolov A.A., Brontvein A.T., Artemkin EH.N. Diagnostics and treatment of early biliary complications after a cholecystectomy. Khirurgiya. 2011; 3: 3-7 [In Russ].

2.      Eisenstein S, Greenstein AJ, Kim U, Divino CM. Cystic duct stump leaks: after the learning curve. Arch Surg. 2008; 143( 12): 1178-83. doi: 10.1001/archsurg. 143.12.1178.

3.      Shaikh IA, Thomas H, Joga K (et al.). Post-cholecystectomy cystic duct stump leak: a preventable morbidity. J Dig Dis. 2009 Aug; 10(3):207-12. doi: 10.1111/j. 1751 - 2980.2009.00387.x.

4.      Barband AR, Kakaei F, Daryani A, FakhreeMB. Relaparoscopy in minor bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an alternative approach? Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2011 Aug; 21 (4):288-91. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0b013e31822a2373.

5.      Shawhan RR, Porta CR, Bingham JR (et al.). Biliary leak rates after cholecystectomy and intraoperative cholangiogram in surgical residency. Mil Med. 2015 May; 180(5):565-9. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00426.

6.      Lo Nigro C, Geraci G, Sciuto A, (et al.).Bile leaks after videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy: duct of Luschka. Endoscopic treatment in a single centre and brief literature review on current management. Ann Ital Chir. 2012 Jul-Aug; 83(4):303-12.

7.      Doumenc B, Boutros M, Dйgremont R, Bouras AF. Biliary leakage from gallbladder bed after cholecystectomy: Luschka duct or hepaticocholecystic duct? Morpholo- gie. 2016 Mar; 100(328):36-40. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2015.08.003.

8.      Pancyrev YU.M., SHapoval'yanc S.G., CHernyakevich S.A., et al. Functional disorders of a sphincter of Oddi after a cholecystectomy. RGGK. 2011; 3(21):28-34 [In Russ].

9.      Ohotnikov O.I., YAkovleva M.V., Grigor'ev S.N. X-ray surgery of «small» damages of bilious channels during cholecystectomy. Annaly hirurgicheskoj gepatologii.2017; 1(22):64-70 [In Russ].

10.    Sinha R, Chandra S. Cystic duct leaks after laparoendoscopic single-site cholecystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2012 Jul-Aug; 22(6):533-7. doi: 10.1089/lap.2012.0094.

11.    Kim KH, Kim TN. Endoscopic management of bile leakage after cholecystectomy: a single-center experience for 12 years. Clin Endosc. 2014 May; 47(3):248-53. doi: 10.5946/ce.2014.47.3.248.

12.    Beburishvili A.G., Zubina E.N., Akinchits A.N., Vedenin YI. External biliary leakage after different types of cholecystectomy: diagnostics and treatment. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii. 2009; 14 (3): 18-21 [In Russ].

13.    Gwon D, Ko GY Sung KB, Kim JH, Yoon HK. Percutaneous transhepatic treatment of postoperative bile leaks: prospective evaluation of retrievable covered stent. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Jan;22(1 ):75-83. doi: 10.1016/ j.jvir. 2010.10.004.

14.    de Jong EA, Moelker A, Leertouwer T, Spronk S, Van Dijk M, van Eijck CH. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with postsurgical bile leakage and nondilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Dig Surg. 2013;30(4- 6):444-50. doi: 10.1159/000356711.

15.    Ohotnikov O.I. YAkovleva M.V. Grigor'ev S.N. Transhepatic cholangiostomy in nondilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Annaly hirurgicheskoj gepatologii. 2015; 1(20): 84-90 [In Russ]. 

Abstract:

Aim: was to show results of visceral revascularization in patients with chronic abdomina ischemia.

Materials and methods: 24 patients with chronic abdominal ischemia underwent endovascular revascularization.

Results: technical success was 100%. After endovascular revascularization, 19 (90%) of symptomatic patients noted improvement in the state of health in the form of a significant decrease of dyspepsia and abdominal pain. In the long-term period, 15 patients were examined (within 1 year). All examined patients underwent ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and CTA of the aorta. All patients had no symptoms of abdominal ischemia and signs of restenosis.

Conclusions: endovascular methods should be considered as the first line in the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac trunk, which are accompanied by fewer periprocedural complications and mortality, better rates of rehabilitation and shorter hospital stay. 

References

1.      Pokrovskij A.V., Kazanchan P.O., Dujikov A.A. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic abdominal ischemia. Rostov-on-Don: Rostov State University Publ., 1982; 321 [In Russ].

2.      Furrer J, Grhntzig A, Kugelmeier J, Goebel N. Treatment of abdominal angina with percutaneous dilatation of an arteria mesenterica superior stenosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1980; 3: 434.

3.      Gavrilenko A.V., Kosenkov A.N. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of chronic arterial ischemia. M.: Graal, 2000; 308 [in Russ].

4.      Aouini F, Bouhaffa A, Baazaoui J, Khelifi S, Ben Maamer A, Hoaus N, Cherif A. Acute mesenteric ischemia: study of predictive factors of mortality. Tunis Med., 2012; 90(7): 533-6.

5.      Rabkin I.H. Angiography guideline. M.: Meditsina, 1977; 279 [in Russ].

6.      Shaws RS, Maynard EP Acute and chronic thrombosis of mesenteric arteries associated with malabsorption: a report of two cases successfully treated by thromboendarterectomy. N Engl. J. Med. 1958; 258: 8748

7.      Pokrovskij A.V. Diseases of aorta and its branches. M.: Meditsina, 1979; 324 [in Russ].

8.      Kougias P, El Sayed HF, Zhou W, Lin PH. Management of chronic mesenteric ischemia. The role of endovascular therapy. J. Endovasc. Ther. 2007; 14 (3): 395-405.

9.      Beaulieu R.J., Arnaoutakis K.D., Abularrage C.J., Efron D.T., Schneider E., Black J.H. Comparison of open and endovascular treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia. J. Vasc. Surg. 2014; 59 (1): 159-64.

10.    Schermerhorn M.L., Giles K.A., Hamdan A.D., Wyers M.C., Pomposelli F.B. Mesenteric revascularization: management and outcomes in the United States, 19882006. J. Vasc. Surg. 2009; 50: 341-8.

11.    Moghadamyeghaneh Z., Carmichael J.C., Mills S.D., Dolich M.O., Pigazzi A., Fujitani R.M., et al. Early outcome of treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia. Am. Surg. 2015;81:1149-56

12.    Grilli C.J., Fedele C.R., Tahir O.M., et al. Recanalization of chronic total occlusions of the superior mesenteric artery in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia: technical and clinical outcomes. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2014; 25(10):1515-1524

13.    Sharafuddin M., Nicholson R., Kresowik T., Amin P.B., Hoballah J.J., Sharp W.J. Endovascular recanalization of total occlusions of the mesenteric and celiac arteries. J. Vasc. Surg. 2012; 55(6):1674-1681.

Abstract:

Aim: was to determine indications for transpapillary external-internal drainage of the biliary tree in benign diseases of the peripapillary region.

Material and methods: results of the use of externally-internally transpapillary drainage of the biliary tree from 256 patients with distal obstruction of the biliary tract were analyzed. In 154 (60,2%) cases the peripapillary obstruction was caused by tumor pathology, in 102(39,8%) cases (39.8 %) - by peripapillary benign stenotic diseases (stenosis of Vater papilla, choledocholithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, parapapillary diverticula) that have not managed to eliminate with the help of endoscopy or endoscopic benefit was initially ineffective.

Results: endoscopic papillosphincterotomy after the external-internal drainage due to syndrome of Vater papilla «acute blockage» required in 7(4,5%) patients of 154 patients with peripapillary tumor obstruction. Endoscopic papillotomy was performed in 80(78,4%) patients among 102 patients with benign distal block of common biliary duct after the external-internal drainage for same indications. In 7 cases of «acute blockage» of papilla we were forced to return to the outside cholangiostomy due to endoscopic unattainable of papilla. In summary, the syndrome of papilla «acute blockage» occurred in 87(85,3%) patients with transpapillary external- internal drainage of the biliary tree on the background of the peripapillary benign obstruction. There were no complications of papillotomy

Conclusion: the external-internal drainage of the biliary tree with the syndrome of obstructive jaundice remains an effective and pragmatic method of return of bile into the lumen of the duodenum. The most common complication of the external-internal drainage with transpapillary drainage placement is a syndrome of «acute blockage» of Vater papilla which requires endoscopic papillotomy With high frequency this syndrome occurs when forced transpapillary the external-internal drainage of the distal benign disorders of patency of the biliary tree. Minimal risk of this syndrome developing has been reported during transpapillary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice due to peripapillary cancer.

References

1.      Jendobiliarnaja intervencionnaja onkoradiologija pod red. Dolgushina B.I. [Endobiliary interventional oncoradiology under edition of Dolgushin B.I.]. Moscow. 2004: 224 [In Russ].

2.      Intervencionnaja radiologija v onkologii (puti razvitija i tehnologii): Nauchno-prakticheskoe izdanie. Gl. red.: Granov A.M. i Davydov M.I.; red.: Tarazov P.G. i Granov D.A. 2- e izd., dop [Interventional radiology in oncology (the path of development and technology): Scientific-practical publication. hl. еd.: Granov A.M. and Davydov MI; еd .: Tarazov P.G. and Granov D.A. 2nd ed, dop.]. St. Petersburg. 2013: 560 [In Russ].

3.      Qian X.J., Zhai R.Y, Dai D.K, et al. Treatment of malignant biliary obstruction by combined percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with local tumor treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(2):331-5.

4.      Luchevaja diagnostika i maloinvazivnoe lechenie mehanicheskoj zheltuhi. Rukovodstvo pod red. Kokova L.S., Chernoj N.R., Kuleznevoj Ju.V. [Radiological diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of obstructive jaundice. Guide. Under edition of Kokov L.S., Chernaya N.R., Kulezneva Ju.V.]. Moscow. 2010: 288 [In Russ].

5.      Jo J.H., Park B.H. Suprapapillary versus transpapillary stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction: which is better? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015; 26(4):573-582.

6.      Lee D.H., Yu J.S., Hwang J.C., Kim K.H. Percutaneous placement of self-expandable metallic biliary stents in malignant extrahepatic strictures: indications of transpapillary and suprapapillary methods. Korean J Radiol. 2000;1(2):65-72.

Abstract:

Open surgery is a basis of treatment of major vascular injuries, although some of injuries can be treated by means of endovascular surgery

Aim: was to investigate the possibility of endovascular treatment of full transection of major arteries. Material and methods: а retrospective analysis of patients histories of 52 patients with limbs' vascular injuries was performed. Opinions of physicians of different surgical specialties about practicability of endovascular technologies use in trauma surgery were investigated. Using a created stand-desk, consisted with container filled with gelatin mass, simulating a hematoma in a zone of vascular rupture, plunged into gelatin ends of silicone tubes 6 mm in internal diameter, and a web-camera fixed above the stand, comparative analysis of efficacy of 6 different methods of vessel recanalization was done.

Results: еndovascular methods of treatment can be performed in 42,3% of patients with major arterial injuries. Of those, 13,5% of patients may need to undergo recanalization of full vascular transection followed by stent-graft implantation. Our study demonstrated the possibility of through-and-through recanalization of the full major vascular transection, and most effective methods of recanalization - methods with use of a special endovascular loop, a retrieval device, and a standard folded guidewire. Preliminary balloon inflation inside a proximal part of the artery should be considered in case of unstable hemodynamics of a patient.

The questionnaire showed that integration of endovascular surgical methods is perspective for the future of trauma surgery; however, there are some retaining obstacles such as organizational and fiscal issues. It is likely that training of general surgeons in basic endovascular skills is practical. 

References

1.     Soroka V.V. Neotlozhnye serdechno-sosudistye operatsii v praktike obshhego khirurga [Emergency cardiovascular operations in practice of a general surgeon]. Volgograd: Izd-vo VolGU. 2001; 204 [In Russ].

2.    Samokhvalov I.M. Boevye povrezhdeniya magistral'nykh sosudov: diagnostika i lechenie na etapakh meditsinskoj evakuatsii. Diss. doct. med. nauk [Wartime major vascular injuries: diagnosis and treatment on echelons of care. Doct. med. sci. diss.]. St.Petersburg. 1994; 389 [In Russ].

3.     White J.M., Stannard A., Burkhardt G.E. et al. The epidemiology of vascular injury in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Ann. Surg. 2011; 263(6):1184-1189. 

4.     Eastridge B.J., Mabry R.L., Seguin P et al. Death on the battlefield (2001-2011): Implications for the future of combat casualty care. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 73(6):431-437.

5.     Holcomb J.B., Fox E.E., Scalea T.M. et al. Current opinion on catheter-based hemorrhage control in trauma patients. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 76(3): 888-893.

6.     Lumsden A.B. Commentary on «Endovascular management of vascular trauma». Perspect. Vasc. Surg. Endovasc. Ther. 2006; 18(2):130-131.

7.     Rasmussen T.E., Woodson J., Rich N.M. et al. Vascular trauma at a crossroads. J. Trauma. 2011; 70(5): 1291-1293.

8.     Reva V.A., Samokhvalov I.M. Endovaskulyarnaya khirurgiya na vojne. [Endovascular surgery in the war]. Angiologiya i sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2015; 21(2):166-175 [In Russ].

9.     Reva V.A., Semenov E.A., Petrov A.N. et al. Endovaskulyarnaya ballonnaya okklyuziya aorty: primenenie na statsionarnom i dogospital'nom ehtapakh skoroj meditsinskoj pomoshhi. [Endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: the use at in-hospital and pre-hospital stages of emergency medical care]. Skoraya meditsinskayapomoshh,'. 2016; 3:30-38.

10.   Reva V.A., Kiselev M.A., Platonov S.A. et al. Selektivnaja embolizacija vetvej glubokoj arterii bedra pri koloto-rezanom ranenii. [Selective angioembolization of the branches of the deep femoral artery in its stab injury]. Vestn. chir. irn. Grekova. 2015; 174(3):67-69 [In Russ].

11.   Bocharov S.M. Angiograficheskaya diagnostika i endovaskulyarnoe lechenie pri travme arterij. Diss. kand. med. nauk [Angiographic diagnosis and endovascular treatment in arterial trauma. Cand. med. sci. diss.]. Moscow. 2008: 103 [In Russ].

12.   Chernaya N.R., Muslimov R.Sh., Selina I.E. et al. Endovaskulyarnoe i khirurgicheskoe lechenie bol'nogo s travmaticheskim razryvom aorty i pechenochnoj arterii. [Endovascular and surgical treatment of a patient with traumatic rupture of the aorta and the hepatic artery]. Angiologiya i sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2016; 22(1):176-181 [In Russ].

13.   Reva V.A., Petrov A.N., Samokhvalov I.M. Stentirovanie poverhnostnoj bedrennoj arterii pri ee bokovom povrezhdenii. [Stenting of superficial femoral artery in correction of its side damage]. Diagn. Intern Radiol. 2014; 8(3):105-108 [In Russ].

14.   Villamaria C.Y, Eliason J.L., Napolitano L.M. et al. Endovascular Skills for Trauma and Resuscitative Surgery (ESTARS) course: curriculum development, content validation, and program assessment. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014; 76(4):929-935.

15.   Brenner M., Hoehn M., Pasley J. et al. Basic endovascular skills for trauma course: bridging the gap between endovascular techniques and the acute care surgeon. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014; 77(2):286-291.

16.   Reva V.A. Obuchajushhie kursy po hirurgii povrezhdenij i endovaskuljarnoj hirurgii pri travmah v Jerebru (Shvecija). [Educational course on trauma surgery and endovascular surgery for trauma in Orebro (Sweden)] . Voen.-med. Jowrn. 2015; 336(12):78-81 [In Russ].

17.   Tsurukiri J., Ohta S., Mishima S. et al. Availability of on-site acute vascular interventional radiology techniques performed by trained acute care specialists: A single-emergency center experience. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017; 82(1):126-132.

18.   Julien M., Emilie L., Dominique M. et al. Evaluation of femoro-popliteal angioplasties with the need for retrograde approach in a twin center series of 26 consecutive cases. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2016; 1(4):1-10.

19.   Rohlffs F., Larena-Avellaneda A.A., Petersen J.P et al. Through-and-through wire technique for endovascular damage control in traumatic proximal axillary artery transection. Vascular. 2015; 23 (1): 99-101.

20.   Shalhub S., Starnes B.W., Tran N.T. Endovascular treatment of axillosubclavian arterial transection in patients with blunt traumatic injury. J. Vasc. Surg. 2011; 53(4): 1141-1144.

21.   Gilani R., Tsai PI., Wall M.J. Jr., Mattox K.L. Overcoming challenges of endovascular treatment of complex subclavian and axillary artery injuries in hypotensive patients. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 73(3): 771-773. 

Abstract:

Background: article describes methodology of a selective ophtalmic arterieal infusion (SOAI) ir organ-preserving treatment of children with an intraocular retinoblastoma and demonstrates various ways of delivery of chemotherapeutic agent to a tumor.

Aim: was to increase efficacy of SOAI in treatment of children with intraocular retinoblastoma Material and methods: 289 SOAI procedures to 127 children (143 eyes) have been performed from 2013 to 2017. 2 methods of a SOAI were applied: 1) the microcatheter technique (n=223) - superselective catheterization of an eye artery or collateral branches of an external carotid artery (ECA) at blood flow hemodynamic redistribution; 2) the microballoon technique - balloon-occluder on ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) for prevention of chemoinfusion of brain arteries (n=58). Results: technical success was 96,5%(279 procedures). From 223 procedures with using of a microcatheter infusion was carried out in: a. ophthalmica - 156(70%), a.meningea media - 44 (20%), a.infraorbitalis - 20(11%), a. temp. superficialis - 2, a.facialis - 1. From 58 procedures with using of microballoon - 56 were successful. We didn't manage to put a balloon more distally than the place of an entry of an eye artery in 2 cases. Unsuccessful attempts - 10 cases: failure of catheterization of a femoral artery - in 2, a kinking of the ICA - in 2, a vascular collapse as a result of reaction to injection of contrast agent and/or mechanical impact on ICA - in 2, lack of contrasting of a retina - in 3, an occlusion of an ICA - in 1.

Conclusion: possession and use of various techniques for chemotherapeutic agent delivery to an eye tumor allows to achieve the maximum effect and doesn't depend on anatomy options and blood flow hemodynamic redistribution in main vessels of an eye.

References

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Abstract:

From January 2003 till January 2008 transhepatic endobiliar stenting was performed in 62 patients with obstructive jaundice due to high post-operative malignant strictures of hepaticocholedochus duct. In 49 cases (79 %) two-step intervention performed (biliary drainage followed by endobiliary stenting), 13 patients (21 %) underwent single-stage intervention. In 60 patients (96,8%) balloon dilatation was done prior to stent implantation. In 59 cases (95,2%) the procedure was completed by control drainage placement. Hospital stay for the endobiliary stenting procedure was 12,7-22,3 days (average hospital stay 17,5 days). Mortality was as high as 12,9% (8 cases). Average post-implantation life span appeared to be 9,7 months. In 5 patients (8,1%) mechanical jaundice relapse occurred, so they needed hospitalization for reintervention. Direct dependence found between the effectiveness of endobiliary stenting and the technical characteristics of stents, anatomy of biliary strictures, as well as the methods and techniques of the intervention. Single-stage endobiliary stenting, without prior drainage, decreases the complication rate, improves the quality of life during the hospital stay, and prolongs the post-implantation life expectancy. Single-stege interventions are also shown to decrease the hospital stay and reduce the costs. Balloon dilatation is the required stage of the intervention, especially if self-expandable stents are used in torturous biliary ducts. Post-implantation drainage placement can be skipped if the wall of the hepatico-choledochus duct is not edematous, there are no signs of tumor prolapse into the lumen, if the stent is completely expanded, and the contrast media evacuates easily into the intestine.

Reference

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Abstract:

The importance of using minimally invasive techniques in management of pancreatic pseudocysts is evident today. In order to evaluate the efficacy of puncture-draining interventions, analysed herein are therapeutic outcomes in 102 patients. The patients were subdivided depending on the causes of pathology, localization, forms and presence of complications. Diagnosis included an ultrasonographic study. Suspected for neoplastic cysts, 21 patients underwent computed tomography, 42 - duodenoscopy, 17 - endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography. Taking into consideration a high risk of pancreatic fistulas formation, after external drainage, we isolated a high-risk group comprising 36 people, and a group of 66 subjects with no risk of this complication. The latter underwent ultrasonography-controlled external drainage. Of these, 49 patients were subjected to drainage by the Seldinger technique, 12 - large-calibre percutaneous external drainage. Complications were observed in 3 subjects. Patients at risk of a complication underwent ultrasonographically and endoscopically controlled internal drainage. Complications were noted in 4 cases. Of these, two, during transduodenal drainage, developed bed-sores of the superior mesenteric artery branches, and one patient developed abdominal haemorrhage. In this connection we refused carrying out transduodenal drainage. The long-term results in patients with cystoduodenal stents were followed-up in 19 subjects. By month six, the stent detached spontaneously in 6 patients, being removed endoscopically in 8 subjects. Fifteen patients with intrapancreatic hypertension were subjected to endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. The duration of the hospital stay amounted to 23-28 days. Hence, internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, followed by cystoduodenal stenting in patients at risk of an external pancreatic fistula within the described therapeutic-and-diagnostic algorithm is an operation of choice.

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9.     Дадвани С.А., Лотов А.Н., Мусаев Г.Х., Заводнов В.Я. Отдаленные результаты цистогастро- и цистодуоденостомий под ультразвуковым и эндоскопическим контролем в лечении псевдокист поджелудочной железы. Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 1999; 4 (2): 153.

10.   Мишин, В.Ю., Квезерова А.П. Современный подход к лечению псевдокист поджелудочной железы. Анналы хирургии. 2000; 3: 32-39.

11.   Русин В.И., Болдижар А.А. Эндоскопические способы лечения псевдокист поджелудочной железы. Материалы X юбилейного конгресса по эндоскопической хирургии. 2006; 185.

Abstract:

Aim. For determination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages, we offer a morphologically determined scale - The Tomography Dementia Rating scale (TDR) based on the severity of atrophic changes in the temporal lobes of the brain revealed during CT and MRI. Materials and methods. The research involved 140 patients aged 28-79. The Test Group included 81 patients aged 34-79 with AD various stages. The Control Group included 59 patients aged 28-78 with various types of brain lesions accompanied by manifestations of dementia and cognitive impairment, but not suffering from AD.

Results. CT and MRI data allowed to compose the TDR scale determining the severity of atrophic changes in the temporal lobes at each AD stage:

•          Pre-clinical AD stage TDR-0: temporal lobes atrophy with 4-8% tissue mass decrease (26-28 MMSE points).

•          Early AD stage - mild dementia TDR-1: temporal lobes atrophy with 9-18% tissue mass decrease (corresponds to CDR-1; 20-25 MMSE points).

•          Middle AD stage - mild dementia TDR-2: temporal lobes atrophy with 19-32% tissue mass decrease (corresponds to CDR-2; 12-19 MMSE points). 

References

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3.     Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

3.     2010 Alzheimer’s Association. http://www.alz.org/ documents_custom/report_alzfactsfigures2010.pdf.

4.     2011 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. http://www.alz.org/downloads/facts_figures_2011.pdf.

5.     Generation Alzheimer’s: The Defining Disease of the Baby Boomers http://act.alz.org/site/Doc-Server/ALZ_BoomersReport.pdf/docID=521.

6.     Jun G., Naj F.C., Beecham G.W., et al. Meta-analysis confirms CR1, CLU, and PICALM as Alzheimer disease risk loci and reveals interactions with APOE genotypes. Arch. Neurol. 2010; 67 (12):1473-1484.

7.     Saykin A.J, Wishart H.A. Mild cognitive impairment: conceptual issues and structural and functional brain correlates. Seminars in Clinical. Neuropsychiatry. 2003; 8 (1): 12-30.

8.     Saykin A.J., Wishart H.A., Rabin L.A., et all. Older adults with cognitive complaints show brain atrophy similar to that of amnestic MCI. Neurology. 2006; 12 No. 67 (2): 834-842.

9.     Shen L., Fipri H.A., Saykin AJ.,West J.D. Parametric surface modeling and registration for comparison of manual and automated segmentation of the hippocampus. Hippocampus. 2009; 19 (6): 588-595.

10.   Maksimovich I.V. Vozmoznosti covremennoy kompiuternoy tomografii v diagnostike bolezni Alzheimra.[Possibilities of computed tomography in diagnostics of Alzheimer’s diseases.] Nevrologicheskiy vestnik .2009; 1: 5-10 [In Russ].

29.   Maksimovich I.V. Dyscirculatory Angiopathy of the Brain of Alzheimer's Type. Eurointerventional. 2011; 7: M 253.

30.   Maksimovich I.V. Endovascular Application of Low-Energy Laser in the Treatment of Dyscirculatory Angiopathy of Alzheimer’s Type. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. 2012; 2 (1): 67-81.

11.   Mayeux R., Reitz C., Brickman A.M., Haan M.N., Manly J.J. et. all. “Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related cognitive impairment. Part 1. Alzheimers & Dementia. 2011; 7 (1): 15-34.

12.   Seashadri S., Beaser A., Au R., Volf P.A., Evans D.A. et.al. Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related cognitive impairment. Part 2. Alzheimers & Dementia. 2011; 7 (I): 35-52.

13.   2012 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. http://www.alz.org/downloads/facts_figures_2012.pd.

14.   National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease http: / /www.whitehouse.gov/ blog/2012/05/17/national-plan-address- alzheimers-disease.

15.   Morris J.C. The clinical dementia rating (CDR): current version and scoring rule. Neurology. 1993; 43 (II):2412-2414.

16.   Maksimovich I.V. Gotman L.N. Sposob kompleksnoy luchevoy diagnostiki doklinicheskih I klinicheskih stadiy bolezni Alzheimera. [Method of complex beam-diagnostics of subclinical and clinicas stages of Alzheimer’s disease.] Russian patent, №. 2315559 [In Russ].

17.   Maksimovich I.V., Gotman L.N., Masiuk S.M. Sposob opredelenia razmera visochnich doley golovnogo mozga pri bolezni Alzheimera [Measuring the size of the temporal lobes in patients with Alzheimer's disease] Russian patent № 2306102 [In Russ].

18.   Maksimovich I.V. Luchevaia diagnostika bolezni Alzheimera. [Beam-diagnostics of Alzheimer’s disease.] Diagnosticheskaia i intervencionnaia radiologia [Diagnostic and interventional radiology. ]. 2008; 2 (4): 27-38 [In Russ].

19.   Maksimovich I.V. Dyscirculatory Angiopathy of Alzheimer's Type. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. 2011; 1 (2): 57-68.

20.   Dickerson B.C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cholinergic modulation in mild cognitive impairment. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2006; 19: 299-306.

21.   Chiang G.C., Insel Ph.S, Tosun D., Schuff N., Truran-Sacrey D., Raptentsetsang S., Jack C.R., Weiner M.W. Identifying cognitively healthy elderly individuals with subsequent memory decline by using automated MR temporoparietal volumes. Radiolog. 2011; 259 (3): 844-51.

22.   Schuff N., Insel Ph., Chiang G., Truran D, Gamst A., Jack C., Aisen P., Petersen R., Shaw L., Trojanowski J., Weiner M. Acceleration of brain atrophy rates with advancing cognitive deterioration from normal aging to MCI to Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimer's &Dementia. 2011; 7 (4): S223.

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24.   Meyer P.T., Hellwig S., Amtage F., et al. Dual-biomarker imaging of regional cerebral amyloid load and neuronal activity in dementia with PET and 11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B. J. Nucl. Med. 2011; 52 (3): 393-400.

25.   Perrin R.J., Craig-Schapiro R., Morris J.C., et al. Identification and validation of novelcerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for staging early Alzheimer's disease. Public Library of Science On. 2011; 12 (6): e16032.

26.   Jack C., Vemuri P., Viste H., et al. Ordering of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2011; 7 (4): S4-S5.

27.   Mayeux R., Reitz C., Brickman A.M., Haan M.N., ManlyJ.J. et. al. Operationalizing diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and other age-related cognitive impairment. Part 1. Alzheimers & Dementia. 2011; 7 (1): 15-34.

28.   Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. Minimental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1975; 12 (3): 189-98.

29.   Maksimovich I.V. Dyscirculatory Angiopathy of the Brain of Alzheimer's Type. Eurointerventional. 2011; 7: M 253.

30.   Maksimovich I.V. Endovascular Application of Low-Energy Laser in the Treatment of Dyscirculatory Angiopathy of Alzheimer’s Type. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. 2012; 2 (1): 67-81. 

Abstract:

The author presents the endovascular technique for treatment of the Alzheimer disease. 40 patients aged 34–78 years were included into the study 4 of them were at risk, 13 had early and moderate stage, 16 – full-scaled stage, and 7 had preterminal stage of the disease.

The survey design included computed tomography with temporal lobes volume calculation, brain scintigraphy, rheoencephalography, and digital cerebral angiography.

Temporal lobes atrophy and capillary flow reduction in fronto-parietal and temporal regions are shown to be the characteristic radiomorphological features of the Alzheimer disease. Indications and contrindications for the treatment are presented.

Interventions were pefformed in terms of 1 to 12 years after the disease manifestation. The aim of treatment was percutaneous revascularization and capillary bed restoration by means of transluminal low-energy laser.

Clinical improvement was seen in all the cases; however, it differed in each group of patients. Thus, it is possible not only suspend the advancement of the Alzheimer disease, but to achieve its regression, with regeneration of the brain tissues and to return the people into the active life.  

References 

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2.        Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures 2007. A Statistical Abstract of US Data on Alzheimer’s Disease published by the Alzheimer’s Association. Washington. 2008; 1–30.

3.        Гаврилова С.И., Калын Я.Б., Брацун А.Л. Эпидемиологические аспекты болезни Альцгеймера и других деменций позднего возраста. XII съезд психиатров России. М. 1995; 424–425.

4.        Гаврилова С.И. Практическое руководство по диагностике и лечению болезни Альцгеймера. М.: Медицина. 2002; 43.  

5.        Galasko D. New approaches to diagnose and treat Alzheimer’s disease: a glimpse of the future. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2001; 17 (2): 393–410.  

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9.        Kesslak J.P., Nalcioglu O., Cotman C.W. Quantification of magnetic resonance scans for hippocampal and parahippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1991; 41: 51–54.  

10.      Жариков Г.А., Рощина И.Ф. Диагностика деменции альцгеймеровского типа на ранних этапах ее развития. Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия. 2001; 2 (2): 3–27.

11.      Гаврилова С.И. Фармакотерапия болезни Альцгеймера. М.: Пульс. 2003; 337.  

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13.      Jacobsen J.S., Reinhart P., Pangalos M.N. Current Concepts in Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cognitive Decline and Disease Modification in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuro Rx. 2005; 2: 612–626.

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15.      Masse I., Bordet R., Deplanque D. et al. Lipid lowering agents are associated with a slower cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. J. of Neurol., Neurosurg. and Psych. 2005; 76: 1624–1629.  

Abstract:

Fetal with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at increased risk for acidemia, hypoxemia and adverse perinatal outcomes. Placental insufficiency and FGR are the most common and important clinical problems in obstetrics and the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Lots of diagnostic procedures are assessed to evaluate FGR, among them ultrasounds are the most relevant ones. Advances in Doppler velocimetry have improved possibility of assessing cerebral blood flow in this pathology This article discusses the clinical case of brain-sparing effect in fetuses with FGR. Assessment of the fetal cerebral circulation provides important information on the hemodynamic changes associated with chronic hypoxia, intrauterine growth restriction and their clinical management. 

References 

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Abstract:

Aim. Was to investigate the efficiency of transluminal laser revascularization of brain in treatment of vascular dementia.

Materials and methods. We have examined and treated 665 patients aged 29 to 81 (average age 75) suffering from various kinds of atherosclerotic lesions of cerebral vessels accompanied by developed vascular dementia. The research included: CT, MRI, scintigraphy, rheoencephalography, poliprojectional angiography To perform endovascular treatment we selected 639 patients: Group 1 (CDR-1) - 352, Group 2 (CDR-2) - 184, Group 3 (CDR-3) - 103 patients. To conduct revascularization of main intracranial arteries high-energy laser systems were used; for revascularization of distal intracranial branches low-energy laser systems were used.

Results. The clinical outcome depended on the severity of dementia and timing of the intervention. A good clinical outcome in Group 1 was obtained in 281 (79.82%) cases, in Group 2 in 81 (44.02%) cases, in Group 3 in 9 (8.73%) cases. A satisfactory clinical outcome in Group 1 was obtained in 53 (15.34%) cases, in Group 2 in 62 (33.70%) cases, in Group 3 in 31 (30.09%) cases. A relatively satisfactory clinical outcome in Group 1 was obtained in 17 (4.83%) cases, in Group 2 in 41 (22.28%) cases, in Group 3 in 63 (61.16%) cases. No negative effects were observed after the interventions.

Conclusions. Evaluating the data obtained it can be concluded that the method of transluminal laser revascularization of cerebral blood vessels is an effective one for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions of the brain accompanied by dementia.  

Reference 

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7.    Maksimovich I.V. Long-term Results of Brain Transluminal Laser Revascularization In The Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. J. Am Coll. Cardiol. 2010; 56; B49-0.

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9.    Maksimovich I.V. Transluminal Laser Revascularization of Cerebral Blood Vessels in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010;56; B48-9.

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14.  Skoog I. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Can. J. Psychiatry. 2011; 56 (7):387-97.

15.  Silver F.L, Mackey A, Clark W.M, Brooks W, Timaran C.H, Chiu D, Goldstein L.B, Meschia J.F, Ferguson R.D, Moore W.S, Howard G, Brott T.G. Safety of stenting and endarterectomy by symptomatic status in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST). Stroke. 2011; 42 (3): 675-80.

16.  Papanagiotou P, Roth C, Walter S, Behnke S, Grunwald I.Q, Viera J, Politi M, K^ner H, Kostopoulos P, Haass A, Fassbender K, Reith W. Carotid artery stenting in acute stroke. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011; 58 (23):2363-9.

17.  Biamino G., The excimer laser: science fiction fantasy or practical tool? J Endovasc Ther. 2004; 11; Suppl. 2 :II207-22.

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20.  Amb

Abstract:

Aim. Was to estimate the role of transcutaneous interventions under the supervision of radiodiagnostics in the maintenance of all mini-nvasive kinds of operation stages of surgical treatment in patients with pancreatic and duodenal zone tumors

Materials and methods. For the period from January 2007 till march 2010, 21 patients, aged 49-75 (10 men, 11 women) - were under aparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPDE)

Results. The use bile ducts drainage systems before LPDE in 95% cases leads to small hemorrhage (less than 1 liter). The presence of cholangiostomy also leads to early diagnostics of biliodigistive anastamosis (BDA) stenosis, and makes bile peritonitis – impossible.

Conclusion. Usage of non-vascular methods of interventional radiology allows to make effective and less traumatic biliar decompression in patients with biliopancreatic and duodenal zone tumors as a stage of LPDE preparations. The presence of decompression cholangiostomy prevents further BDA inconsistency, and makes pacreaticojejunoanastamosis healing faster in case of its' decompression.
 

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2.    Sewnath M. et al. The effect of preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J. of the Am. Col. of Surg. 2008. Volume 192, Issue 6, Pages. 726-734.

4.    Srivastava S. et al. Outcome following pan-creaticoduodenectomy in patients undergoing preoperative biliary drainage. Dig. Surg. 2001; 18 (5): 381-387.

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8.    Chen D. et al. Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on liver function changes in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice in the low bile duct before and after pancreaticoduo-denectomy. Ai. Zheng. 2008; 27 (1): 78-82.

9.    Wang Q. et al. Preoperative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008; 16 (3): CD005444.

Abstract:

Modern radiodiagnostics of carotid arteries (CA) defeat has very important value in such patients' treatment tactics. CA reconstruction operations are based on 3 general factors - clinic and arterial blood flow lack in dynamics, special methods of extra- and intracrania brachial arteries diagnostics, risk of arterial blood flow lack. We have pointed indications for surgical prophylactics and necessary patients diagnostic methods. 

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4.    Hebb M.O. et al. Perioperative ischemic complications of the brain after carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery. 2010; 67 (2): 286-293.

5.    Kar S. et al. Safety and efficacy of carotid stenting in individuals with concomitant severe carotid and aortic stenosis.   Eurolntervention.   2010;   6   (4): 492-497.

 6.   Naylor A.R. Managing patients with symptomatic coronary and carotid artery disease. Perspect.   Vasc.  Surg. Endovasc.Ther.  2010; 22 (2): 70-76.

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12.  Walkup M.H., Faries P.L. Update on surgical management for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2010; 5.

Abstract:

Authors present their first 3 cases of thoracoabdominal aneurysm hybrid repair. Endovascular procedure and open surgery were used either simultaneously, or as the steps of reconstruction.

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6.           Elefteriades J.A. Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Indications for surgery and surgical versus nonsurgical risks. Ann. Tho-rac.Surg. 2002; 74: 1877.

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11.       Hagan P.G. et al. The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease.JAMA. 2000; 283: 897-903.

12.       FannJ.I. et al. Surgical management of aortic dissection during a 30"year   period. Circulation. 1995; 92 (2): 113-121.

13.       Dake M.D. et al. Endovascular stent-graft placement for the treatment of aortic dissection. New. Eng.J. Med. 1999; 340: 1546-1552.

14.       Buth J. et al. Neurologic complications associated with endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathology: Incidence and risk factors. Аstudy from the European сollaborators on stent-graft techniques for aortic aneurysm repair  (EUROSTAR)  registry. J.   Vasc.  Surg. 2007; 46 (6): 1103-1111.

15.       Svensson L.G. et al. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations.J. Vasc. Surg. 1993; 17: 357-370.

16.       Safi H.J. et al.  Distal aortic perfusion and cerebrospinal fluid drainage for thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic repair.        Ten years of organ protection. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2003; 238: 372-380.

17.       Chiesa R. et al. Spinal   cord   ischemia after elective stent-graft repair of the thoracic aorta. J. Vasc. Surg. 2005; 42: 11-17.

18.       Criado F.J., Clark N.S., Barnatan M.F. Stent graft repair in the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta: A 4-year experience. J. Vasc. Surg. 2002; 36: 1121-1128.

19.       Najibi S. et al. Endoluminal versus open treatment of descending thoracic     aortic aneurysms.J. Vasc. Surg. 2002; 36: 732-737.

20.       Greenberg R.K. et al. Zenith AAA endovascular graft. Intermediate-term results of the US multicenter  trial. J. Vasc. Surg. 2004; 39: 1209-1218.

Abstract:

Hemobilia is known as one of the most severe complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. In the present case, the severe bleeding developed as a result of balloon dilatation and stenting of malignant stricture. Emergency transhepatic arterial embolization was performed with good results. We also discuss 7 cases of hemobilia in our hospital, 3 of which were successfully treated with transcatheter embolotherapy. We conclude that transhepatic arterial embolization appears to be effective and safe treatment for massive hemobilia.

References 

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6.         Saad W.E., Davies M.G., Darcy M.D. Management of bleeding after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or transhepatic biliary drain placement. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2008; 11 (1): 60-71.

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9.         Долгушин Б.И., Виршке Э.Р., Черкасов В.А.и др. Селективная эмболизация печеночных артерий при геморрагических осложнениях    чрескожной    чреспеченочной холангиографии. Анн. хир. гепатологии. 2007; 12 (4): 63-68.

10.     Eurvilaichit C. Iatrogenic hemobilia. Management with transarterial embolization using gelfoam articles. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 1999; 82 (9): 931-937.

11.     Park J.Y., Ryu H., Bang S. et al. Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm associated with plastic biliary stent. Yonsei. Med. J. 2007; 48 (3): 546-548.

12.     Hammer F.D., Goffette P.P., Mathurin P. Glue embolization of a ruptured pancreaticoduo-denal artery aneurysm. Case report. Eur. Radiol. 1996; (4): 514-517.

13.     Merrell S.V., Gibberston J.J., Albo D. et al. Atraumatic hemobilia arising from cirrhotic liver. Surgery. 1989; 106 (1): 105-109.

14.     Rai R., Rose J., Manas D. Potentially fatal hae-mobilia due to inappropriate use of an expanding biliary stent. World. J. Gastroenterol. 2003; 9 (10): 2377-2378.

15.     Dousset B., Sauvanet A., Bardou M. et al. Selective surgical indications for iatro-genic hemobilia. Surgery. 1997; 121 (1): 37-41.

Abstract:

Importance: despite generally promising outcomes after stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease, the ULMCA bifurcation lesions remain challenging, and their restenosis rate is still relatively high.

Objective: aim of the current study was to analyze possible factors influencing one year MACE rate in distal ULMCA patients.

Design, setting and patients: from year 2002 until end of year 2011 at Latvian Centre of Cardiology Pauls Stradins Clinical University hospital in ULMCA registry 1052 patients were enrolled. Interventions: In 723 patients distal bifurcations were treated, out of them in 449 patients one year follow-up were completed and those patients were included in current analyses Main outcome measures: cardiac death, target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), major cardiac adverse events (MACE) were assessed at one year.

Results: two stent technique was used in 8,5% of cases. MACE, cardiac death, TVR and TLR rates at one year was 15,6%, 2,9%, 4,7% and 12,9%, respectively Cardiac death was associated with diabetes mellitus and NSTEMI, however, TLR was associated with SYNTAX score >30. MACE was associated with NSTEMI and 2 stent technique. True bifurcation was not associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions: Use of two stent technique and NSTEMI at presentation were associated of MACE at one year in distal ULMCA patients. 

References

1.     Tan W.A., Tamai H., Park S.J. et al. Long-term clinical outcomes after unprotected left main trunk percutaneous revascularization in 279 patients. Circulation. 2001; 104(14):1609-14.

2.     Wijns W., Kolh P, Danchin N. et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur. Heart J. 2010;31 (20):2501-55.

3.     Chieffo A., Stankovic G., Bonizzoni E. et al. Early and mid-term results of drug-eluting stent implantation in unprotected left main. Circulation. 2005;111(6):791-5.

4.     Kim YH., Dangas G.D., Solinas E. et al. Effectiveness of drug-eluting stent implantation for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol. 2008;101(6):801-6.

5.     Meliga E., Garcia-Garcia H.M., Valgimigli M. et al. Longest available clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery disease: the DELFT (Drug Eluting stent for LeFT main) Registry. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008;51(23):22 12-9.

6.     Palmerini T., Marzocchi A., Marrozzini C. et al. Preprocedural levels of C-reactive protein and leukocyte counts predict 9-month mortality after coronary angioplasty for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis. Circulation. 2005;112(15):2332-8.

7.     Park S.J., Kim YH., Lee B.K. et al. Sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis: comparison with bare metal stent implantation. J. Am. Coll.Cardiol. 2005; 45(3):351-6.

8.     Seung K.B., Park D.W., Kim YH., et al. Stents versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for left main coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358(17):1781-92.

9.     Chieffo A., Park S.J., Valgimigli M. et al. Favorable long-term outcome after drug-eluting stent implantation in nonbifurcation lesions that involve unprotected left main coronary artery: a multicenter registry. Circulation. 2007;116(2):158-62.

10.   Colombo A., Moses J.W., Morice M.C. et al. Randomized study to evaluate sirolimus-eluting stents implanted at coronary bifurcation lesions. Circulation. 2004; 109(10):1244-9.

11.   Serruys P.W., Morice M.C., Kappetein A.P et al. ТЬю SYNTAX Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009;360:961-972.

12.   Medina A., Suarez de Lezo J., Pan M. A new classification of coronary bifurcation lesions. Rev Esp. Cardiol. 2006;59:183.

13.   Toyofuku M., Kimura T., Morimoto T., et al. J-Cypher Registry Investigators. Three-year outcomes after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery disease: insights from the j-Cypher registry. Circulation. 2009;120(19):1866-74.

14.   Palmerini T., Sangiorgi D., Marzocchi A. et al. Ostial and midshaft lesions vs. bifurcation lesions in 1111 patients with unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis treated with drug-eluting stents: results of the survey from the Italian Society of Invasive Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 2009;30(17):2087-94.

15.   Valgimigli M., Malagutti P, Rodriguez-Granillo G.A. et al. Distal Left Main Coronary Disease Is a Major Predictor of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006;47:1530-7.

16.   Tamburino C., Capranzano P, Capodanno D. et al. Plaque Distribution Patterns in Distal Left Main Coronary Artery to Predict Outcomes After Stent Implantation. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions. 2010; 3(6) 624-631.

17.   Goldberg S., Grossman W. Markis J.E., Cohen M.V., Baltaxe H.A., Levin D.C. Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. A clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic profile. Am. J. Med. 1978;64(1):3-8.

18.   Spiecker M., Erbel R., Rupprecht H.J., Meyer J. Emergency angioplasty of totally occluded left main coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris-institutional experience and literature review. Eur. Heart J. 1994;15(5):602-7.

19.   De Feyter P.J., Serruys P.W. Thrombolysis of acute total occlusion of the left main coronary artery in evolving myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 1984;53(11):1727-8.

20.   Quigley R.L., Milano C.A., Smith L.R., White W.D., Rankin J.S., Glower D.D. Prognosis and management of anterolateral myocardial infarction in patients with severe left main disease and cardiogenic shock. The left main shock syndrome. Circulation. 1993;88(5):II65-70.

21.   Nagaoka H., Ohnuki M., Hirooka K., Shimoyama T. [Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for left main coronary artery disease]. Kyobu Geka. 1999;52 (8 Suppl):634-8.

22.   Meliga E., Garcia-Garcia H.M., Valgimigli M. et al. Diabetic patients treated for unprotected left main coronary artery disease with drug eluting stents: a 3-year clinical outcome study. The diabetes and drug eluting stent for LeFT main registry (D-DELFT). Eurolntervention. 2008; 4(1):77-83. 

Abstract:

In this study we have analyzed early and long-term results of endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR) in the Department of cardio-vascular surgery of «Russian Cardiology Research anc Production Complex».

Material and methods: research includes 164 patients (February 2009-November 2015) with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), who underwent endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR), also with difficult anatomy Patients were operated with basic methodics and also hybrid techniques («chimney», «octopus», fenestrated and branched devices).

Results: 30-day mortality rate accounted for 1,2%, all mortality was 3%.

References

1.      Nacional'nye rekomendacii po vedeniju pacientov s anevrizmami brjushnoj aorty 2011[National recommendations on treatment of patients with aneurysm of abdominal aorta]. Pod. red. A.V. Pokrovskogo [In Russ].

2.      Klinicheskaja angiologija: rukovodstvo dlja vrachej [Clinical angiology: guide-book fo physicians]. Pod red. A. V. Pokrovskogo. v 2-h tomah. T. 2. M.: Medicina, 2004 [In Russ].

3.      Abugov S.A., Belov Ju.V., Pureckij M. V., Saakjan Ju.M., Poljakov R.S., Hovrin V.V., Strucenko M.V. Sravnitel'nye rezul'taty lechenija anevrizm brjushnogo otdela aorty jendovaskuljarnym i hirurgicheskim metodom [Comparative results of treatment of abdominal aorta aneurysms with endovascular and surgical methods]. Kardiologija i serdechno-sosudistaja hirurgija. 2011; 2: 27-31 [In Russ].

4.      Sweet M.P., Fillinger M.F., Morrison.T.M., Abel D. The influence of gender and aortic aneurysm size on eligibility for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J. Vascular Surg. 2011; 54:931-7.

5.      Arko F.R., Filis K.A., Seidel S.A., Gonzalez J., Lengle S.J., Webb R., et al. How many patients with infrarenal aneurysms are candidates for endovascular repair? The Northern California experience. J. EndovascTher. 2004;11:33-40.

6.      Armon M.P., Yusuf S.W., Latief K., Whitaker S.C., Gregson R.H., Wenham P.W., et al. Anatomical suitability of abdominal aortic aneurysms for endovascular repair. Br. J. Surg. 1997;84:178-80.

7.      Carpenter J.P., Baum R.A., Barker C.F., Golden M.A., Mitchell M.E., Velazquez O.C., et al. Impact of exclusion criteria on patient selection for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J. Vasc. Surg. 2001;34:1050-4.

8.      Elkouri S., Martelli E., Gloviczki P., McKusick M.A., Panneton J.M., Andrews J.C., et al. Most patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm are not suitable for endovascular repair using currently approved bifurcated stent-grafts. Vasc. Endovascular. Surg. 2004;38:401-12.

9.      Moise M.A., Woo E.Y, Velazquez O.C., Fairman R.M., Golden M.A., Mitchell M.E., et al. Barriers to endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: past experience and implications for future device development. Vasc. Endovascular. Surg. 2006;40:197-203.

10.    Schumacher H., Eckstein H.H., Kallinowski F., Allen-berg J.R. Morphometry and classification in abdominal aortic aneurysms: patient selection for endovascular and open surgery. J. Endovasc. Surg. 1997;4:39-44.

11.    Mehta M., Byrne W.J., Robinson H., Roddy S.P., Paty P.S., Kreienberg P.B., et al. Women derive less benefit from elective endovascular aneurysm repair than men. J. Vasc. Surg. 2010;55:906-13.

12.    AbuRahma A.F., Campbell J., Stone P.A., et al. The correlation of aortic neck length to early and late outcomes in endovascular aneurysm repair patients. J. Vasc. Surg. 2009;50:738-748.

13.    Moulakakis K. G., Mylonas S. N., Avgerinos E. et al.The chimney graft technique for preserving visceral vessels during endovascular treatment of aortic pathologies J. Vasc. Surg. 2012; 55(5): 1497-1503.

14.    Aburahma A.F., Campbell J.E., Mousa A.Y, et al. Clinical outcomes for hostile versus favorable aortic neck anatomy in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using modular devices. J. Vasc. Surg. 2011;54:13-21. 

Abstract:

Backgroud: endovascular implantation of the aortic stent-graft is a method of choice in treatment of aneurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, especially in patients with high surgical risk.This strategy is characterized as less in-hospital complications, shorter in-hospital stay All these circumstances show some advantages of endovascular treatment compared with traditional «open» surgery. Besides that, there are some limitations for aortic endoprosthesis implantation, including short or conical proximal neck, severe angulation of aneurysmatic neck and tortuosity of arteries, insufficient diameter of iliac-femoral segment arteries for stent-graft delivery

Materials and methods: we report two clinical cases of successsful implantation of novel stent-graft OVATION PRIME in patients with adverse anatomy, precisely small diameter of crossing profile and original technology of proximal fixation of endoprosthesis.

Results: the use of innovative models of stent-grafts allows to proceed aortic endoprosthesis implantation with minimal risk of complications in certain patients with adverse vascular anatomy, who were previously deemed unsuitable for endovascular treatment.

References

1.     Jackson R.S., Chang D.C. Comparison of long-term survival after open vs endovascular repair of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm among Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA. 2012; 307: 1621-1628.

2.     Logevrove R.E., Javid M., Magee T.R., Galland R.B. A meta-analysis of 21,178 patient undergoing open or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br. J. Surg. 2008; 95:677-684.

3.     Brewster D.C., Cronenwett J.L., Hallett J.W. Jr, Johnston K.W., Krupski W.C., Matsumura J.S. Guidelines for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Report of a subcommittee of the Joint Council of the American Association for Vascular Surgery and Society for Vascular Surgery. J. Vasc.Surg. 2003;37:1106-17.

4.     Greenhalgh R.M., Brown L.C., Powell J.T., Thompson S.G., Epstein D., Sculpher M.J. Endovascular versus open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010;362:1863-71.

5.     Lederle F.A., Freischlag J.A., Kyriakides T.C., Padberg F.T. Jr, Matsumura J.S., Kohler T.R., et al. Outcomes following endovascular vs open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009; 302:1535-42.

6.     Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Available at: http://ahrg.gov/data/hcup/. Accessed September 26, 2012.

7.     Arko F.R. Filis K.A., Seidel S.A., Gonzalez J., Lengle S.J., Webb R., et al. How many patients with infrarenal aneurysms are candidates for endovascular repair? The Northern California experience. J. Endovasc Ther. 2004;11:33-40.

8.     Armon M.P., Yusuf S.W. Latief K., Whitaker S.C., Gregson R.H., Wenham P.W., et al. Anatomical suitability of abdominal aortic aneurysms for endovascular repair. Br. J. Surg. 1997;84:178-80.

9.     Carpenter J.P., Baum R.A, Barker C.F., Golden M.A. Mitchell M.E., Velazquez O.C., et al. Impact of exclusion criteria on patient selection for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J. Vasc.Surg. 2001;34: 1050-4.

10.   Elkouri S., Martelli E., Gloviczki P., McKusick M.A. Panneton J.M., Andrews J.C., et al. Most patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm are not suitable for endovascular repair using currently approved bifurcated stent-grafts. Vasc. Endovascular. Surg. 2004;38:401-12.

11.   Moise M.A., Woo E.Y, Velazquez O.C., Fairman R.M., Golden M.A., Mitchell M.E., et al. Barriers to endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: past experience and implications for future device development. Vasc. Endovascular. Surg. 2006;40:197-203.

12.   Schumacher H., Eckstein H.H., Kallinowski F., Allenberg J.R. Morphometry and classification in abdominal aortic aneurysms: patient selection for endovascular and open surgery. J. Endovasc.Surg. 1997;4:39-44.

13.   Mehta M., Byrne W.J., Robinson H., Roddy S.P, Paty PS., Kreienberg P.B., et al. Women derive less benefit from elective endovascular aneurysm repair than men. J. Vasc. Surg. 2010;55:906-13.

14.   Morrison T., Fillinger M., Meyer C., et al. Gender disparities in endovascular treatment options for infrarenal abdominal aortic аneurysms. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/NewsEvents/Workshops Conferences/UCM359044.pdf. Published June 25, 2013. Accessed June 20, 2014.

15.   AbuRahma A.F., Campbell J., Stone PA., et al. The correlation of aortic neck length to early and late outcomes in endovascular aneurysm repair patients. J. Vasc. Surg. 2009;50:738-748.

16.   Aburahma A.F., Campbell J.E., Mousa A.Y, et al. Clinical outcomes for hostile versus favorable aortic neck anatomy in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using modular devices. J. Vasc.Surg. 2011;54:13-21.

17.   Sweet M.P, Fillinger M.F., MorrisonT.M., Abel D. The influence of gender and aortic aneurysm size on eligibility for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J. Vascular Surg. 2011; 54:931-7. 

Abstract:

Aim: was to evaluate efficiency of stents-grafts in treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

Materials and methods: for the period of 2001-2012 implantation of stent-grafts was performedm 10 patients with cerebral aneurysms. Indications for implantation: huge or giant aneurysms; wide«neck» of aneurysm; difficult localization for neurosurgical techniques; absence of significant tortuosity of artery that could interfere successful stent delivery All patients underwent examination:

MSCT-angiography, MRI, cerebral angiography To predict possible stent thrombosis we performed angiographic tests with pinching of pathological artery and contrasting of opposite artery Then we assessed blood-flow of anterior and posterior communicating arteries and also changes in neurological status. Unsatisfactory condition of collateral blood-flow - was not a contraindication for stenting. In 8 patient, aneurysms were localized in internal carotid artery, and in 2 patients in the vertebrobasilar artery In 3 cases implantation of stent-graft was proceeded in acute period of hemorrhage; that caused late disaggregant therapy (immediately after implantation, drugs were injected through nasogastric tube instead of 4-5 days of preoperative treatment).

Results: exclusion of the aneurysm from the blood-flow was reached 100% of cases. In one case, implantation of micro-coils was necessary due to inability to cover the whole neck of the aneurysm because of tortuosity of artery In 1 case we had thrombosis of stent in vertebral artery with spreading of thrombosis on basilar artery with development of ischemic stroke and further death.

Conclusion: use of stent-grafts for exclusion of huge and giant aneurysms from cerebral blood- flow is a highly effective method.

References

1.     Zeb M., McKenzie D.B., Scott P.A., Talwar S. Treatment of coronary aneurysms with covered stents: a review with illustrated case. J. Invasive Cardiol. 2012; 24 (9): 465-469.

2.     Briguori C., Nishida T., Anzuini A. et al. Emergency polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation to treat coronary ruptures. Circulation. 2000; 102 (25): 30283031.

3.     Saatci I,.Cekirge H.S., Ozturk M.H. et al. Treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms with a covered stent: experience in 24 patients with midterm follow-up results. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2004; 25 (10): 1742-1749.

4.     Hirurgija anevrizm golovnogo mozga. V 3 tomah. T. 1. Pod red. V.V. Krylova [Brain aneurysms surgery. In three volumes. Vol. 1. Edited by V.V. Krylov]. Moscow. 2012; 432S [In Russ].

5.    Tissen T.P., Jakovlev S.B. Bocharov A.V. Buharin E.Ju. Ispol'zovanie stent-grafta v jendovaskuljarnoj nejrohirurgii. Voprosy nejrohirurgii im. N.N. Burdenko [The use of stent-graft in endovascular neurosurgery]. 2006; 2: 53-56. [In Russ].

6.     Vulev I., Klepanec A., Bazik R. et al. Endovascular treatment of internal carotid and vertebral artery aneurysms using a novel pericardium covered stent. Interv. Neuroradiol. 2012; 18 (2): 164-171.

7.     Greenberg E., Katz J.M., Janardhan V. et al. Treatment of a giant vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm using stent grafts. Case report. J. Neurosurg. 2007; 107 (1): 165-168.

8.     Li M.H., Li YD., Tan H.Q. et al. Treatment of distal internal carotid artery aneurysm with the willis covered stent: a prospective pilot study. Radiology. 2009; 253 (2): 470-477.

9.     Chalouhi N., Tjoumakaris S., Gonzalez L.F. et al. Coiling of large and giant aneurysms: complications and long-term results of 334 cases. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2014; 35 (3): 546-452.

Abstract:

The research investigates the possibility of restoring the blood supply in patients with atherosclerosis of the brain, as well as the treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, both not burdened and the burdened development of small strokes, with use for this method of transcatheter laser revascularization.

The research involves 946 patients aged 29-81 (average age 74) suffering from various types of cerebral atherosclerosis. 568(60,04%) patients underwent transcatheter treatment - Test Group. 378 (39,96%) patients underwent conservative treatment - Control Group. The examination plan included laboratory diagnostics, assessment CDR, MMSE, IB, cerebral SG, REG, CT, MRI, MRA, MUGA. To restore the blood supply, the method of transcatheter laser revascularization was applied; high-energy pulsed lasers were used for major intracranial arteries treatment, and low-energy CW lasers - for distal intracranial branches treatment.

Test Group: 459(80,81%) patients had good clinical outcome, 91(16,02%) - satisfactory clinical outcome, 18(3,17%) - relatively satisfactory clinical outcome; relatively positive clinical outcome was not obtained in any case. Control Group: good clinical outcome was not obtained in any case; 65(17,20%) patients had satisfactory clinical outcome, 121(23,26%) - relatively satisfactory clinical outcome; 192(50,79%) - relatively positive clinical outcome.

The method of transcatheter laser revascularization of cerebral vessels is a physiological, effective and low-invasive treatment for patients suffering from atherosclerosis of the brain. Obtained results last up to 10 years and more; it causes regression of mental and motor disorders, promotes regression of dementia and largely improves patients' quality of life; it has virtually no alternative - which makes the proposed method significantly different from conservative treatment methods. 

References

1.     Gillum R.F., Kwagyan J., Obisesan Th.O. Ethnic and Geographic Variation in Stroke Mortality Trends. Stroke. 2011; 42(2): 3294-3296.

2.     Maksimovich I.V. Transcatheter Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Brain Complicated by Vascular Dementia Development. World Journal of Neuroscience. 2012; 2(4): 200-209.

3.     Frolich A.M., Psychogios N.M., Klotz E., et al. Angiographic Reconstructions From Whole-Brain Perfusion CT for the Detection of Large Vessel Occlusion in Acute Stroke. Stroke. 2012; 43: 97-102.

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Abstract:

Despite the fact that so far in the literature, many cases of endovascular closure of paravalvular leak (PVL), this type of intervention is unusual and is associated with a complex technical issues. In addition, the majority of publications devoted to the correction of mitral and aortic PVL, while the description of the closing of the tricuspid valve (TV) PVL are rare.

Below is a description of our first experience of endovascular correction of TV PVL in 54 years ole patient, who underwent TV repair with «Neokor-32» - supporting ring as a correction of atrial septal defect, TV insufficiency One year after surgery the patient reported a decrease in physical activity tolerance. Echocardiography diagnosed hemodynamically significant PVL of TV, 6mm size with leakage between the left ventricle and the right atrium and formation of pulmonary hypertension. PVL was successfully treated by endovascular correction with using of device for closure of ventricular septal defect.  

References

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Abstract:

Article describes the experience of X-ray-surgical treatment of patient with clinical and laboratory manifestations of cholestasis without a concomitant expansion of bile ducts. In anamnesis of disease - left-sided hemihepatectomy, hepaticojejunostomy on wireframe transhepatic drainage for treatment of portal cholangiocarcinoma III-b, 6 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. Frame-drainage was removed after 6.5 months after surgery and 2 weeks before this hospitalization. Bilirubinemia (bilirubin 394.89 (233,00-161,89) mol/L) with signs dysproteinemia, cytolysis and anticoagulation were marked during the hospitalization. Lack of pneumobilia during sonography suggested that the most likely cause of cholestasis is a violation of the biliodigestive anastomosis patency Antegrade biliary decompression led to the development of hepatic failure, which was successfully treated by syndromic intensive therapy Following antegrade balloon dilatation of biliodigestive anastomosis area with its external-internal frame-drainage let us to eliminate clinical and laboratory manifestations of obstructive jaundice.

Conclusion: the need for a surgical biliary decompression in cancer patients with cholestasis without a significant expansion of bile ducts with a decrease of functional reserves of the liver is accompanied by the risk of development or progression of liver failure, which leads to complexity and ambiguity of the choice of treatment strategy in these patients.

References

1.    Yurchenko V.V. Javljaetsja li suprastenoticheskaja dilatacija objazatel'nym simptomom narushenija ottoka zhelchi? [Is suprastenotic dilatation a mandatory symptom of impaired bile outflow?] Vestnik rentgenologii i radiologii. 2015; 3: 18-22. [In Russ]. 

Abstract:

Aim: was to estimate parameters of left ventricle (LV) perfusion and kinetics at ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF), which initial values are predictors of increased myocardial functional reserve and patients clinical status improvement as a result of revascularization.

Materials and methods: examined 157 patients (146 men and 11 women; age from 33 to 72 years) before and in 2 - 3 days after percutaneous coronary intervention with diagnosis: CAD, CHF with NYHA class III-IV echocardiography parameters of LV: ejection fraction less than 40%, end-diastolic volume is more than 200 ml. Perfusion and function disorders were estimated with use of ECG-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Results: in 48% of cases 6-minute walk test increased more than 150%; NYHA class decreased by 2 classes (group 1). In 52% cases 6-minute walk test increased less than 50% and the NYHA class decreased on 1 class or did not change (group 2). Comparison of initial LV condition and clinical effect revealed following conformities. The revascularization effect is limited not to extent of coronary blood flow recovery, but first of all a cardiac muscle condition, the quantitative relation of the functioning myocardium and a focal cardiosclerosis. Thus, critical size to define the favorable forecast of revascularization is perfusion disorder more than a half of LV and kinetics disorder more than a third of cardiac muscle volume. Prevalence of a cardiosclerosis over the functioning myocardium limits clinical effect of a revascularization and growth of a functional reserve.

Conclusion: degree of initial LV myocardium perfusion and movement disorders at patients with severe ischemic heart failure is the key indicator, influencing clinical efficiency of coronary intervention

References

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10.   Ling L.F., Marwick T.H., Flores D.R., Jaber W.A.. Brunken R.C., Cerqueira M.D., Hachamovitch R.Identification of therapeutic benefit from revascularization in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: inducible ischemia versus hibernating myocardium. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 May 1;6(3):363-72.

11.   Schinkel A.F., Poldermans D., Rizzello V., Vanoverschelde J.L., Elhendy A., Boersma E., Roelandt J.R., Bax J.J. Why do patients with ischemiccardiomyopathy and a substantialamount of viablemyocardium not always recover in function after revascularization? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Feb;127(2):385-90.

12.   Mandegar M.H., Yousefnia M.A., Roshanali F., Rayatzadeh H., Alaeddini F. Interaction between two predictors of functional outcome after revascularization in ischemic cardiomyopathy: left ventricular volume and amount of viable myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Oct; 136(4):930-6.

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14.   Rizzello V., Schinkel A.F., Bax J.J., et al. «Individual prediction of functional recovery after coronary revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: the scar-to-biphasic model» Am J Cardiol. 2003 Jun 15;91 (12): 1406-9.

15.   Chestuhin V.V., Mironkov A.B., Bljahman F.A., Ostroumov E.N., Kolchanova S.G., Shkljar T.F., Azoev Je.T., Sahovskij S.A. Vlijanie polnoty revaskuljarizacii serdca na funkcional'noe sostojanie miokarda pri ishemicheskoj kardiomiopatii [Influence of completeness of coronary revascularization on the functional state of the myocardium in ischemic cardiomyopathy.]. Vestnik transplantologii i iskusstvennyh organov. 2013: 14(4):55-63 [In Russ].

16.   Bax J.J., Visser F.C., Poldermans D., et al. Time course of functional recovery of stunned and hibernating segments after surgical revascularization. Circulation. 2001; 104(Suppl 1):I314 -8.

Abstract:

Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic dissection type B is the method of choice in complicated cases. These interventions are obviously less traumatic, accompanied by less blood loss, shorten the length of stay in the intensive care unit, and there is a smaller number of complications. Successful treatment requires careful planning and determination of the existence of conditions for the implantation of endovascular prostheses. It is important to analyze the question of vascular approach, the availability of landing zone, the feasibility of switching aorta branches before implantation etc. However, you can have experience of not predicted of intraoperative complications. 

Article presents two clinical cases of implantation of stent-grafts in patients with challenging anatomy of the defeat of the thoracic aorta. In both cases, we used hybrid approach. In each case we used carotid-subclavian shunting before implantation of the stent-graft and in one case we usee «chimney» technique. Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in these patients was accompanied by certain difficulties. Anatomical difficulties were overcome by using of not standart technique during operation.

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12.   Grabenwoger M., Alfonso F., Bachet J. et al. Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) for the treatment of aortic diseases: apposition statement from the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur. Heart J. 2012; 33: 1558-1563.

13.   Akchurin R.S., Imaev TJe., Komlev A.E. i dr. Varianty debranshinga dugi aorty pri gibridnyh hirurgicheskih vmeshatel'stvah [Debranching of aortic arch in hybrid surgical interventions]. Klinicheskaja fiziologija krovoobrashhenija. 2016; 13(2): 102-107 [In Russ].

14.   Bokerija L.A., Alekjan B.G. Rukovodstvo po rentgenjendovaskuljarnoj hirurgii serdca i sosudov [Guide-book on endovascular surgery of heart and vessels]. Tom 1 М: NCSSH  im A.N.Bakuleva RAMN, 2008 [in Russ]. 

15.  Akchurin R.S., Imaev TJe., Kolegaev A.S. i dr. Jendovaskuljarnoe lechenii spontannogo razryva aorty [Endovascular treatment of spontaneous aortic rupture]. Angiologija i sosudistaja hirurgija. 2015; 21(3): 168-172 [In Russ].

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Abstract:

Aim: was to assess dynamics of strain (S) and strain rate (SR) of longitudinal, circular and radial fibers in patients with left ventricular (LV) aneurysm (LVA) before and in early stages after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using Velocity Vector Imaging.

Material and methods: in 270 segments LV in patients with LVA, S and SR of LV fibers was analyzed before and after CAB. Also analysis of S and SR was performed in patients with CABG and plastic of the LV (group 1, 144 segments) and in the group with CABG without plastic of the LV (group 2, 126 segments).

Results: a function of longitudinal, circular and radial fibers after CABG has improved in all patients. Only SR of radial fibers reached normal. In group 1 was received the positive dynamics from the longitudinal S and SR, and SR circular and radial fibers. In group 2 indicators of function of longitudinal and circular fibers remained without negative dynamics, but positive dynamics is observed only from the SR of the radial fibers. The SR of radial fibers in both groups was normalized.

Conclusion: improvement of LV function in all patients is due to the group I. It is important to study the LV function in patients with LVA depending on the type of surgery.

References

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2.     Dor V., Di Donato M., Civaya F. Postinfarktnoe remodelirovanie levogo zheludochka: magnitno-rezonansnaya tomografiya dlya ocenki patofiziologii posle rekonstrukcii levogo zheludochka. [Post myocardial infarct remodeling: role of magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of its pathophysiology after left ventricular reconstruction.] Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2014; 3: 14-27 [In Russ].

3.     Chernyavskii A.M., Kareva Yu. E., Denisova M.A.,Efendiev V.U. Problema predoperacionnogo modelirovaniya levogo zheludochka. [The problem of preoperative left ventricular modeling.] Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2015; 2: 4-7 [In Russ].

4.     Carasso Sh., Biaggi P., Rakowski H. et al. Velocity Vector Imaging: Standart Tissue - Tracking Results Acquired in Normals - The VVI - Strain Study. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2012; 25(5): 543-552.

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6.     Rostamzadeh A., Shojaeifard M., Rezaei Y, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of myocardial deformation indices for detecting high risk coronary artery disease in patient without regional wall motion abnormality. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(6): 9412-9420.

7.    Pavlyukova E.N., Karpov R.S Deformaciya, rotaciya i povorot po osi levogo zheludochka u bol'nyh ishemicheskoj bolezn'yu serdca s tyazheloj levozheludochkovoj disfunkciej. [Deformation, rotation, and axial torsion of the left ventricle in coronary heart disease patients with its severe dysfunction. ] Terapevticeskij arhiv. 2012;9: 11-16 [In Russ].

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